Abstract
Hypertension is a silent killer worldwide, caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Until now, genetic and genomic association studies of hypertension are reporting different degree of association on hypertension. Hence, it is essential to gather all the available information on the reported genetic loci and to determine if any biomarker(s) is/are significantly associated with hypertension. Current review concluded the potential biomarkers for hypertension, with regards to electrolyte and fluid transports, as well as sodium/potassium ions homeostasis, which are supported by the results of case-controls and meta-analyses.
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Abbreviations
- BP:
-
Blood pressure
- SBP:
-
Systolic blood pressure
- DBP:
-
Diastolic blood pressure
- SNP:
-
Single nucleotide polymorphism
- RAS:
-
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
- REN:
-
Renin
- AGT:
-
Angiotensinogen
- Ang II:
-
Angiotensin II
- ACE:
-
Angiotensin-converting enzyme
- AGTR1:
-
Angiotensin II type I receptor
- AGTR2:
-
Angiotensin II type 2 receptor
- CYP11B2:
-
Aldosterone synthase
- ECE-1/ECE-2:
-
Endothelin converting enzyme 1/2
- EDN1/EDN2:
-
Endothelin 1/2
- EDNRA/ENDRBB:
-
Endothelin receptor A/B
- eNOS:
-
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- ApoB/ApoC/ApoE:
-
Apolipoprotein B/C/E
- LPL:
-
Lipoprotein lipase
- VLDL:
-
Very low density lipoprotein
- ENaC:
-
Epithelial sodium channel
- SCNN1A/SCNN1B/SCNN1G:
-
Sodium channel non voltage gated 1 alpha subunit/beta subunit/gamma subunit
- TSC:
-
Thiazide sensitive Na+Cl- cotransporter
- ATP1A2:
-
ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 2 polypeptide
- ATP1B1:
-
ATPase, Ca++ transporting, plasma membrane 1
- ADD:
-
Alpha-adducin
- NEDD4L:
-
Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated gene 4-like
- SNS:
-
Sympathetic nervous system
- ADRB1:
-
β1-adrenergic receptor
- ADRB2:
-
β2-adrenergic receptor
- cAMP:
-
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- IGF-1:
-
Insulin-like growth factor 1
- IGF-1R:
-
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
- GWAS:
-
Genome-wide association studies
- WTCCC:
-
Wellcome Trust Case control consortium
- RYR2:
-
Ryanodine receptor 2
- WNK1:
-
WNK lysine Deficient Protein Kinase 1
- UMOD:
-
Uromodulin
- PMS1:
-
Post-meiotic segregation increased 1
- SLC24A4:
-
Solute carrier family 24 member 4
- YWHAZ:
-
Tyrosine 3-monooxygenaseltrytophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta polypeptide
- IPO7:
-
Importin 7
- P4HA2:
-
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase, alpha polypeptide II
- CHARGE:
-
Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genome Epidemiology
- ICBP:
-
International Consortium for Blood pressure
- NPR3-C5orf23:
-
Natriuretic peptide receptor 3-chromosome 5 open reading frame 23
- HFE:
-
Human hemochromatosis protein
- BAT2-BAT5:
-
HLA-B associated transcript 2-HLA-B associated transcript 5
- PLCE1:
-
Phospholipase C epsilon 1
- FLJ32810-TMEM133:
-
rho-type guanosine triphosphate activating protein-transmembrane gene 133
- GNAS-EDN3:
-
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha stimulating activity polypeptide 1-endothelin 3
- MTHFR-NPPB:
-
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase-natriuretic peptide B
- CACNB2:
-
Calcium channel voltage dependent beta 2 subunit
- C10orf107:
-
Chromosome 10 open reading frame 107
- CYP1A1-ULK3:
-
Cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A polypeptide-unc 51 like kinase 3
- ANP:
-
Natriuretic peptides encompass atrial natriuretic peptide
- BNP:
-
Brain-natriuretic peptide
- CNP:
-
C-type natriuretic peptide
- INVEST-GENES:
-
International Verapamil SR-Trandolapril Study Genetic Substudy
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We acknowledge the financial support from a Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2015/SKK08/UTAR/02/3).
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Wei, L.K., Au, A., Teh, L.K., Lye, H.S. (2016). Recent Advances in the Genetics of Hypertension. In: Islam, M.S. (eds) Hypertension: from basic research to clinical practice. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 956. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2016_75
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