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Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Myoblast Differentiation and Proliferation by Pannexins

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Protein Reviews

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((PROTRE,volume 925))

Abstract

Pannexins are newly discovered channels that are now recognized as mediators of adenosine triphosphate release from several cell types allowing communication with the extracellular environment. Pannexins have been associated with various physiological and pathological processes including apoptosis, inflammation, and cancer. However, it is only recently that our work has unveiled a role for Pannexin 1 and Pannexin 3 as novel regulators of skeletal muscle myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Myoblast differentiation is an ordered multistep process that includes withdrawal from the cell cycle and the expression of key myogenic factors leading to myoblast differentiation and fusion into multinucleated myotubes. Eventually, myotubes will give rise to the diverse muscle fiber types that build the complex skeletal muscle architecture essential for body movement, postural behavior, and breathing. Skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation are crucial processes required for proper skeletal muscle development during embryogenesis, as well as for the postnatal skeletal muscle regeneration that is necessary for muscle repair after injury or exercise. However, defects in skeletal muscle cell differentiation and/or deregulation of cell proliferation are involved in various skeletal muscle pathologies. In this review, we will discuss the expression of pannexins and their post-translational modifications in skeletal muscle, their known functions in various steps of myogenesis, including myoblast proliferation and differentiation, as well as their possible roles in skeletal muscle development, regeneration, and diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

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Abbreviations

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

Ca2+ :

Calcium

CBX:

Carbenoxolone

DMD:

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

HSMM:

Human primary skeletal muscle myoblast

kDa:

Kilodalton

P2R:

P2 receptor

Panx:

Pannexin

Panx1:

Pannexin 1

Panx2:

Pannexin 2

Panx3:

Pannexin 3

RC:

Reserve cell

RMS:

Rhabdomyosarcoma

SC:

Satellite cell

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Acknowledgements

Our work is supported by the Department of Surgery at the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (Ottawa, Canada) and the Cancer Research Society.

Conflicts of Interest

No conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Division of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8 L1, Canada

    Stéphanie Langlois

  2. Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Stéphanie Langlois & Kyle N. Cowan

  3. Department of Surgery, Division of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Room 3370, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8 L1, Canada

    Kyle N. Cowan

  4. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Kyle N. Cowan

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  1. Stéphanie Langlois
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Correspondence to Kyle N. Cowan .

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  1. Biochem and Mol Biol, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

    M. Zouhair Atassi

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Langlois, S., Cowan, K.N. (2016). Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Myoblast Differentiation and Proliferation by Pannexins. In: Atassi, M. (eds) Protein Reviews. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 925. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2016_53

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