Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Review of the Evidence to Support Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in the Prevention and Management of Venous Disease

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Thrombosis and Embolism: from Research to Clinical Practice

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AIM,volume 906))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Baldwin MJ, Moore HM, Rudarakanchana N, Gohel M, Davies AH (2013) Post-thrombotic syndrome: a clinical review. J Thromb Haemost 11:795–805. doi:10.1111/jth.12180

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Becker J, Schampi B (1973) The incidence of postoperative venous thrombosis of the legs. A comparative study on the prophylactic effect of dextran 70 and electrical calf-muscle stimulation. Acta Chir Scand 139:357–367

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bogachev VY, Golovanova OV, Kuznetsov AN, Shekoyan AO, Bogacheva NV (2011) Electromuscular stimulation with VEINOPLUS for the treatment of chronic venous edema. Int Angiol 30:567–570

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bostrom S et al (1986) Post-operative thromboembolism in neurosurgery. A study on the prophylactic effect of calf muscle stimulation plus dextran compared to low-dose heparin. Acta Neurochir 80:83–89

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Broderick BJ, O’Briain DE, Breen PP, Kearns SR, Olaighin G (2009) A hemodynamic study of popliteal vein blood flow: the effect of bed rest and electrically elicited calf muscle contractions. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2009:2149–2152. doi:10.1109/iembs.2009.5332561

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Broderick BJ, O’Briain D, O'Briain DE, Breen PP, Kearns SR, Olaighin G (2010a) A pilot evaluation of a neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) based methodology for the prevention of venous stasis during bed rest. Med Eng Phys 32:349–355. doi:S1350-4533(10)00008-1 [pii] 10.1016/j.medengphy.2010.01.006

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Broderick BJ, Kennedy C, Breen PP, Kearns SR, Olaighin G (2010b) The influence of orthopaedic implants on patient tolerance of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2010:5823–5826. doi:10.1109/IEMBS.2010.5627491

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Broderick BJ, Kennedy C, Breen PP, Kearns SR, O. L G (2011) Patient tolerance of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in the presence of orthopaedic implants. Med Eng Phys 33:56–61. doi:S1350-4533(10)00199-2 [pii] 10.1016/j.medengphy.2010.09.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Broderick BJ, Breathnach O, Condon F, Masterson E, Olaighin G (2013) Haemodynamic performance of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) during recovery from total hip arthroplasty. J Orthop Surg Res 8:3. doi:10.1186/1749-799X-8-3

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Browse NL, Negus D (1970) Prevention of postoperative leg vein thrombosis by electrical muscle stimulation. An evaluation with 125I-labelled fibrinogen. Br Med J 3:615–618

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cambridge NA (1977) Electrical apparatus used in medicine before 1900. Proc Roy Soc Med 70:635–641

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Clagett GP, Reisch JS (1988) Prevention of venous thromboembolism in general surgical patients. Results of meta-analysis. Ann Surg 208:227–240

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Corley GJ, Birlea SI, Breen P, Olaighin G (2009) Popliteal blood flow and plaster prercian force due to neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of the calf muscle pump are strongly associated with NMES intensity (See beta)). In: Annual international conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, pp 3051–3054

    Google Scholar 

  • Czyrny JJ, Kaplan RE, Wilding GE, Purdy CH, Hirsh J (2010) Electrical foot stimulation: a potential new method of deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis. Vascular 18:20–27

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davies J, Farrelly I BR, Wakelin M (2008) Improving the calf pump using home-based exercises for patients with chronic venous disease. Wound 3:48–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Dejode LR, Khurshid M, Walther WW (1973) The influence of electrical stimulation of the leg during surgical operations on the subsequent development of deep-vein thrombosis. Br J Surg 60:31–32

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dillon RS (1986) Treatment of resistant venous stasis ulcers and dermatitis with the end-diastolic pneumatic compression boot. Angiology 37:47–56

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doran FS, White HM (1967) A demonstration that the risk of postoperative deep venous thrombosis is reduced by stimulating the calf muscles electrically during the operation. Br J Surg 54:686–689

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doran FS, White M, Drury M (1970) A clinical trial designed to test the relative value of two simple methods of reducing the risk of venous stasis in the lower limbs during surgical operations, the danger of thrombosis, and a subsequent pulmonary embolus, with a survey of the problem. Br J Surg 57:20–30

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eberhardt RT, Raffetto JD (2005) Chronic venous insufficiency. Circulation 111:2398–2409

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Faghri PD, Pompe Van Meerdervort HF, Glaser RM, Figoni SF (1997) Electrical stimulation-induced contraction to reduce blood stasis during arthroplasty. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng 5:62–69

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Faghri PD, Votto JJ, Hovorka CF (1998) Venous hemodynamics of the lower extremities in response to electrical stimulation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 79:842–848. doi:S0003-9993(98)90368-9 [pii]

    Google Scholar 

  • Goddard AA, Pierce CS, McLeod KJ (2008) Reversal of lower limb edema by calf muscle pump stimulation. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 28:174–179. doi:10.1097/01.HCR.0000320067.58599.ac 01273116-200805000-00003 [pii]

  • Gouin-Thibault I, Pautas E, Siguret V (2005) Safety profile of different low-molecular weight heparins used at therapeutic dose. Drug saf 28:333–349

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Green DA, Sumners P, Hunter SP (2008) Effect of percutaneous electrical stimulation of the sole upon lower limb blood pooling induced by protracted sitting in man. HIgh Tech Health Ltd

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffin M, Nicolaides AN, Bond D, Geroulakos G, Kalodiki E (2010) The efficacy of a new stimulation technology to increase venous flow and prevent venous stasis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 40:766–771

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey W (1928) Exercitio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis Animalibus C. C. Thomas, Springfield, 1628

    Google Scholar 

  • Heath ME, Gibbs SB (1992) High-voltage pulsed galvanic stimulation: effects of frequency of current on blood flow in the human calf muscle. Clin Sci (Lond) 82:607–613

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howard LS, Hughes RJ (2013) NICE guideline: management of venous thromboembolic diseases and role of thrombophilia testing. Thorax 68:391–393

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • IO M, Lepar GS, Morrissey MC, Cywinski JK (2003) Effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on foot/ankle volume during standing. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35:630–634

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Izumi M, Ikeuchi M, Mitani T, Taniguchi S, Tani T (2010) Prevention of venous stasis in the lower limb by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 39:642–645. doi:S1078-5884(09)00614-5 [pii] 10.1016/j.ejvs.2009.11.035

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jorgensen JO et al (1994) Venous stasis during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc 4:128–133

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan RE, Czyrny JJ, Fung TS, Unsworth JD, Hirsh J (2002) Electrical foot stimulation and implications for the prevention of venous thromboembolic disease. Thromb Haemost 88:200–204

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karatzanos E et al (2012) Electrical muscle stimulation: an effective form of exercise and early mobilization to preserve muscle strength in critically ill patients. Crit Care Res Pract 2012:432752. doi:10.1155/2012/432752

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Katz RT, Green D, Sullivan T, Yarkony G (1987) Functional electric stimulation to enhance systemic fibrinolytic activity in spinal cord injury patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 68:423–426

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kolari PJ, Pekanmaki K (1986) Intermittent pneumatic compression in healing of venous ulcers. Lancet 2:1108–1108

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kolari PJ, Pekanmaki K, Pohjola RT (1988) Transcutaneous oxygen tension in patients with post-thrombotic leg ulcers: treatment with intermittent pneumatic compression. Cardiovasc Res 22:138–141

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lachmann EA, Rook JL, Tunkel R, Nagler W (1992) Complications associated with intermittent pneumatic compression. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 73:482–485

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laverick MD, McGivern RC, Crone MD, Mollan RAB (1990) A comparison of the effects of electrical calf muscle stimulation and the venous foot pump on venous blood flow in the lower leg. Phlebology 5:285–290

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindstrom B et al (1982) Prediction and prophylaxis of postoperative thromboembolism – a comparison between peroperative calf muscle stimulation with groups of impulses and dextran 40. Br J Surg 69:633–637

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lobastov K et al (2014) Electrical calf muscle stimulation with Veinoplus device in postoperative venous thromboembolism prevention. Int Angiol 33:42–49

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lyons GM, Leane GE, Grace PA (2002) The effect of electrical stimulation of the calf muscle and compression stocking on venous blood flow velocity. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 23:564–566

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MacDougall DA, Feliu AL, Boccuzzi SJ, Lin J (2006) Economic burden of deep-vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and post-thrombotic syndrome. Am J Health Syst Pharm 63:S5–S15. doi:10.2146/ajhp060388

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mackman N (2012) New insights into the mechanisms of venous thrombosis. J Clin Invest 122:2331–2336. doi:10.1172/JCI60229

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Meissner MH (2005) Lower extremity venous anatomy. Semin Interv Radiol 22:147–156. doi:10.1055/s-2005-921948

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meissner MH et al (2007) Primary chronic venous disorders. J Vasc Surg 46(Suppl S):54S–67S. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2007.08.038

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Merli GJ et al (1988) Deep vein thrombosis: prophylaxis in acute spinal cord injured patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 69:661–664

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller BF, Gruben KG, Morgan BJ (2000) Circulatory responses to voluntary and electrically induced muscle contractions in humans. Phys Ther 80:53–60

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson EA, Mani R, Thomas K, Vowden K (2011) Intermittent pneumatic compression for treating venous leg ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2):CD001899-CD001899

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicolaides AN, Kakkar VV, Field ES, Fish P (1972) Optimal electrical stimulus for prevention of deep vein thrombosis. Br Med J 3:756–758

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolaides AN, et al (1983) Intermittent sequential pneumatic compression of the legs and thromboembolism-deterrent stockings in the prevention of postoperative deep venous thrombosis. Surgery 94:21–25. doi:0039-6060(83)90158-7 [pii]

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollock AV (1977) Calf-muscle stimulation as a prophylactic method against deep vein thrombosis. Triangle 16:41–45

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg IL, Evans M, Pollock AV (1975) Prophylaxis of postoperative leg vein thrombosis by low dose subcutaneous heparin or peroperative calf muscle stimulation: a controlled clinical trial. Br Med J 1:649–651

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Smith PC, Sarin S, Hasty J, Scurr JH (1990) Sequential gradient pneumatic compression enhances venous ulcer healing: a randomized trial. Surgery 108:871–875

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Office of National Statistics (2007) http//:www.ons.gov.uk

  • Tucker AT et al (2010) Augmentation of venous, arterial and microvascular blood supply in the leg by isometric neuromuscular stimulation via the peroneal nerve. Int J Angiol 19:e31–e37

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • van Beekvelt MCP, van Asten WNJC, Hopman MTE (2000) The effect of electrical stimulation on leg muscle pump activity in spinal cord-injured and able-bodied individuals. Eur J Appl Physiol 82:510–516

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Velmahos GC, et al (2005) Electrostimulation for the prevention of deep venous thrombosis in patients with major trauma: a prospective randomized study. Surgery 137:493–498. doi:S0039606005000590 [pii] 10.1016/j.surg.2005.01.010.

  • von Elm E et al (2007) The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Bull World Health Organ 85:867–872

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams KJ, Ayekoloye O, Moore HM, Davies AH (2014a) The calf muscle pump revisited. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.jvsv.2013.10.053

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams K, Moore H, Davies A (2014b) Haemodynamic changes with the use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation compared to intermittent pneumatic compression. Phlebology. doi:10.1177/0268355514531255

    Google Scholar 

  • Zwierska I et al (2005) Upper- vs lower-limb aerobic exercise rehabilitation in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease: a randomized controlled trial. J Vasc Surg 42:1122–1130. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2005.08.021

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Academic Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK

    K. J. Williams, R. Ravikumar, H. M. Moore, T. R. A. Lane, J. Shalhoub, A. Babber & A. H. Davies

  2. Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt

    A. S. Gaweesh

  3. Servicio de Cirugía General, Sector Flebolinfología, Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    A. D. Lifsitz

Authors
  1. K. J. Williams
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. Ravikumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. S. Gaweesh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. H. M. Moore
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. A. D. Lifsitz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. T. R. A. Lane
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. J. Shalhoub
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. A. Babber
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. A. H. Davies
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to H. M. Moore .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    Md. Shahidul Islam

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Williams, K.J. et al. (2016). A Review of the Evidence to Support Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in the Prevention and Management of Venous Disease. In: Islam, M. (eds) Thrombosis and Embolism: from Research to Clinical Practice. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 906. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2016_128

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2016_128

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-22107-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-22108-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation