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Applications of Nanomaterials in Sensors and Diagnostics pp 189–216Cite as

DNA Sensors Employing Nanomaterials for Diagnostic Applications

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Part of the book series: Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors ((SSSENSORS,volume 14))

Abstract

This chapter describes DNA sensors (genosensors) that employ electrochemical impedance signal as transduction principle. With this principle, hybridization of a target gene with the complementary probe is the starting point to detect clinical diagnostic-related genes or gene variants. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy permits, then, a labeless detection, by simple use of a redox probe. As current topic, it will focus on the use of nanocomponents to improve sensor performance, mainly carbon nanotubes integrated in the sensor platform, or nanoparticles, for signal amplification. The different formats and variants available for detecting genes in diagnostic applications will be reviewed.

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Abbreviations

AC:

Alternating current

AuNP:

Gold nanoparticle

C:

Capacitance

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

CPE:

Constant phase element

CPE:

Carbon paste electrode

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

dsDNA:

Double-stranded DNA

EDAC:

N-(3-Dimethylaminopropil)-N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride

EIS:

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

GCE:

Glassy carbon electrode

H1N1:

Influenza A – H1N1 gene

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

hpDNA:

Hairpin DNA

IgG:

Immunoglobulin G

LOD:

Limit of detection

MWCNT:

Multi-walled carbon nanotube

NHS:

N-Hydroxysuccinimide

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PNA:

Peptide nucleic acid

QCM:

Quartz crystal microbalance

QD:

Quantum dot

R :

Resistance

R et :

Electron transfer resistance

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

SPR:

Surface plasmon resonance

ssDNA:

Single-stranded DNA

strept-AuNPs:

Streptavidin-coated gold nanoparticles

SWCNT:

Single-walled carbon nanotube

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

Z:

Impedance

Zi :

Imaginary component of impedance

Zr :

Real component of impedance

αHL:

α-Hemolysin nanopore

φ :

Phase angle

ω :

Radial frequency

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Acknowledgements

Financial support for this work was provided by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, MCINN (Madrid) through projects Consolider-Ingenio CSD2006-00012 and CTQ2010-17099 and by program ICREA Academia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sensors and Biosensors Group, Chemistry Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain

    Manel del Valle

  2. Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, SPMS-CBC-04-41, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore

    Alessandra Bonanni

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  1. Manel del Valle
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Correspondence to Manel del Valle .

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  1. , Nanoelectronics and MEMS Laboratory, National Electronics and Computer Techno, Phahol Yothin Rd., Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand

    Adisorn Tuantranont

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del Valle, M., Bonanni, A. (2012). DNA Sensors Employing Nanomaterials for Diagnostic Applications. In: Tuantranont, A. (eds) Applications of Nanomaterials in Sensors and Diagnostics. Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors, vol 14. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/5346_2012_38

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