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Higher-Coordinated Molecular Silicon Compounds

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Functional Molecular Silicon Compounds I

Part of the book series: Structure and Bonding ((STRUCTURE,volume 155))

Abstract

In silicon compounds the Si atoms are known to be fourfold coordinated in most cases. However, there are several cationic, anionic, and neutral molecular species containing hypercoordinated – i.e., five- and sixfold coordinated (and in few cases even higher coordinated) – silicon atoms. This class of compounds ranges from long known stable inorganic species such as SiF6 2− to many different organometallic compounds with multidentate chelate ligands. Although this field has been known since the early nineteenth century and expanded significantly in the twentieth century, very interesting advances have been developed in the past decade. These include the extension of established synthesis routes to novel ligand systems via substitution, addition, and oxidative addition, among others. A number of new organic ligand systems have been successfully applied leading to unprecedented coordination modes of the silicon atoms. The structures of the obtained compounds have been analyzed thoroughly in many cases providing detailed insights into structure and bonding situations in hypercoordinated silicon complexes. Besides the classical silicon compounds with donor atoms such as H, C, Cl, F, O, and N, many novel examples with main group metal as well as transition metal atoms in the coordination sphere of silicon have been reported.

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Abbreviations

AIM:

Atoms in molecules (see also QTAIM)

Ar:

Aryl

bipy:

2,2'-Bipyridyl

Bn:

Benzyl

Bu:

Butyl

t-Bu:

Tert-butyl

cat:

Catalyst

CN:

Coordination number

Cp:

Cyclopentadienyl

Cp*:

Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl

CSD:

Cambridge Structural Database

Cy:

Cyclohexyl

Dip:

2,6-Diisopropylphenyl

DMAP:

4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine

DME:

1,2-Dimethoxyethane

DMF:

Dimethylformamide

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

Et:

Ethyl

HMPA:

Hexamethylphosphorictriamide

L:

Ligand

Me:

Methyl

Mes:

Mesityl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl (not methanesulfonyl)

mt:

Methimazolyl (1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazolyl)

NBO:

Natural bond order

NHC:

N-heterocyclic carbene

NHS:

N-heterocyclic silylene

Nu:

Nucleophile

Ph:

Phenyl

phen:

1,10-Phenantroline

Pr:

Propyl

i-Pr:

Isopropyl

py:

Pyridine

pz:

Pyrazolyl

pz*:

3,5-Dimethylpyrazolyl

QTAIM:

Quantum theory of atoms in molecules

SP:

Square pyramid (or square pyramidal)

TBP:

Trigonal bipyramid (or trigonal-bipyramidal)

Tf:

Trifluoromethanesulfonyl (triflyl)

THF:

Tetrahydrofuran

tmeda:

N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,2-ethylenediamine

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institut fürAnorganische Chemie, Leipziger Str. 29, 09596, Freiberg, Germany

    Jörg Wagler, Uwe Böhme & Edwin Kroke

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  1. Jörg Wagler
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  2. Uwe Böhme
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  3. Edwin Kroke
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Correspondence to Edwin Kroke .

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  1. Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany

    David Scheschkewitz

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Wagler, J., Böhme, U., Kroke, E. (2013). Higher-Coordinated Molecular Silicon Compounds. In: Scheschkewitz, D. (eds) Functional Molecular Silicon Compounds I. Structure and Bonding, vol 155. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/430_2013_118

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