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Photofunctional Transition Metal Complexes pp 41–78Cite as

From Photoinduced Charge Separation to Light-driven Molecular Machines

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Part of the book series: Structure and Bonding ((STRUCTURE,volume 123))

Abstract

The photochemical properties of transition metal complexes, such as those of iridium(III) or ruthenium(II),can be exploited in various ways to generate charge-separated (CS) states, in relation to the mimicry ofthe natural photosynthetic reaction centres, or to set multicomponent compounds or assemblies in motion.The first part of the present chapter summarizes the work carried out in our groups (Bologna and Strasbourg)in recent years with iridium(III)-terpy complexes (terpy: 2,2′,6′,6′′-terpyridine).The synthesis of multicomponent iridium(III) complexes in reasonable yields has been achieved and theirphotochemical properties have been investigated. Unexpectedly, the excited state lifetimes of some of thesecompounds are very long at room temperature (several microseconds) in fluid solution, making the Ir(terpy)2 3+fragment an interesting chromophore. Once attached to electron donor (D) groups, dyads of the Ir(terpy)2 3+-Dtype undergo fast photoinduced electron transfer. In addition Ir(terpy)2 3+in the ground state is a relatively good electron acceptor, displaying interesting properties as electronrelay in porphyrinic triads. A triad, consisting of an Ir(terpy)2 3+central core, a Zn porphyrin as the primary donor on one side and a gold(III) porphyrin as theterminal acceptor on the other side, leads to a relatively long-lived CS state (close to the microsecond).The other section of the present chapter deals with light-driven molecular machines built around Ru(bpy)3 2+derivatives, including catenanes and rotaxanes. In order to set the system in motion, a dissociativeligand field (LF) state is generated from the light-absorbing metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) state,originating in the expulsion of a given ligand in a perfectly controlled fashion. This step israpidly followed by coordination of another ligand to afford a kinetically stable new complex. Theprocess can be inverted by thermal energy, so as to regenerate the starting state of the system.

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Abbreviations

A:

Acceptor

bpqpy:

2,6-bis(4′-phenyl-2′-quinolyl)-pyridine

bpy:

2,2′-bipyridine

CR:

Charge Recombination

CS:

Charge Separation or Charge Separated

CT:

Charge Transfer

D:

Donor

dmbp:

6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine

dmp:

2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline

DPAA:

di-p-anisylamine

dpbp:

6,6′-diphenyl-2,2′bipyridine

DQ:

N,N′-polymethylenebridged-2,2′-bipyridinium

HOMO:

Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital

ILCT:

Intra Ligand Charge Tranfer

LC:

Ligand Centered

LF:

Ligand Field

LLCT:

Ligand to Ligand Charge Transfer

LUMO:

Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital

MLCT:

Metal to Ligand Charge Transfer

MV:

1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium, methyl viologen

OLED:

Organic Light-Emitting Diode

PC:

Photoactive Centre

phen:

1,10-phenanthroline

PTZ:

phenothiazine

py:

pyridine

RCM:

Ring Closing Metathesis

terpy:

2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine

tterpy:

4′-(p-tolyl)-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank all the very talented and enthusiastic researchers who participated in the work discussed in the present review article. Their names appear in the references. We thank CNR of Italy (PM-P04-ISTM-C1/ISOF-M5), CNRS (France), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita' e della Ricerca of Italy (FIRB, RBNE019H9K) and COST D31 for financial support. SB acknowledges the Région Alsace for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, UMR 7513 du CNRS, Institut Le Bel, Université Louis Pasteur, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg Cedex, France

    Etienne Baranoff, Sylvestre Bonnet, Jean-Paul Collin, Pierre Mobian & Jean-Pierre Sauvage

  2. Istituto ISOF-CNR, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy

    Francesco Barigelletti & Lucia Flamigni

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  1. Etienne Baranoff
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  2. Francesco Barigelletti
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  3. Sylvestre Bonnet
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  4. Jean-Paul Collin
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  6. Pierre Mobian
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  7. Jean-Pierre Sauvage
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Correspondence to Jean-Pierre Sauvage .

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Vivian W. W. Yam

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Baranoff, E. et al. (2006). From Photoinduced Charge Separation to Light-driven Molecular Machines. In: Yam, V.W.W. (eds) Photofunctional Transition Metal Complexes. Structure and Bonding, vol 123. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/430_037

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