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Regulation of Excitation by GABA Neurotransmission: Focus on Metabolism and Transport

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Book cover Inhibitory Regulation of Excitatory Neurotransmission

Part of the book series: Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation ((RESULTS,volume 44))

Abstract

The vast majority of excitatory synapses in the central nervous system (CNS) utilize glutamate as the neurotransmitter. The level of excitation appears to be under regulatory control by the major inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, which is synthesized from glutamate by its decarboxylation catalysed by glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). The inactivation of GABA is brought about by high affinity GABA transporters located in the presynaptic GABAergic neurons as well as surrounding astrocytes and subsequently GABA may be metabolized by GABA-transaminase (GABA-T) ultimately allowing the carbon skeleton to enter the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle for oxidative metabolism. In the presynaptic GABAergic neuron, GABA taken up seems, however, preferentially to enter the vesicular GABA pool and hence it is recycled as a transmitter. It has become clear that compounds acting as inhibitors at either the transporters or GABA-T are capable of regulating the inhibitory tonus thus controlling excitation. This has led to development of clinically efficatious antiepileptic drugs. This paper shall review recent progress in targeting these pharmacological entities.

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  1. Department of Pharmacology, Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Karsten K. Madsen, Orla M. Larsson & Arne Schousboe

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  1. Karsten K. Madsen
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Correspondence to Arne Schousboe .

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Madsen, K.K., Larsson, O.M., Schousboe, A. (2007). Regulation of Excitation by GABA Neurotransmission: Focus on Metabolism and Transport. In: Darlison, M.G. (eds) Inhibitory Regulation of Excitatory Neurotransmission. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, vol 44. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/400_2007_036

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