Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

History of Gastric Carcinoma Research in Japan: Basic Aspects

  • Chapter
The Diversity of Gastric Carcinoma

Conclusions

Gastric cancers develop from single cells, based on data from clonality analysis in C3H/HeN ⇔ BALB/c chimeric mice. We can conclude that IM is important not as a precancerous lesion but as a paracancerous cord from such studies of clonality of gastric cancers and of phenotypic expression of each intestinal metaplastic or stomach cancer cell. Intestinalization progresses from G, through GI, to I types in noncancerous and cancerous tissue independently, accompanied by homeotic transformation of underlying control factors. H. pylori is not an initiator, but rather a strong promoter in gastric carcinogenesis, and its eradication, together with reduction in salt intake, might effectively prevent gastric cancer development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Oettle AG (1955) Spontaneous carcinoma of the glandular stomach in a laboratory stock of Rattus (Mastomys) natalensis. S Afr J Med Sci 20:36

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Oettle AG (1957) Spontaneous carcinoma of the glandular stomach in Rattus (mastomys) natalensis, an African rodent. Br J Cancer 11:415–433

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Snell KC, Stewart HL (1969) Malignant argyrophilic gastric carcinoids of Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis. Science 163:470

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Rusch HP, Baumann, CA, Maison GL (1940) Production of internal tumors with chemical carcinogens. Arch Pathol 29:8–19

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Stewart HL, Snell KC (1958) Histopathogenesis of carcinoma induced in the glandular stomach of C57BL mice by the intramural injection of 20-methylcholanthrene. J Natl Cancer Inst 21:999–1035

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Wilson RH, De Eds F, Cox AJ Jr (1941) The toxicity and carcinogenic activity of 2-acetaminofluorene. Cancer Res 1:595–608

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Sugimura T, Fujimura S (1967) Tumour production in glandular stomach of rat by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Nature (Lond) 216:943–944

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Fujimura S, Kogure K, Oboshi S, et al (1970) Production of tumors in glandular stomach of hamsters by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Cancer Res 30:1444–1448

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Kogure K, Sasadaira H, Kawachi T, et al (1974) Further studies on induction of stomach cancer in hamsters by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Br J Cancer 29:132–142

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Sugimura T, Tanaka N, Kawachi T, et al (1971) Production of stomach cancer in dogs by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Gann 62:67

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Takahashi M, Sato H (1969) Effect of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide with alkylbenzenesulfonate on gastric carcinogenesis in rats. Gann Monogr 8:241–261

    Google Scholar 

  12. Takahashi M (1970) Effect of alkylbenzenesulfonate as a vehicle for 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide on gastric carcinogenesis in rats. Gann 61:27–33

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Sugimura T, Kawachi T (1976) Experimental gastric cancer (author’s transl). Leber Magen Darm 6:80–90

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Kurihara M, Shirakabe H, Murakami T, et al (1974) A new method for producing adenocarcinomas in the stomach of dogs with N-ethyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Gann 65:163–177

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Mori K (1967) Carcinoma of the glandular stomach of mce by instillation of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. Gann 58:389–393

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Mori K, Ohta A (1967) Carcinoma of the glandular stomach of mice induced by 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide. Gann 58:551–554

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Sugimura T, Kawachi T (1973) In: Busch H (ed) Methods in cancer research, vol VII. Academic Press. New York, pp 245–308

    Google Scholar 

  18. Tatematsu M, Ogawa K, Hoshiya T, et al (1992) Induction of adenocarcinomas in the glandular stomach of BALB/c mice treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Jpn J Cancer Res 83: 915–918

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Tatematsu M, Yamamoto M, Iwata H, et al (1993) Induction of glandular stomach cancers in C3H mice treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in the drinking water. Jpn J Cancer Res 84:1258–1264

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Warren JR, Marshall B (1983) Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis. Lancet i:1273–1275

    Google Scholar 

  21. Marshall BJ, Warren JR (1984) Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration. Lancet 1:1311–1315

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Hu PJ, Li YY, Zhou MH, et al (1995) Helicobacter pylori associated with a high prevalence of duodenal ulcer disease and a low prevalence of gastric cancer in a developing nation. Gut 36:198–202

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Craanen ME, Dekker W, Blok P, et al (1992) Intestinal metaplasia and Helicobacter pylori: an endoscopic bioptic study of the gastric antrum. Gut 33:16–20

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Parsonnet J, Friedman GD, Vandersteen DP, et al (1991) Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of gastric carcinoma. N Engl J Med 325:1127–1131

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Nomura A, Stemmermann GN, Chyou PH, et al (1991) Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric carcinoma among Japanese Americans in Hawaii. N Engl J Med 325:1132–1136

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Forman D, Newell DG, Fullerton F, et al (1991) Association between infection with Helicobacter pylori and risk of gastric cancer: evidence from a prospective investigation. BMJ 302:1302–1305

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Graham DY, Lew GM, Klein PD, et al (1992) Effect of treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection on the long-term recurrence of gastric or duodenal ulcer. A randomized, controlled study. Ann Intern Med 116:705–708

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Kuipers EJ, Uyterlinde AM, Pena AS, et al (1995) Long-term sequelae of Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Lancet 345:1525–1528

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Asaka M, Kato M, Kudo M, et al (1996) Atrophic changes of gastric mucosa are caused by Helicobacter pylori infection rather than aging: studies in asymptomatic Japanese adults. Helicobacter 1:52–56

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Huang JQ, Sridhar S, Chen Y, et al (1998) Meta-analysis of the relationship between Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and gastric cancer. Gastroenterology 114:1169–1179

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Parsonnet J, Hansen S, Rodriguez L, et al (1994) Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric lymphoma. N Engl J Med 330:1267–1271

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. The EUROGAST Study Group (1993) An international association between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer. Lancet 341:1359–1362

    Google Scholar 

  33. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans (1994) Schistosomes, liver flukes and Helicobacter pylori. In: IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, vol 61. IARC, Lyons, pp 1–241

    Google Scholar 

  34. Krakowka S, Morgan DR, Kraft WG, et al (1987) Establishment of gastric Campylobacter pylori infection in the neonatal gnotobiotic piglet. Infect Immun 55:2789–2796

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Radin MJ, Eaton KA, Krakowka S, et al (1990) Helicobacter pylori gastric infection in gnotobiotic beagle dogs. Infect Immun 58:2606–2612

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Lee A, Fox JG, Otto G, et al (1990) A small animal model of human Helicobacter pylori active chronic gastritis. Gastroenterology 99:1315–1323

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Karita M, Kouchiyama T, Okita K, et al (1991) New small animal model for human gastric Helicobacter pylori infection: success in both nude and euthymic mice. Am J Gastroenterol 86:1596–1603

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Karita M, Li Q, Cantero D, et al (1994) Establishment of a small animal model for human Helicobacter pylori infection using germ-free mouse. Am J Gastroenterol 89:208–213

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Marchetti M, Arico B, Burroni D, et al (1995) Development of a mouse model of Helicobacter pylori infection that mimics human disease. Science 267:1655–1658

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Fox JG, Li X, Cahill RJ, et al (1996) Hypertrophic gastropathy in Helicobacter felis-infected wild-type C57BL/6 mice and p53 hemizygous transgenic mice. Gastroenterology 110: 155–166

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Hirayama F, Takagi S, Yokoyama Y, et al (1996) Establishment of gastric Helicobacter pylori infection in Mongolian gerbils. J Gastroenterol 31(suppl 9):24–28

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Tatematsu M, Yamamoto M, Shimizu N, et al (1998) Induction of glandular stomach cancers in Helicobacter pylori-sensitive Mongolian gerbils treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in drinking water. Jpn J Cancer Res 89:97–104

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Sugiyama A, Maruta F, Ikeno T, et al (1998) Helicobacter pylori infection enhances Nmethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced stomach carcinogenesis in the Mongolian gerbil. Cancer Res 58:2067–2069

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Shimizu N, Inada K, Nakanishi H, et al (1999) Helicobacter pylori infection enhances glandular stomach carcinogenesis in Mongolian gerbils treated with chemical carcinogens. Carcinogenesis (Oxf) 20:669–676

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Shimizu N, Inada KI, Tsukamoto T, et al (1999) New animal model of glandular stomach carcinogenesis in Mongolian gerbils infected with Helicobacter pylori and treated with a chemical carcinogen. J Gastroenterol 34(suppl 11):61–66

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Stemmermann GN, Hayashi T (1968) Intestinal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa: a gross and microscopic study of its distribution in various disease states. J Natl Cancer Inst 41:627–634

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Morson BC (1955) Carcinoma arising from areas of intestinal metaplasia in the gastric mucosa. Br J Cancer 9:377–385

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Correa P (1992) Human gastric carcinogenesis: a multistep and multifactorial process: First American Cancer Society Award Lecture on Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. Cancer Res 52:6735–6740

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. You WC, Blot WJ, Li JY, et al (1993) Precancerous gastric lesions in a population at high risk of stomach cancer. Cancer Res 53:1317–1321

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Yuasa Y (2003) Control of gut differentiation and intestinal-type gastric carcinogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer 3:592–600

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Kawachi T, Kogure K, Tanaka N, et al (1974) Studies of intestinal metaplasia in the gastric mucosa by detection of disaccharidases with “Tes-Tape.” J Natl Cancer Inst 53:19–30

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Matsukura N, Suzuki K, Kawachi T, et al (1980) Distribution of marker enzymes and mucin in intestinal metaplasia in human stomach and relation to complete and incomplete types of intestinal metaplasia to minute gastric carcinomas. J Natl Cancer Inst 65:231–240

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Teglbjaerg PS, Nielsen HO (1978) “Small intestinal type” and “colonic type” intestinal metaplasia of the human stomach, and their relationship to the histogenetic types of gastric adenocarcinoma. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [A] 86A:351–355

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Segura DI, Montero C (1983) Histochemical characterization of different types of intestinal metaplasia in gastric mucosa. Cancer (Phila) 52:498–503

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Jass JR, Filipe MI (1979) A variant of intestinal metaplasia associated with gastric carcinoma: a histochemical study. Histopathology (Oxf) 3:191–199

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Tatematsu M, Tsukamoto T, Inada K (2003) Stem cells and gastric cancer: role of gastric and intestinal mixed intestinal metaplasia. Cancer Sci 94:135–141

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Porter EM, van Dam E, Valore EV, et al (1997) Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of human intestinal defensin 5. Infect Immun 65:2396–2401

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Porter EM, Liu L, Oren A, et al (1997) Localization of human intestinal defensin 5 in Paneth cell granules. Infect Immun 65:2389–2395

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Inada K, Nakanishi H, Fujimitsu Y, et al (1997) Gastric and intestinal mixed and solely intestinal types of intestinal metaplasia in the human stomach. Pathol Int 47:831–841

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Yuasa H, Inada K, Watanabe H, et al (2002) A phenotypic shift from gastric-intestinal to solely intestinal cell types in intestinal metaplasia in rat stomach following treatment with X-rays. J Toxicol Pathol 15:85–93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Nozaki K, Shimizu N, Tsukamoto T, et al (2002) Reversibility of heterotopic proliferative glands in glandular stomach of Helicobacter pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils on eradication. Jpn J Cancer Res 93:374–381

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Hattori T, Fujita S (1979) Tritiated thymidine autoradiographic study on histogenesis and spreading of intestinal metaplasia in human stomach. Pathol Res Pract 164:224–237

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Hattori T, Helpap B, Gedigk P (1982) The morphology and cell kinetics of pseudopyloric glands. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Mol Pathol 39:31–40

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Karam SM, Leblond CP (1993) Dynamics of epithelial cells in the corpus of the mouse stomach. I. Identification of proliferative cell types and pinpointing of the stem cell. Anat Rec 236:259–279

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Ponder BA, Schmidt GH, Wilkinson MM, et al (1985) Derivation of mouse intestinal crypts from single progenitor cells. Nature (Lond) 313:689–691

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Tatematsu M, Fukami H, Yamamoto M, et al (1994) Clonal analysis of glandular stomach carcinogenesis in C3H/HeN↔BALB/c chimeric mice treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Cancer Lett 83:37–42

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Tatematsu M, Masui T, Fukami H, et al (1996) Primary monoclonal and secondary polyclonal growth of colon neoplastic lesions in C3H/HeN⇔BALB/c chimeric mice treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine immunohistochemical detection of C3H strain-specific antigen and simple sequence length polymorphism analysis of DNA. Int J Cancer 66:234–238

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Inada K, Tanaka H, Nakanishi H, et al (2001) Identification of Paneth cells in pyloric glands associated with gastric and intestinal mixed-type intestinal metaplasia of the human stomach. Virchows Arch 439:14–20

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Mallo GV, Rechreche H, Frigerio JM, et al (1997) Molecular cloning, sequencing and expression of the mRNA encoding human Cdx1 and Cdx2 homeobox. Down-regulation of Cdx1 and Cdx2 mRNA expression during colorectal carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer 74:35–44

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Silberg DG, Sullivan J, Kang E, et al (2002) Cdx2 ectopic expression induces gastric intestinal metaplasia in transgenic mice. Gastroenterology 122:689–696

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Silberg DG, Swain GP, Suh ER, et al (2000) Cdx1 and cdx2 expression during intestinal development. Gastroenterology 119:961–971

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Soubeyran P, Andre F, Lissitzky JC, et al (1999) Cdx1 promotes differentiation in a rat intestinal epithelial cell line. Gastroenterology 117:1326–1338

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Eda A, Osawa H, Yanaka I, et al (2002) Expression of homeobox gene CDX2 precedes that of CDX1 during the progression of intestinal metaplasia. J Gastroenterol 37:94–100

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Mutoh H, Hakamata Y, Sato K, et al (2002) Conversion of gastric mucosa to intestinal metaplasia in Cdx2-expressing transgenic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 294:470–479

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Mizoshita T, Inada K, Tsukamoto T, et al (2001) Expression of Cdx1 and Cdx2 mRNAs and relevance of this expression to differentiation in human gastrointestinal mucosa—with special emphasis on participation in intestinal metaplasia of the human stomach. Gastric Cancer 4:185–191

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Silberg DG, Furth EE, Taylor JK, et al (1997) CDX1 protein expression in normal, metaplastic, and neoplastic human alimentary tract epithelium. Gastroenterology 113:478–486

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Almeida R, Silva E, Santos-Silva F, et al (2003) Expression of intestine-specific transcription factors, CDX1 and CDX2, in intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinomas. J Pathol 199:36–40

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Mizoshita T, Tsukamoto T, Inada K, et al (2004) Immunohistochemically detectable Cdx2 is present in intestinal phenotypic elements in early gastric cancers of both differentiated and undifferentiated types, with no correlation to non-neoplastic surrounding mucosa. Pathol Int 54:392–400

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Ishii Y, Rex M, Scotting PJ, et al (1998) Region-specific expression of chicken Sox2 in the developing gut and lung epithelium: regulation by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Dev Dyn 213:464–475

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Yasugi S (2000) Epithelial cell differentiation during stomach development. Hum Cell 13: 177–184

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Tsukamoto T, Inada K, Tanaka H, et al (2004) Down regulation of a gastric transcription factor, Sox2, and ectopic expression of intestinal homeobox genes, Cdx1 and Cdx2: inverse correlation during progression from gastric/intestinal-mixed to complete intestinal metaplasia. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 130:135–145

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Lauren P (1965) The two histological main types of gastric carcinoma: diffuse and socalled intestinal-type carcinoma: an attempt at a histo-clinical classification. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 64:31–49

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Nakamura K, Sugano H, Takagi K (1968) Carcinoma of the stomach in incipient phase: its histogenesis and histological appearances. Gann 59:251–258

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Correa P (1988) A human model of gastric carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 48:3554–3560

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Correa P (1995) Helicobacter pylori and gastric carcinogenesis. Am J Surg Pathol 19(suppl 1):S37–S43

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Egashira Y, Shimoda T, Ikegami M (1999) Mucin histochemical analysis of minute gastric differentiated adenocarcinoma. Pathol Int 49:55–61

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Koseki K, Takizawa T, Koike M, et al (2000) Distinction of differentiated type early gastric carcinoma with gastric type mucin expression. Cancer (Phila) 89:724–732

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Kawachi H, Takizawa T, Eishi Y, et al (2003) Absence of either gastric or intestinal phenotype in microscopic differentiated gastric carcinomas. J Pathol 199:436–446

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Tatematsu M, Furihata C, Katsuyama T, et al (1983) Independent induction of intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer in rats treated with N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Cancer Res 43:1335–1341

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Tatematsu M, Katsuyama T, Furihata C, et al (1984) Stable intestinal phenotypic expression of gastric and small intestinal tumor cells induced by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or methylnitrosourea in rats. Gann 75:957–965

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Tatematsu M, Furihata C, Katsuyama T, et al (1986) Gastric and intestinal phenotypic expressions of human signet ring cell carcinomas revealed by their biochemistry, mucin histochemistry, and ultrastructure. Cancer Res 46:4866–4872

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Hattori T (1986) Development of adenocarcinomas in the stomach. Cancer (Phila) 57: 1528–1534

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Tatematsu M, Ichinose M, Miki K, et al (1990) Gastric and intestinal phenotypic expression of human stomach cancers as revealed by pepsinogen immunohistochemistry and mucin histochemistry. Acta Pathol Jpn 40:494–504

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Kushima R, Hattori T (1993) Histogenesis and characteristics of gastric-type adenocarcinomas in the stomach. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 120:103–111

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Nomura S, Kaminishi M, Sugiyama K, et al (1998) Clonal analysis of isolated intestinal metaplastic glands of stomach using X linked polymorphism. Gut 42:663–668

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Saito A, Shimoda T, Nakanishi Y, et al (2001) Histologic heterogeneity and mucin phenotypic expression in early gastric cancer. Pathol Int 51:165–171

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Furihata C, Iwasaki Y, Sugimura T, et al (1973) Differentiation of pepsinogen-producing cells in the fundic and pyloric mucosa of developing rats. Cell Differ 2:179–189

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Furihata C, Saito D, Fujiki H, et al (1980) Purification and characterization of pepsinogens and a unique pepsin from rat stomach. Eur J Biochem 105:43–50

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Furihata C, Kawachi T, Sugimura T (1972) Premature induction of pepsinogen in developing rat gastric mucosa by hormones. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 47:705–711

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Furihata C, Sasajima K, Kazama S, et al (1975) Changes in pepsinogen isozymes in stomach carcinogenesis induced in rats by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. J Natl Cancer Inst 55:925–930

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Tatematsu M, Saito D, Furihata C, et al (1980) Initial DNA damage and heritable permanent change in pepsinogen isoenzyme pattern in the pyloric mucosae of rats after short-term administration of N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. J Natl Cancer Inst 64:775–781

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Tatematsu M, Furihata C, Hirose M, et al (1977) Changes in pepsinogen isozymes in stomach cancers induced in Wistar rats by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and in transplantable gastric carcinoma (SG2B). J Natl Cancer Inst 58:1709–1716

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Tatematsu M, Furihata C, Mera Y, et al (1986) Immunohistochemical demonstration of induction of pyloric glands with low pepsinogen 1 (Pg 1) content in rat stomach by Nmethyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Jpn J Cancer Res 77:238–243

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Tatematsu M, Furihata C, Katsuyama T, et al (1987) Immunohistochemical demonstration of pyloric gland-type cells with low-pepsinogen isozyme 1 in preneoplastic and neoplastic tissues of rat stomachs treated with N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. J Natl Cancer Inst 78:771–777

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Tatematsu M, Aoki T, Inoue T, et al (1988) Coefficient induction of pepsinogen 1-decreased pyloric glands and gastric cancers in five different strains of rats treated with N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Carcinogenesis (Oxf) 9:495–498

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Tatematsu M, Mutai M, Aoki T, et al (1989) Proliferation kinetics of pepsinogen altered pyloric gland cells in rats treated with N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Carcinogenesis (Oxf) 10:907–911

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Tatematsu M, Ozaki K, Mutai M, et al (1990) Enhancing effects of various gastric carcinogens on development of pepsinogen-altered pyloric glands in rats. Carcinogenesis (Oxf) 11:1975–1978

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Tatematsu M, Ichinose M, Tsukada S, et al (1993) DNA methylation of the pepsinogen 1 gene during rat glandular stomach carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or catechol. Carcinogenesis (Oxf) 14:1415–1419

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Yamamoto M, Furihata C, Fujimitsu Y, et al (1997) Dose-dependent induction of both pepsinogen-altered pyloric glands and adenocarcinomas in the glandular stomach of C3H mice treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Jpn J Cancer Res 88:238–244

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Yamamoto M, Furihata C, Ogiu T, et al (2002) Independent variation in susceptibilities of six different mouse strains to induction of pepsinogen-altered pyloric glands and gastric tumor intestinalization by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Cancer Lett 179:121–132

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Tajima K, Tominaga S (1985) Dietary habits and gastro-intestinal cancers: a comparative case-control study of stomach and large intestinal cancers in Nagoya, Japan. Jpn J Cancer Res 76:705–716

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. Tsugane S, Tsuda M, Gey F, et al (1992) Cross-sectional study with multiple measurements of biological markers for assessing stomach cancer risks at the population level. Environ Health Perspect 98:207–210

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Joossens JV, Hill MJ, Elliott P, et al (1996) Dietary salt, nitrate and stomach cancer mortality in 24 countries. European Cancer Prevention (ECP) and the INTERSALT Cooperative Research Group. Int J Epidemiol 25:494–504

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Kono S, Hirohata T (1996) Nutrition and stomach cancer. Cancer Causes Control 7:41–55

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Tatematsu M, Takahashi M, Fukushima S, et al (1975) Effects in rats of sodium chloride on experimental gastric cancers induced by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. J Natl Cancer Inst 55:101–106

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Takahashi M, Nishikawa A, Furukawa F, et al (1994) Dose-dependent promoting effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) on rat glandular stomach carcinogenesis initiated with N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Carcinogenesis (Oxf) 15:1429–1432

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Furihata C, Ohta H, Katsuyama T (1996) Cause and effect between concentration-dependent tissue damage and temporary cell proliferation in rat stomach mucosa by NaCl, a stomach tumor promoter. Carcinogenesis (Oxf) 17:401–406

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Nozaki K, Shimizu N, Inada K, et al (2002) Synergistic promoting effects of Helicobacter pylori infection and high-salt diet on gastric carcinogenesis in Mongolian gerbils. Jpn J Cancer Res 93:1083–1089

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Comfort MW, Kelsey MP, Berkson J (1947) Gastric acidity before and after the development of carcinoma of the stomach. J Natl Cancer Inst 7:367–373

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Gilbertsen VA, Knatterud GL (1967) Gastric analysis as a screening measure for cancer of the stomach. Cancer (Phila) 20:127–133

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Segal HL, Samloff IM (1973) Gastric cancer—increased frequency in patients with achlorhydria. Am J Dig Dis 18:295–299

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Fischer A, Clagett OT, McDonald JR (1947) Coexistent duodenal ulcer and gastric malignancy. Surgery (St. Louis) 21:168–174

    Google Scholar 

  123. Portis SA, Jaffe RH (1938) A study of peptic ulcer based on necropsy records. JAMA 110:6–13

    Google Scholar 

  124. Bralow SP, Gruenstein M, Meranze DR, et al (1970) Adenocarcinoma of glandular stomach and duodenum in Wistar rats ingesting N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, histopathology and associated secretory changes. Cancer Res 30:1215–1222

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Tatsuta M, Itoh T, Okuda S, et al (1977) Effect of prolonged administration of gastrin on experimental carcinogenesis in rat stomach induced by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Cancer Res 37:1808–1810

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Tatsuta M, Itoh T, Okuda S, et al (1980) Effects of gastrin and histamine on gastric carcinogenesis induced in rats by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Eur J Cancer 16: 631–638

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Tatsuta M, Yamamura H, Taniguchi H, et al (1982) Gastrin protection against chemically induced gastric adenocarcinomas in Wistar rats: histopathology of the glandular stomach and incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 69:59–66

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Tahara E, Haizuka S (1975) Effect of gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine hormones on the histogenesis of gastric cancer in rats induced by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine; with special reference to development of scirrhous gastric cancer. Gann 66:421–426

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Perkin DM, Muir CS, Whelon SL, et al (1992) Cancer incidence in five continents. IARC Scientific Publication 120, vol 6. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon,1–1033

    Google Scholar 

  130. Furukawa H, Iwanaga T, Koyama H, et al (1982) Effect of sex hormones on carcinogenesis in the stomachs of rats. Cancer Res 42:5181–5182

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  131. Palli D, Cipriani F, Decarli A, et al (1994) Reproductive history and gastric cancer among post-menopausal women. Int J Cancer 56:812–815

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Singh S, Poulsom R, Wright NA, et al (1997) Differential expression of oestrogen receptor and oestrogen inducible genes in gastric mucosa and cancer. Gut 40:516–520

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Sica V, Nola E, Contieri E, et al (1984) Estradiol and progesterone receptors in malignant gastrointestinal tumors. Cancer Res 44:4670–4674

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Tokunaga A, Nishi K, Matsukura N, et al (1986) Estrogen and progesterone receptors in gastric cancer. Cancer (Phila) 57:1376–1379

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Wu CW, Chi CW, Chang TJ, et al (1990) Sex hormone receptors in gastric cancer. Cancer (Phila) 65:1396–1400

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Yokozaki H, Takekura N, Takanashi A, et al (1988) Estrogen receptors in gastric adenocarcinoma: a retrospective immunohistochemical analysis. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 413:297–302

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Uehara Y, Takahashi T, Kojima O, et al (1986) Peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining for estrogen and progesterone in scirrhous type of gastric cancer: possible existence of the estrogen receptor. Jpn J Surg 16:245–249

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Wu CW, Chang HM, Kao HL, et al (1992) The nontransformed progesterone and estrogen receptors in gastric cancer. Gastroenterology 102:1639–1646

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  139. Karat D, Brotherick I, Shenton BK, et al (1999) Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in gastric cancer: a flow cytometric study. Br J Cancer 80:1271–1274

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  140. Moyer MP, Armstrong A, Aust JB, et al (1986) Effects of gastrin, glutamine, and somatostatin on the in vitro growth of normal and malignant human gastric mucosal cells. Arch Surg 121:285–288

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. Tatsuta M, Iishi H, Baba M, et al (1989) Enhancement by somatostatin of experimental gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats. Cancer Res 49:5534–5536

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Dharmsathaphorn K, Binder HJ, Dobbins JW (1980) Somatostatin stimulates sodium and chloride absorption in the rabbit ileum. Gastroenterology 78:1559–1565

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Shapiro B, Pienta K, Heldsinger A, et al (1981) Somatostatin is an agonist and noncompetitive antagonist of gastrin in oxyntic cell function. Endocrinology 109:1117–1121

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. Iishi H, Tatsuta M, Baba M, et al (1993) Enhancement by thyroxine of gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats. Br J Cancer 68: 515–518

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  145. Adeniyi KO, Olowookorun MO (1989) Gastric acid secretion and parietal cell mass: effects of thyroidectomy and thyroxine. Am J Physiol 256:G975–G978

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Feurle GE, Muller B, Ohnheiser G, et al (1985) Action of neurotensin on size, composition, and growth of pancreas and stomach in the rat. Regul Pept 13:53–62

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Feurle GE, Muller B, Rix E (1987) Neurotensin induces hyperplasia of the pancreas and growth of the gastric antrum in rats. Gut 28(suppl):19–23

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  148. Tatsuta M, Iishi H, Baba M, et al (1989) Promotion by neurotensin of gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats. Cancer Res 49:843–846

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  149. Gespach C, Hui Bon Hoa D, Rosselin G (1983) Regulation by vasoactive intestinal peptide, histamine, somatostatin-14 and-28 of cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in gastric glands isolated from the guinea pig fundus or antrum. Endocrinology 112:1597–1606

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. Emami S, Gespach C, Forgue-Lafitte ME, et al (1983) Histamine and VIP interactions with receptor-cyclic AMP systems in the human gastric cancer cell line HGT-1. Life Sci 33: 415–423

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  151. Iishi H, Tatsuta M, Baba M, et al (1992) Enhancement by vaso-active intestinal peptide of gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in rats. Int J Cancer 50:649–652

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  152. Kobori O, Vuillot MT, Martin F (1982) Growth responses of rat stomach cancer cells to gastro-entero-pancreatic hormones. Int J Cancer 30:65–67

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  153. Tatsuta M, Iishi H, Baba M, et al (1995) Promotion by substance P of gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats. Cancer Lett 96: 99–103

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  154. Stalsberg H, Taksdal S (1971) Stomach cancer following gastric surgery for benign conditions. Lancet 2:1175–1177

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  155. Schrumpf E, Serck-Hanssen A, Stadaas J, et al (1977) Mucosal changes in the gastric stump 20–25 years after partial gastrectomy. Lancet 2:467–469

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  156. Savage A, Jones S (1979) Histological appearances of the gastric mucosa 15–27 years after partial gastrectomy. J Clin Pathol 32:179–186

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  157. Saegesser F, James D (1972) Cancer of the gastric stump after partial gastrectomy (Billroth II principle) for ulcer. Cancer (Phila) 29:1150–1159

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  158. Furihata C, Takezawa R, Matsushima T, et al (1987) Potential tumor-promoting activity of bile acids in rat glandular stomach. Jpn J Cancer Res 78:32–39

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  159. Kobori O, Shimizu T, Maeda M, et al (1984) Enhancing effect of bile and bile acid on stomach tumorigenesis induced by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats. J Natl Cancer Inst 73:853–861

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  160. Kobori O, Watanabe J, Shimizu T, et al (1984) Enhancing effect of sodium taurocholate on N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced stomach tumorigenesis in rats. Gann 75: 651–654

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  161. Salmon RJ, Laurent M, Thierry JP (1984) Effect of taurocholic acid feeding on methyl-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine induced gastric tumors. Cancer Lett 22:315–320

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  162. Yamaguchi S, Tatematsu M, Furihata C, et al (1990) Effects of bile acids on development of pepsinogen-altered pyloric glands in rats. Cancer Lett 55:129–134

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  163. Salmon RJ, Merle S, Zafrani B, et al (1985) Gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine: role of gastrectomy and duodenal reflux. Jpn J Cancer Res 76: 167–172

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  164. Sano C, Kumashiro R, Saito T, et al (1984) Promoting effect of partial gastrectomy on carcinogenesis in the remnant stomach of rats after oral administration of N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Oncology 41:124–128

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  165. Kondo K, Suzuki H, Nagayo T (1984) The influence of gastro-jejunal anastomosis on gastric carcinogenesis in rats. Gann 75:362–369

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  166. Langhans P, Heger RA, Hohenstein J, et al (1981) Gastric stump carcinoma—new aspects deduced from experimental results. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 67:161–164

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  167. Kobayasi S, Tatematsu M, Ogawa K, et al (1991) Reversibility of adenomatous hyperplasia in the gastric stump after diversion of bile reflux in rats. Carcinogenesis (Oxf) 12: 1437–1443

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  168. Mason RC (1986) Duodenogastric reflux in rat gastric carcinoma. Br J Surg 73:801–803

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  169. Tatematsu M, Imaeda, K (1989) Tumors of the glandular stomach. In: Stinson SF, Schuller HM, Reznik GK (eds) Atlas of tumor pathology of the Fischer rat. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 95–115

    Google Scholar 

  170. Imai T, Kobayasi S, Rodrigues MA, et al (1993) Reduction of cell proliferative activities of gastric stump adenomatous hyperplasias after bile reflux diversion in rats. Carcinogenesis (Oxf) 14:1765–1769

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  171. Asaka M, Kimura T, Kudo M, et al (1992) Relationship of Helicobacter pylori to serum pepsinogens in an asymptomatic Japanese population. Gastroenterology 102:760–766

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  172. Uemura N, Okamoto S, Yamamoto S, et al (2001) Helicobacter pylori infection and the development of gastric cancer. N Engl J Med 345:784–789

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  173. Cao X, Tsukamoto T, Nozaki K, et al (2002) Earlier Helicobacter pylori infection increases the risk for the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced stomach carcinogenesis in Mongolian gerbils. Jpn J Cancer Res 93:1293–1298

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  174. Malaty HM, El-Kasabany A, Graham DY, et al (2002) Age at acquisition of Helicobacter pylori infection: a follow-up study from infancy to adulthood. Lancet 359:931–935

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  175. Correa P, Fontham ET, Bravo JC, et al (2000) Chemoprevention of gastric dysplasia: randomized trial of antioxidant supplements and anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 92:1881–1888

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  176. Shimizu N, Ikehara Y, Inada K, et al (2000) Eradication diminishes enhancing effects of Helicobacter pylori infection on glandular stomach carcinogenesis in Mongolian gerbils. Cancer Res 60:1512–1514

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  177. Watanabe T, Tada M, Nagai H, et al (1998) Helicobacter pylori infection induces gastric cancer in Mongolian gerbils. Gastroenterology 115:642–648

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  178. Honda S, Fujioka T, Tokieda M, et al (1998) Development of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinoma in Mongolian gerbils. Cancer Res 58:4255–4259

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  179. Hirayama F, Takagi S, Iwao E, et al (1999) Development of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and carcinoid due to long-term Helicobacter pylori colonization in Mongolian gerbils. J Gastroenterol 34:450–454

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  180. Sugano H, Nakamura K, Kato Y (1982) Pathological studies of human gastric cancer. Acta Pathol Jpn 32(suppl 2):329–347

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  181. Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (1998) Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma, 2nd English edn. Gastric Cancer 1:10–24

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  182. Tatematsu M, Hasegawa R, Ogawa K, et al (1992) Histogenesis of human stomach cancers based on assessment of differentiation. J Clin Gastroenterol 14(suppl 1):S1–S7

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  183. Yoshikawa A, Inada Ki K, Yamachika T, et al (1998) Phenotypic shift in human differentiated gastric cancers from gastric to intestinal epithelial cell type during disease progression. Gastric Cancer 1:134–141

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  184. Tajima Y, Shimoda T, Nakanishi Y, et al (2001) Gastric and intestinal phenotypic marker expression in gastric carcinomas and its prognostic significance: immunohistochemical analysis of 136 lesions. Oncology 61:212–220

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  185. Bamba M, Sugihara H, Kushima R, et al (2001) Time-dependent expression of intestinal phenotype in signet ring cell carcinomas of the human stomach. Virchows Arch 438:49–56

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  186. Mizoshita T, Tsukamoto T, Nakanishi H, et al (2003) Expression of Cdx2 and the phenotype of advanced gastric cancers: relationship with prognosis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 129:727–734

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  187. Mizoshita T, Inada K, Tsukamoto T, et al (2004) Expression of the intestine-specific transcription factors, Cdx1 and Cdx2, correlates shift to an intestinal phenotype in gastric cancer cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 130:29–36

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  188. Hattori T, Hosokawa Y, Fukuda M, et al (1984) Analysis of DNA ploidy patterns of gastric carcinomas of Japanese. Cancer (Phila) 54:1591–1597

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  189. Korenaga D, Haraguchi M, Okamura T, et al (1989) DNA ploidy and tumor invasion in human gastric cancer. Histopathologic differentiation. Arch Surg (Phila) 124:314–318

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  190. Hattori T, Sugihara H, Fukuda M, et al (1986) DNA ploidy patterns of minute carcinomas in the stomach. Jpn J Cancer Res 77:276–281

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  191. Kuniyasu H, Yasui W, Kitadai Y, et al (1992) Frequent amplification of the c-met gene in scirrhous type stomach cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 189:227–232

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  192. Nakatani H, Sakamoto H, Yoshida T, et al (1990) Isolation of an amplified DNA sequence in stomach cancer. Jpn J Cancer Res 81:707–710

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  193. Yokota J, Yamamoto T, Miyajima N, et al (1988) Genetic alterations of the c-erbB-2 oncogene occur frequently in tubular adenocarcinoma of the stomach and are often accompanied by amplification of the v-erbA homologue. Oncogene 2:283–287

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  194. Yoshida K, Tsuda T, Matsumura T, et al (1989) Amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene and oncogenes in human gastric carcinomas. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Mol Pathol 57:285–290

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Tsujimoto H, Sugihara H, Hagiwara A, et al (1997) Amplification of growth factor receptor genes and DNA ploidy pattern in the progression of gastric cancer. Virchows Arch 431: 383–389

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  196. Kusakabe M, Yokoyama M, Sakakura T, et al (1988) A novel methodology for analysis of cell distribution in chimeric mouse organs using a strain specific antibody. J Cell Biol 107:257–265

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  197. Lee GH, Nomura K, Kanda H, et al (1991) Strain specific sensitivity to diethylnitrosamine-induced carcinogenesis is maintained in hepatocytes of C3H/HeN in equilibrium with C57BL/6N chimeric mice. Cancer Res 51:3257–3260

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  198. Yamachika T, Inada K, Fujimitsu Y, et al (1997) Intestinalization of gastric signet ring cell carcinomas with progression. Virchows Arch 431:103–110

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  199. Tatematsu M, Katsuyama T, Fukushima S, et al (1980) Mucin histochemistry by paradoxical concanavalin A staining in experimental gastric cancers induced in Wistar rats by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. J Natl Cancer Inst 64:835–843

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  200. Tatematsu M, Katsuyama T, Furihata C, et al (1990) Cellular differentiation and histogenesis of rat glandular stomach cancers. Jpn J Cancer Res 81:760–767

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  201. Yuasa H, Hirano K, Kodama H, et al (1994) Immunohistochemical demonstration of intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase in stomach tumors induced by N-methyl-N′-nitro-Nnitrosoguanidine in rats. Jpn J Cancer Res 85:897–903

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  202. Matsukuma A, Mori M, Enjoji M (1990) Sulphomucin-secreting intestinal metaplasia in the human gastric mucosa. An association with intestinal-type gastric carcinoma. Cancer (Phila) 66:689–694

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  203. Sugihara H, Hattori T, Fukuda M, et al (1987) Cell proliferation and differentiation in intramucosal and advanced signet ring cell carcinomas of the human stomach. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 411:117–127

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  204. Fujimori Y, Akamatsu T, Ota H, et al (1995) Proliferative markers in gastric carcinoma and organoid differentiation. Hum Pathol 26:725–734

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  205. Salenius P (1962) On the ontogenesis of the human gastric epithelial cells. A histologic and histochemical study. Acta Anat (Basel) 50(suppl 46):1–76

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. Bai YQ, Yamamoto H, Akiyama Y, et al (2002) Ectopic expression of homeodomain protein CDX2 in intestinal metaplasia and carcinomas of the stomach. Cancer Lett 176:47–55

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  207. Seno H, Oshima M, Taniguchi MA, et al (2002) CDX2 expression in the stomach with intestinal metaplasia and intestinal-type cancer: prognostic implications. Int J Oncol 21: 769–774

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  208. Li XL, Eishi Y, Bai YQ, et al (2004) Expression of the SRY-related HMG box protein SOX2 in human gastric carcinoma. Int J Oncol 24:257–263

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  209. Kono S, Ikeda M, Tokudome S, et al (1988) A case-control study of gastric cancer and diet in northern Kyushu, Japan. Jpn J Cancer Res 79:1067–1074

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  210. Weisburger JH (1991) Nutritional approach to cancer prevention with emphasis on vitamins, antioxidants, and carotenoids. Am J Clin Nutr 53:226S–237S

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  211. Fujita Y, Yamane T, Tanaka M, et al (1989) Inhibitory effect of (—)-epigallocatechin gallate on carcinogenesis with N-ethyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in mouse duodenum. Jpn J Cancer Res 80:503–505

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  212. Narisawa T, Fukaura Y (1993) A very low dose of green tea polyphenols in drinking water prevents N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced colon carcinogenesis in F344 rats. Jpn J Cancer Res 84:1007–1009

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  213. Mukhtar H, Das M, Khan WA, et al (1988) Exceptional activity of tannic acid among naturally occurring plant phenols in protecting against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-, benzo(a)pyrene-, 3-methylcholanthrene-, and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced skin tumorigenesis in mice. Cancer Res 48:2361–2365

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  214. Wang ZY, Huang MT, Ferraro T, et al (1992) Inhibitory effect of green tea in the drinking water on tumorigenesis by ultraviolet light and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in the skin of SKH-1 mice. Cancer Res 52:1162–1170

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  215. Conney AH, Wang ZY, Huang MT, et al (1992) Inhibitory effect of green tea on tumorigenesis by chemicals and ultraviolet light. Prev Med 21:361–369

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  216. Xu Y, Ho CT, Amin SG, et al (1992) Inhibition of tobacco-specific nitrosamine-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice by green tea and its major polyphenol as antioxidants. Cancer Res 52:3875–3879

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  217. Katiyar SK, Agarwal R, Zaim MT, et al (1993) Protection against N-nitrosodiethylamine and benzo[a]pyrene-induced forestomach and lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice by green tea. Carcinogenesis (Oxf) 14:849–855

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  218. Yamane T, Takahashi T, Kuwata K, et al (1995) Inhibition of N-methyl-N′-nitro-Nnitrosoguanidine-induced carcinogenesis by (—)-epigallocatechin gallate in the rat glandular stomach. Cancer Res 55:2081–2084

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  219. Komori A, Yatsunami J, Okabe S, et al (1993) Anticarcinogenic activity of green tea polyphenols. Jpn J Clin Oncol 23:186–190

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  220. Hibasami H, Komiya T, Achiwa Y, et al (1998) Induction of apoptosis in human stomach cancer cells by green tea catechins. Oncol Rep 5:527–529

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  221. Ahmad N, Feyes DK, Nieminen AL, et al (1997) Green tea constituent epigallocatechin-3-gallate and induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human carcinoma cells. J Natl Cancer Inst 89:1881–1886

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  222. Okabe S, Ochiai Y, Aida M, et al (1999) Mechanistic aspects of green tea as a cancer preventive: effect of components on human stomach cancer cell lines. Jpn J Cancer Res 90: 733–739

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  223. Nozaki K, Shimizu N, Ikehara Y, et al (2003) Effect of early eradication on Helicobacter pylori-related gastric carcinogenesis in Mongolian gerbils. Cancer Sci 94:235–239

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  224. Labenz J, Blum AL, Bayerdorffer E, et al (1997) Curing Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with duodenal ulcer may provoke reflux esophagitis. Gastroenterology 112: 1442–1447

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  225. Naef AP, Savary M, Ozzello L (1975) Columnar-lined lower esophagus: an acquired lesion with malignant predisposition. Report on 140 cases of Barrett’s esophagus with 12 adenocarcinomas. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 70:826–835

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  226. Tsugane S, Sasazuki S, Kobayashi M, et al (2004) Salt and salted food intake and subsequent risk of gastric cancer among middle-aged Japanese men and women. Br J Cancer 90: 128–134

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan

    Masae Tatematsu, Tetsuya Tsukamoto & Tsutomu Mizoshita

Authors
  1. Masae Tatematsu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tetsuya Tsukamoto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tsutomu Mizoshita
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Surgical Metabolic Care and Endocrine Surgery, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan

    Michio Kaminishi M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Human Tissue Research Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan

    Kaiyo Takubo M.D., Ph.D.

  3. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan

    Ken-ichi Mafune M.D., Ph.D., F.A.C.S.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag Tokyo

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tatematsu, M., Tsukamoto, T., Mizoshita, T. (2005). History of Gastric Carcinoma Research in Japan: Basic Aspects. In: Kaminishi, M., Takubo, K., Mafune, Ki. (eds) The Diversity of Gastric Carcinoma. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/4-431-27713-7_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/4-431-27713-7_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo

  • Print ISBN: 978-4-431-21139-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-4-431-27713-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation