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Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 248 pp 1–80Cite as

The Toxicity of Nanoparticles to Organisms in Freshwater

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Part of the book series: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ((RECT,volume 248))

Abstract

Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing industry yielding many benefits to society. However, aquatic environments are at risk as increasing amounts of nanoparticles (NPs) are contaminating waterbodies causing adverse effects on aquatic organisms. In this review, the impacts of environmental exposure to NPs, the influence of the physicochemical characteristics of NPs and the surrounding environment on toxicity and mechanisms of toxicity together with NP bioaccumulation and trophic transfer are assessed with a focus on their impacts on bacteria, algae and daphnids. We identify several gaps which need urgent attention in order to make sound decisions to protect the environment. These include uncertainty in both estimated and measured environmental concentrations of NPs for reliable risk assessment and for regulating the NP industry. In addition toxicity tests and risk assessment methodologies specific to NPs are still at the research and development stage. Also conflicting and inconsistent results on physicochemical characteristics and the fate and transport of NPs in the environment suggest the need for further research. Finally, improved understanding of the mechanisms of NP toxicity is crucial in risk assessment of NPs, since conventional toxicity tests may not reflect the risks associated with NPs. Behavioural effects may be more sensitive and would be efficient in certain situations compared with conventional toxicity tests due to low NP concentrations in field conditions. However, the development of such tests is still lacking, and further research is recommended.

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Acknowledgements

This material is based upon work which was supported by the Australian Government to Sam Lekamge through an “Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship”. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Australian Government.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ecotoxicology Research Group, Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia

    Sam Lekamge & Dayanthi Nugegoda

  2. Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia

    Andrew S. Ball

  3. Nanobiotechnology Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Ravi Shukla

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  1. Sam Lekamge
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Correspondence to Sam Lekamge .

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    Pim de Voogt

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Lekamge, S., Ball, A.S., Shukla, R., Nugegoda, D. (2018). The Toxicity of Nanoparticles to Organisms in Freshwater. In: de Voogt, P. (eds) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 248. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol 248. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2018_18

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