Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are present in almost all environments due to their high bioaccumulation potential. Especially species that adapted to human activities, like gulls, might be exposed to harmful concentrations of these chemicals. The nature and degree of the exposure to POPs greatly vary between individual gulls, due to their diverse foraging behavior and specialization in certain foraging tactics. Therefore, in order clarify the effect of POP-contaminated areas on gull populations, it is important to identify the sources of POP contamination in individual gulls. Conventional sampling methods applied when studying POP contamination are destructive and ethically undesired. The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the potential of using feathers as a nondestructive method to determine sources of POP contamination in individual gulls. The reviewed data showed that high concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs in feathers together with a large proportion of less bioaccumulative congeners may indicate that the contamination originates from landfills. Low PCB and PBDE concentrations in feathers and a large proportion of more bioaccumulative congeners could indicate that the contamination originates from marine prey. We propose a nondestructive approach to identify the source of contamination in individual gulls based on individual contamination levels and PCB and PBDE congener profiles in feathers. Despite some uncertainties that might be reduced by future research, we conclude that especially when integrated with other methods like GPS tracking and the analysis of stable isotopic signatures, identifying the source of POP contamination based on congener profiles in feathers could become a powerful nondestructive method.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- DDE:
-
1,1′-(2,2-Dichloro-1,1-ethenediyl)bis(4-chlorobenzene)
- DDT:
-
1,1′-(2,2,2-Trichloro-1,1-ethanediyl)bis(4-chlorobenzene)
- DecaBDE:
-
Decabromodiphenyl ether
- OCP:
-
Organochlorine pesticide
- PBDE:
-
Polybrominated diphenyl ether
- PCB 118:
-
2,3′,4,4′,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl
- PCB 153:
-
2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-Hexachlorobiphenyl
- PCB 52:
-
2,2′,5,5′-Tetrachlorobiphenyl
- PCB:
-
Polychlorinated biphenyl
- POP:
-
Persistent organic pollutant
References
Abbasi NA, Khan MU, Jaspers VLB et al (2015) Spatial and interspecific variation of accumulated trace metals between remote and urbane dwelling birds of Pakistan. Ecotoxicol Environ Safe 113:279–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.11.034
Abbasi NA, Eulaers I, Jaspers VLB et al (2016) Use of feathers to assess polychlorinated biphenyl and organochlorine pesticide exposure in top predatory bird species of Pakistan. Sci Total Environ 569–570:1408–1417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.224
Abdennadher A, Ramírez F, Romdhane MS et al (2014) Using a three-isotope Bayesian mixing model to assess the contribution of refuse dumps in the diet of yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis. Ardeola 61:297–309. https://doi.org/10.13157/arla.61.2.2014.297
Arizaga J, Aldalur A, Herrero A et al (2014) Foraging distances of a resident yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) population in relation to refuse management on a local scale. Eur J Wildl Res 60:171–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-013-0761-4
Arnot JA, Gobas FAPC (2003) A generic QSAR for assessing the bioaccumulation potential of organic chemicals in aquatic food webs. Qsar Comb Sci 22:337–345. https://doi.org/10.1002/qsar.200390023
Auman HJ, Bond AL, Meathrel CE, Richardson AMM (2011) Urbanization of the silver gull: evidence of anthropogenic feeding regimes from stable isotope analyses. Waterbirds 34:70–76. https://doi.org/10.1675/063.034.0108
Batty J, Leavitt RA, Biondot N, Polin D (1990) An ecotoxicological study of a population of the white footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) inhabiting a polychlorinated biphenyls-contaminated area. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 19:283–290
Baxter AT, Allan JR (2006) Use of raptors to reduce scavenging bird numbers at landfill sites. Wildl Soc Bull 34:1162–1168. https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[1162:uortrs]2.0.co;2
Behrooz RD, Esmaili-Sari A, Ghasempouri SM et al (2009) Organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl residues in feathers of birds from different trophic levels of South-West Iran. Environ Int 35:285–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2008.07.001
Belant JL (1997) Gulls in urban environments: landscape-level management to reduce conflict. Landsc Urban Plan 38:245–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00037-6
Belant JL, Seamans TW, Gabrey SW, Ickes SK (1993) Importance of a landfill to nesting herring gulls. Condor 95:817–830
Belant JL, Ickes SK, Seamans TW (1998) Importance of landfills to urban-nesting herring and ring-billed gulls. Landsc Urban Plan 43:11–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(98)00100-5
Bernhardt GE, Blackwell BF, Devault TL, Kutschbach-Brohl L (2010) Fatal injuries to birds from collisions with aircraft reveal anti-predator behaviours. Ibis 152:830–834. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2010.01043.x
Bicknell AWJ, Oro D, Camphuysen KCJ, Votier SC (2013) Potential consequences of discard reform for seabird communities. J Appl Ecol 50:649–658. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12072
Blanco G (1996) Population dynamics and communal roosting of White Storks foraging at a Spanish refuse dump. Colon Waterbirds 19:273–276
Boon JP, Eijgenraam F, Everaarts JM, Duinker JC (1989) A structure-activity relationship (SAR) approach towards metabolism of PCBs in marine animals from different trophic levels. Mar Environ Res 27:159–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(89)90022-6
Boon JP, Oostingh I, van der Meer J, Hillebrand MTJ (1994) A model for the bioaccumulation of chlorobiphenyl congeners in marine mammals. Eur J Pharmacol Environ Toxicol 270:237–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/0926-6917(94)90068-X
Borgå K, Gabrielsen GW, Skaare JU (2001) Biomagnification of organochlorines along a Barents Sea food chain. Environ Pollut 113:187–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00171-8
Borgå K, Fisk AT, Hoekstra PE, Muir DCG (2004) Biological and chemical factors of importance in the bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of persistent organochlorine contaminants in Arctic marine food webs. Environ Toxicol Chem 23:2367–2385. https://doi.org/10.1897/03-518
Borgå K, Wolkers H, Skaare JU et al (2005) Bioaccumulation of PCBs in Arctic seabirds: influence of dietary exposure and congener biotransformation. Environ Pollut 134:397–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.09.016
Bosch M, Oro D, Ruiz X (1994) Dependence of yellow-legged gulls (Larus cachinnans) on food from human activity in two Western Mediterranean colonies. Avocetta 18:135–139
Brousseau AP, Lefebvre J, Giroux J, Waterbirds SC (1996) Diet of Ring-billed Gull chicks in urban and non-urban colonies in Quebec. Waterbird Soc 19:22–30
Burreau S, Zebühr Y, Broman D, Ishaq R (2004) Biomagnification of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) studied in pike (Esox lucius), perch (Perca fluviatilis) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) from the Baltic Sea. Chemosphere 55:1043–1052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.12.018
Camphuysen KCJ, Shamoun-Baranes J, Van Loon EE, Bouten W (2015) Sexually distinct foraging strategies in an omnivorous seabird. Mar Biol 162:1417–1428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-015-2678-9
Caron-Beaudoin É, Gentes ML, Patenaude-Monette M et al (2013) Combined usage of stable isotopes and GPS-based telemetry to understand the feeding ecology of an omnivorous bird, the Ring-billed Gull (Larus delawarensis). Can J Zool 91:689–697. https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[122:SMDAFC]2.0.CO;2
de la Casa-Resino I, Hernández-Moreno D, Castellano A et al (2014) Breeding near a landfill may influence blood metals (Cd, Pb, Hg, Fe, Zn) and metalloids (Se, As) in white stork (Ciconia ciconia) nestlings. Ecotoxicology 23:1377–1386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1280-0
de la Casa-Resino I, Hernández-Moreno D, Castellano A et al (2015) Chlorinated pollutants in blood of White stork nestlings (Ciconia ciconia) in different colonies in Spain. Chemosphere 118:367–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.062
de Wit CA (2002) An overview of brominated flame retardants in the environment. Chemosphere 46:583–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00225-9
Chen D, Zhang X, Mai B et al (2009) Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in various bird species from northern China. Environ Pollut 157:2023–2029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.02.027
Chen D, Martin P, Burgess NM et al (2013) European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) suggest that landfills are an important source of bioaccumulative flame retardants to Canadian terrestrial ecosystems. Environ Sci Technol 47(21):12238–12247
Christel I, Navarro J, del Castillo M et al (2012) Foraging movements of Audouin’s gull (Larus audouinii) in the Ebro Delta, NW Mediterranean: a preliminary satellite-tracking study. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 96:257–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2011.11.019
Dauwe T, Jaspers VLB, Covaci A et al (2005) Feathers as a nondestructive biomonitor for persistent organic pollutants. Environ Toxicol Chem 24:442. https://doi.org/10.1897/03-596.1
Dietz R, Riget F, Cleemann M et al (2000) Comparison of contaminants from different trophic levels and ecosystems. Sci Total Environ 245:221–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00447-7
Dolbeer RA, Belant JL, Sillings JL (1993) Shooting gulls reduces strikes with aircraft at John F. Kennedy International Airport. Wildl Soc Bull 21:442–450
van Donk S, Camphuysen KCJ, Shamoun-Baranes J, van der Meer J (2017) The most common diet results in low reproduction in a generalist seabird. Ecol Evol 4620–4629. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3018
Duhem C, Vidal E, Legrand J, Tatoni T (2003) Opportunistic feeding responses of the Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis to accessibility of refuse dumps: the gulls adjust their diet composition and diversity according to refuse dump accessibility. Bird Study 50:61–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/00063650309461291
Duhem C, Vidal E, Roche P, Legrand J (2005) How is the diet of yellow-legged gull chicks influenced by parents’ accessibility to landfills? Waterbirds 28:46–52. https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0046:HITDOY]2.0.CO;2
Elliott KH, Duffe J, Lee SL et al (2006) Foraging ecology of Bald Eagles at an urban landfill. Wilson J Ornithol 118:380–390. https://doi.org/10.1676/04-126.1
Espín S, Martínez-López E, María-Mojica P, García-Fernández AJ (2012) Razorbill (Alca torda) feathers as an alternative tool for evaluating exposure to organochlorine pesticides. Ecotoxicology 21:183–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0777-z
Eulaers I, Covaci A, Herzke D et al (2011a) A first evaluation of the usefulness of feathers of nestling predatory birds for non-destructive biomonitoring of persistent organic pollutants. Environ Int 37:622–630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2010.12.007
Eulaers I, Covaci A, Hofman J et al (2011b) A comparison of non-destructive sampling strategies to assess the exposure of white-tailed eagle nestlings (Haliaeetus albicilla) to persistent organic pollutants. Sci Total Environ 410–411:258–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.070
Eulaers I, Jaspers VLB, Pinxten R et al (2014) Legacy and current-use brominated flame retardants in the Barn Owl. Sci Total Environ 472:454–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.054
FAO/UNEP (1991) Informed decision guidance on DDT. Rome
Fazari WAAL, Mcgrady MJ (2016) Counts of Egyptian Vultures Neophron percnopterus and other avian scavengers at Muscat’ s municipal landfill, Oman, November 2013–March 2015. 38:99–105
Fernie KJ, Shutt JL, Mayne G et al (2005) Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs): changes in thyroid, vitamin A, glutathione homeostasis, and oxidative stress in American kestrels (Falco sparverius). Toxicol Sci 88:375–383. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfi295
Fisk AT, Rosenberg B, Cymbalisty CD et al (1999) Octanol/water pertiotion coefficients of toaphene congeners determined by the “Slow-Stirring” method. Chemosphere 39:2549–2562
François A, Técher R, Houde M et al (2016) Relationships between polybrominated diphenyl ethers and transcription and activity of type 1 deiodinase in a gull highly exposed to flame retardants. Environ Toxicol Chem 35:2215–2222. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3372
Furness RW (1993) Birds as monitors of pollutants. In: Furness RW, Greenwood JJD (eds) Birds as monitors of environmental change. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp 86–143
Furness R (1997) Seabirds as monitors of the marine environment. ICES J Mar Sci 54:726–737. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1997.0243
García-Fernández AJ, Espín S, Martínez-López E (2013) Feathers as a biomonitoring tool of polyhalogenated compounds: a review. Environ Sci Technol 47:3028–3043. https://doi.org/10.1021/es302758x
Garthe S, Hüppop O (2004) Scaling possible adverse effects of marine wind farms on seabirds: developing and applying a vulnerability index. J Appl Ecol 41:724–734. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-8901.2004.00918.x
Gentes ML, Mazerolle MJ, Giroux JF et al (2015) Tracking the sources of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in birds: foraging in waste management facilities results in higher DecaBDE exposure in males. Environ Res 138:361–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2015.02.036
Gilchrist TT, Letcher RJ, Thomas P, Fernie KJ (2014) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and multiple stressors influence the reproduction of free-ranging tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting at wastewater treatment plants. Sci Total Environ 472:63–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.090
Goede AA, De Voogt P (1985) Lead and cadmium in waders from the Dutch Wadden Sea. Environ Pollut Ser A-Ecological Biol 37:311–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-1471(85)90120-5
Gould JC, Cooper KR, Scanes CG (1999) Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on thyroid hormones and liver type I monodeiodinase in the chick embryo. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 43:195–203. https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.1999.1776
Goutner V, Albanis T, Konstantinou I, Papakonstantinou K (2001) PCBs and organochlorine pesticide residues in eggs of Audouin’s Gull (Larus audouinii) in the north-eastern Mediterranean. Mar Pollut Bull 42:377–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00165-X
Halbrook RS, Arenal CA (2003) Field studies using European starlings to establish causality between PCB exposure and reproductive effects. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 9:121–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/713609855
Hansen LG, Green D, Cochran J et al (1997) Chlorobiphenyl (PCB) composition of extracts of subsurface soil, superficial dust and air from a contaminated landfill. Fresenius J Anal Chem 357:442–448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002160050186
Hario M, Rintala J (2016) Population trends in herring gulls (Larus argentatus), great black-backed gulls (Larus marinus) and lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus fuscus) in Finland. Waterbirds 39:10–14. https://doi.org/10.1675/063.039.sp107
Harris MP (1971) Ecological adaptations of moult in some British gulls. Bird Study 18:113–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657109476302
Hawker DW, Connell DW (1988) Octanol-water partition coefficients of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners. Environ Sci Technol 22:382–387. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00169a004
Hobson KA (1993) Trophic relationships among high Arctic seabirds: insights from tissue-dependent stable-isotope models. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 95:7–18. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps095007
Hobson KA, Clark RG (1992) Assessing avian diets using stable isotopes II: factors influencing diet-tissue fractionation. Condor 94:189–197
Hüppop O, Dierschke J, Exo K et al (2006) Bird migration studies and potential collision risk with offshore wind turbines. Ibis (Lond 1859). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2006.00536.x
Huwe JK, Larsen GL (2005) Polychlorinated dioxins, furans, and biphenyls, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in a U.S. meat market basket and estimates of dietary intake. Environ Sci Technol 39:5606–5611. https://doi.org/10.1021/es050638g
Ito A, Yamashita R, Takada H et al (2013) Contaminants in tracked seabirds showing regional patterns of marine pollution. Environ Sci Technol 47:7862–7867. https://doi.org/10.1021/es4014773
Jamieson AJ, Malkocs T, Piertney SB et al (2017) Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in the deepest ocean fauna. Nat Ecol Evol 1:51. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-016-0051
Jaspers VLB, Voorspoels S, Covaci A, Eens M (2006) Can predatory bird feathers be used as a non-destructive biomonitoring tool of organic pollutants? Biol Lett 2:283–285. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0450
Jaspers VLB, Covaci A, Van den Steen E, Eens M (2007a) Is external contamination with organic pollutants important for concentrations measured in bird feathers? Environ Int 33:766–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2007.02.013
Jaspers VLB, Voorspoels S, Covaci A et al (2007b) Evaluation of the usefulness of bird feathers as a non-destructive biomonitoring tool for organic pollutants: a comparative and meta-analytical approach. Environ Int 33:328–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2006.11.011
Jaspers VLB, Covaci A, Deleu P et al (2008) Preen oil as the main source of external contamination with organic pollutants onto feathers of the common magpie (Pica pica). Environ Int 34:741–748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2007.12.002
Jaspers VLB, Covaci A, Deleu P, Eens M (2009) Concentrations in bird feathers reflect regional contamination with organic pollutants. Sci Total Environ 407:1447–1451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.10.030
Jaspers VLB, Rodriguez FS, Boertmann D et al (2011) Body feathers as a potential new biomonitoring tool in raptors: a study on organohalogenated contaminants in different feather types and preen oil of West Greenland white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla). Environ Int 37:1349–1356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2011.06.004
Jaspers V, Megson D, O’Sullivan G (2014) POPs in the terrestrial environment. In: Environmental forensics for persistent organic pollutants. Elsevier B.V., pp 291–356
Johnson MS, Leah RT, Connor L et al (1996) Polychlorinated biphenyls in small mammals from contaminated landfill sites. Environ Pollut 92:185–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(95)00096-8
Kenyon Ross R (1976) Notes on the behavior of captive great cormorants. Wilson Bull 88:143–145
Kocagöz R, Onmus O, Onat I et al (2014) Environmental and biological monitoring of persistent organic pollutants in waterbirds by non-invasive versus invasive sampling. Toxicol Lett 230:208–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.01.044
Kruszyk R, Ciach M (2010) White Storks, Ciconia ciconia, forage on rubbish dumps in Poland—a novel behaviour in population. Eur J Wildl Res 56:83–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-009-0313-0
Laurin M, Gauthier JA (2012) Amniota. Mammals, reptiles (turtles, lizards, Sphenodon, crocodiles, birds) and their extinct relatives. http://tolweb.org/Amniota/14990/2012.01.30. Accessed 16 Aug 2017
Letcher RJ, Marteinson SC, Fernie KJ (2014) Dietary exposure of American kestrels (Falco sparverius) to decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) flame retardant: Uptake, distribution, debromination and cytochrome P450 enzyme induction. Environ Int 63:182–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2013.11.010
Li B, Danon-Schaffer MN, Li LY et al (2012) Occurrence of PFCs and PBDEs in landfill leachates from across Canada. Water Air Soil Pollut 223:3365–3372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-012-1115-7
Li Y, Li J, Deng C (2014) Occurrence, characteristics and leakage of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in leachate from municipal solid waste landfills in China. Environ Pollut 184:94–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.08.027
Luo XJ, Zhang XL, Liu J et al (2009) Persistent halogenated compounds in waterbirds from an e-waste recycling region in south China. Environ Sci Technol 43:306–311. https://doi.org/10.1021/es8018644
MacKay D, Fraser A (2000) Bioaccumulation of persistent organic chemicals: mechanisms and models. Environ Pollut 110:375–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00162-7
Martínez-López E, Espín S, Barbar F et al (2015) Contaminants in the southern tip of South America: analysis of organochlorine compounds in feathers of avian scavengers from Argentinean Patagonia. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 115:83–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.02.011
Massemin-Challet S, Gendner JP, Samtmann S et al (2006) The effect of migration strategy and food availability on White Stork Ciconia ciconia breeding success. Ibis 148:503–508. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2006.00550.x
Matache ML, Hura C, David IG (2016) Non-invasive monitoring of organohalogen compounds in eggshells and feathers of birds from the Lower Prut Floodplain Natural Park in Romania. Procedia Environ Sci 32:49–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2016.03.011
McFarland VA, Clarke JU (1989) Environmental occurrence, abundance, and potential toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners: considerations for a congener-specific analysis. Environ Health Perspect 81:225–239. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8981225
Melnyk A, Dettlaff A, Kuklińska K et al (2015) Concentration and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in surface soil near a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill. Sci Total Environ 530–531:18–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.092
Meyer J, Jaspers VLB, Eens M, de Coen W (2009) The relationship between perfluorinated chemical levels in the feathers and livers of birds from different trophic levels. Sci Total Environ 407:5894–5900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.07.032
Moreno R, Jover L, Munilla I et al (2010) A three-isotope approach to disentangling the diet of a generalist consumer: the yellow-legged gull in northwest Spain. Mar Biol 157:545–553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-009-1340-9
Öman CB, Junestedt C (2008) Chemical characterization of landfill leachates—400 parameters and compounds. Waste Manag 28:1876–1891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.06.018
Patenaude-Monette M, Bélisle M, Giroux JF (2014) Balancing energy budget in a central-place forager: which habitat to select in a heterogeneous environment? PLoS One 9:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102162
Persson NJ, Pettersen H, Ishaq R et al (2005) Polychlorinated biphenyls in polysulfide sealants—occurrence and emission from a landfill station. Environ Pollut 138:18–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.02.021
Poprach K, Machar I, Maton K (2016) Long-term decline in breeding abundance of Black-headed Gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) in the Czech Republic: a case study of a population trend at the Chomoutov lake. Ekológia (Bratislava) 35:350–358. https://doi.org/10.1515/eko-2016-0028
Qiu X, Zhu T, Yao B, et al (2005) Contribution of dicofol to the current DDT pollution in China. Environ Sci Technol 39:4385–4390. https://doi.org/10.1021/es050342a
Rajaei F, Sari AE, Bahramifar N et al (2011) Persistent organic pollutants in muscle and feather of ten avian species from māzandarān province of Iran, on the coast of the Caspian sea. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 87:678–683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-011-0420-y
Ruus A, Ugland KI, Skaare JU (2002) Influence of trophic position on organochlorine concentrations and compositional patterns in a marine food web. Environ Toxicol Chem 21:2356–2364. https://doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<2356:iotpoo>2.0.co;2
Schecter A, Colacino J, Patel K et al (2010) Polybrominated diphenyl ether levels in foodstuffs collected from three locations from the United States. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 243:217–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2009.10.004
Scott P, Duncan P, Green JA (2014) Food preference of the Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus differs along a rural–urban gradient. Bird Study 1–8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2014.984655
Smith PN, Johnson KA, Anderson TA, McMurry ST (2003) Environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls among raccoons (Procyon lotor) at the paducah gaseous diffusion plant, Western Kentucky, USA. Environ Toxicol Chem 22:406–416. https://doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(2003)022<0406:EETPBA>2.0.CO;2
Sol D, Arcos JM, Senar JC (1995) The influence of refuse tips on the winter distribution of Yellow-legged Gulls Larus cachinnans. Bird Study 42:216–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/00063659509477170
Soldatini C, Albores-Barajas YV, Torricelli P, Mainardi D (2008) Testing the efficacy of deterring systems in two gull species. Appl Anim Behav Sci 110:330–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2007.05.005
Sommerfeld J, Mendel B, Fock HO, Garthe S (2016) Combining bird-borne tracking and vessel monitoring system data to assess discard use by a scavenging marine predator, the lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus. Mar Biol 163:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-016-2889-8
Stockholm Convention (2009) Stockholm convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). In: Fourth meeting of the Conference of the Parties (Decisions SC-4/10 to SC-4/18). Geneva, Switzerland, pp 1–64
Stockholm Convention (2011) An amendment to annex A adopted by the conference of the parties to the Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants at its fifth meeting (Decision SC-5/3). 2
Stockholm Convention (2013) An amendment to annex A adopted by the conference of the parties to the Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants at its fi sixth meeting (Decision SC-5/3). 15:2
Stockholm Convention (2015) Amendments to annexes A and C adopted by the conference of the parties to the Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants at its seventh meeting (Decisions SC—7/12, SC—7/13 and SC—7/14). 2–4
Strandberg B, Bandh C, Van Bavel B et al (1998) Concentrations, biomagnification and spatial variation of organochlorine compounds in a pelagic food web in the northern part of the Baltic Sea. Sci Total Environ 217:143–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00173-9
Summers JW, Gaines KF, Garvin N et al (2010) Feathers as bioindicators of PCB exposure in clapper rails. Ecotoxicology 19:1003–1011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-010-0481-4
Tauler-Ametller H, Hernández-Matías A, Pretus JL, Real J (2017) Landfills determine the distribution of an expanding breeding population of the endangered Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus. Ibis. https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12495
Técher R, Houde M, Verreault J (2016) Associations between organohalogen concentrations and transcription of thyroid-related genes in a highly contaminated gull population. Sci Total Environ 545–546:289–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.110
Tyson C, Shamoun-Baranes J, Van Loon EE et al (2015) Individual specialization on fishery discards by lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus). ICES J Mar Sci 69:84–88. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr174
Van den Steen E, Covaci A, Jaspers VLB et al (2007) Experimental evaluation of the usefulness of feathers as a non-destructive biomonitor for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) using silastic implants as a novel method of exposure. Environ Int 33:257–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2006.09.018
Van den Steen E, Jaspers VLB, Covaci A et al (2008) Variation, levels and profiles of organochlorines and brominated flame retardants in great tit (Parus major) eggs from different types of sampling locations in Flanders (Belgium). Environ Int 34:155–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2007.07.014
Voorspoels S, Covaci A, Jaspers VLB et al (2007) Biomagnification of PBDEs in three small terrestrial food chains. Environ Sci Technol 41:411–416. https://doi.org/10.1021/es061408k
Watanabe MX, Iwata H, Watanabe M et al (2005) Bioaccumulation of organochlorines in crows from an Indian open waste dumping site: evidence for direct transfer of dioxin-like congeners from the contaminated soil. Environ Sci Technol 39:4421–4430. https://doi.org/10.1021/es050057r
Wetmore A (1920) The Function of Powder Downs in Herons. Condor 22:168–170
Yamashita R, Takada H, Murakami M et al (2007) Evaluation of noninvasive approach for monitoring PCB pollution of seabirds using preen gland oil. Environ Sci Technol 41:4901–4906
Zeng YH, Luo XJ, Tang B, Mai BX (2016) Habitat- and species-dependent accumulation of organohalogen pollutants in home-produced eggs from an electronic waste recycling site in South China: levels, profiles, and human dietary exposure. Environ Pollut 216:64–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.039
Zhao Z, Jia J, Wang J et al (2018) Pollution levels of DDTs and their spatiotemporal trend from sediment records in the Southern Yellow Sea, China. Mar Pollut Bull 127:359–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.026
Zupancic-Kralj L, Jan J, Marsel J (1992) Assessment of polychlorobiphenyls in human/poultry fat and in hair/plumage from a contaminated area. Chemosphere 25:1861–1867
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the anonymous reviewer for the useful comments that helped improve the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Michielsen, R.J., Shamoun-Baranes, J., Parsons, J.R., Kraak, M.H. (2018). A Nondestructive Method to Identify POP Contamination Sources in Omnivorous Seabirds. In: de Voogt, P. (eds) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 246. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol 246. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2018_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2018_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-97739-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-97740-9
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)