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Piezo- and pyroelectric properties

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Electrets

Part of the book series: Topics in Applied Physics ((TAP,volume 33))

Abstract

Some polymers can be made both piezo- and pyroelectric by suitable application of a large electric field. This effect is true piezo- and pyroelectricity rather than electrostriction, conduction, electromechanical effects, or the motion of conductors in the field of space charges. Two distinct types of polymers can be piezoelectric. Amorphous polymers are piezo- and pyroelectric by virtue of a nonequilibium but kinetically stable net dipole orientation in the amorphous phase of the polymer. The semicrystalline polymers are piezoelectric due to alignment of polar, ferroelectric crystals dispersed in the amorphous phase. In both types of polymers, magnitudes of the piezo- and pyroelectric effects are in accord with the expected temperature and pressure dependence of the dipole model. Polarization changes primarily because of dimensional changes of the sample. Space charges embedded in the polymer normally will not produce large piezoelectric and pyroelectric currents. Those embedded near the crystalliquid interfaces tend to reduce the piezo- and pyroelectricity. Improved orientation of dipoles and reduction of ionic impurities should increase p y and d p for PVDF by a factor of two above typical values presently reported. The sensitivity of amorphous and semicrystalline polymers is limited mainly by dipole moment per unit volume and breakdown strength.

Some of the models presented here were developed along with the writing and were used as a framework for the presentation in order to make the chapter more coherent. It is hoped that these ideas, some largely untested, will provide direction and stimulation for further work in this field.

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  1. M. G. Broadhurst
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Gerhard M. Sessler

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Broadhurst, M.G., Davis, G.T. (1980). Piezo- and pyroelectric properties. In: Sessler, G.M. (eds) Electrets. Topics in Applied Physics, vol 33. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3540173358_13

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