Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Light scattering in graphite intercalation compounds

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Light Scattering in Solids III

Part of the book series: Topics in Applied Physics ((TAP,volume 51))

Abstract

Light scattering in graphite intercalation compounds gives key insights into the physics of these layered structures. In this chapter a review is presented of experimental Raman scattering studies and their interpretation based on models of the lattice dynamics of pristine and intercalated graphite. The periodic layer structure of intercalation compounds makes it possible to model the dynamical matrix by a Brillouin zone folding of the pristine graphite matrix. The stage dependence of the Raman-active modes is reported which correlates with a stage dependent strain. Resonant enhancement of the scattering cross-section permits observation of modes related to the intercalate layer. Explicit results are obtained for the internal modes of Br2 molecules in the graphite-Br2 system. Stage I alkali metal compounds show a lineshape of the Breit-Wigner-Fano form which implies a coupling between a sharp vibrational mode and a Ramanactive continuum. Second-order Raman scattering results for intercalated graphite are reported. A brief summary is also given on Raman scattering studies of intercalated graphite fibers, adsorbed molecules on graphite surfaces and ion-implanted graphite.

With 26 Figures

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. T.J.Wieting, J.L.Verble: In Electrons and Phonons in Layered Crystal Structures, Vol. 3, ed. by T. L. Wieting, M. Schlüter (Reidel, Dordrecht, Holland 1979) pp. 321–407

    Google Scholar 

  2. D. W. Feldman, J. H. Parker, Jr., W.J. Choyke, L.Patrick: Phys. Rev. 173,787–793 (1968)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. S.Nakashima: Solid State Commun. 16, 1059–1062 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. R. Zallen, M. L. Slade: Solid State Commun. 17, 1561–1566 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. C. Colvard, R. Merlin, M. V. Klein, A. C. Gossard: Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 298–301 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus: In Physics and Chemistry of Materials with Layered Structures, Vol. 6, ed. by F. Levy(Reidel, Dordrecht, Holland 1979) pp. 423–480

    Google Scholar 

  7. M.S.Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus: Adv. Phys. 30, 139–326 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  8. M. Zanini, J. E. Fischer: Mat. Sci. Eng. 31, 169–172 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. M. Zanini, D. Grubisic, J. E. Fischer: Phys. Stat. Sol. 90, 151–156 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  10. A.Hérold: In Physics and Chemistry of Materials with Layered Structures, Vol. 6, ed. by F.Lévy (Reidel, Dordrecht, Holland 1979) pp. 323–422

    Google Scholar 

  11. J. C. Tsang, M. W. Shafer: Solid State Commun. 25, 999–1002 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. J.E.Fischer: In Physics and Chemistry of Materials with Layered Structures, Vol. 6, ed. by F. Lévy (Reidel, Dordrecht, Holland 1979) pp. 481–532

    Google Scholar 

  13. Y. Koike, S. Tanuma, H. Suematsu, I. Higuchi: J. Phys. Chem. Solids 41, 1111–1118 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. A. W. Moore: In Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, Vol. 11, ed. by P. L. Walker, P. A. Thrower (Dekker, New York 1973) pp. 69–187

    Google Scholar 

  15. A. N. Berker, N. Kambe, G. Dresselhaus, M. S. Dresselhaus: Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 1452–1456 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. F. Tuinstra, J. F. Koenig: J. Chem. Phys. 53, 1126–1130 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. L. J. Brillson, E. Burstein, A. A. Maradudin, T. Stark: In Proc. Int. Conf. on Semimetals and Narrow Gap Semiconductors, Dallas, TX (1970), ed. by D. L. Carter, R. T. Bate (Pergamon Press, New York 1971) pp. 187–193

    Google Scholar 

  18. R.J. Nemanich, G. Lucovsky, S. A. Solin: In Proc. I nt. Conf. on Lattice Dynamics, ed. by M. Balkanski (Flammarion Press, Paris 1975) pp. 619–621

    Google Scholar 

  19. R. J. Nemanich, G. Lucovsky, S. A.Solin: Solid State Commun. 23, 117–120 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. R. Nicklow, N. Wakabayashi, H. G. Smith: Phys. Rev. B5, 4951–4962 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  21. N. Wakabayashi, R. M. Nicklow: In Electrons and Phonons in Layered Structures, Vol. 3, ed. by T. L. Wieting, M. Schlüter (Reidel, Dordrecht, Holland 1979) pp. 409–464

    Google Scholar 

  22. A. Yoshimori, Y. Kitano: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 11, 352–361 (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  23. W. N. Reynolds: Physical Properties of Graphite (Elsevier, Amsterdam 1968) p. 34

    Google Scholar 

  24. W. De Sorbo, W. W. Tyler: J. Chem. Phys. 21, 1660–1663 (1953)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. J. A. Young, J. U. Koppel: J. Chem. Phys. 42, 357–364 (1965)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. R.J.Nemanich, J.Lucovsky, S.A.Solin: Mat. Sci. Eng. 31, 157–160 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. A.P.P. Nicholson, D.J.Bacon: J. Phys. C 10, 2295–2306 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  28. O. L. Blakslee, D. G.Proctor, E.J. Seldin, G. B. Spence, T. Weng: J. Appl. Phys. 41, 3373–3382 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. E.J. Seldin, C. W. Nezbeda: J. Appl. Phys. 41, 3389–3400 (1970)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. R. J. Nemanich, S. A. Solin: Phys. Rev. B20, 392–401 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  31. M. Maeda, Y. Kuramoto, C. Horie: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 47, 337–338 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. S. Y. Leung, M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus: Physica 105, 375–380 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  33. M. I. Nathan, J. E. Smith, Jr., K. N. Tu: J. Appl. Phys. 45, 2370 (1974)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. S. A. Solin, R. J. Kobliska: Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Amorphous and Liquid Semiconductors (Taylor and Francis, London 1974) pp. 1251–1258

    Google Scholar 

  35. P. Kwizera, A. Erbil, M. S. Dresselhaus: Carbon 19, 144–146 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. C. Horie, M. Maeda, Y. Kuramoto: Physica 99 B, 430–434 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  37. W. D. Ellenson, D. Semmingsen, D. Guérard, D. G.Onn, J. E. Fischer: Mat. Sci. Eng. 31, 137–140 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. S. Y. Leung, G. Dresselhaus, M. S. Dresselhaus: Solid State Commun. 38, 175–178 (1981); Phys. Rev. B24, 6083-6103 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. G. Dresselhaus, S. Y. Leung: Physica 105B, 495–500 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  40. S. Y. Leung: Sc. D. Thesis, MIT (unpublished) (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  41. S. Y. Leung, G. Dresselhaus, M. S. Dresselhaus: Synthetic Metals 7, 89–98 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. S. Flandrois, J. M. Masson, J. C. Rouillon, J. Gaultier, G. Hauw: Synthetic Metals 3, 1–13 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. T. Krapchev: M. S.Thesis, MIT (unpublished) (1981) T. Krapcher, R.Ogilvie, M. M. Dresselhaus: Carbon (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  44. D. E. Nixon, G. S. Parry: J. Phys. C2,1732–1741 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  45. D. Guérard, C. Zeller, A. Herold: C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris C283, 437–440 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  46. L.Pietronero, S.Strässler: J. Phys. Soc. Suppl. A 49, 895–898 (1980) [Proc. 15th Int. Conf. Physics of Semiconductors. Kyoto, Japan, 1980]; Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 593–596 (1981); In Physics of Intercalation Compounds, ed, by L.Pietronero, E.Tosatti, Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, Vol. 38 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1981) pp. 23–32

    Google Scholar 

  47. U. Mizutani, T. Kondow, T. B. Massalski: Phys. Rev. B 17, 3165–3173 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  48. T. Kondow, U. Mizutani, T. B. Massalski: Mat. Sci. Eng. 31, 267–270 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. M. G. Alexander, D. P. Goshorn, D. G.Onn: Phys. Rev. B22,4535–4542 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  50. A.Magerl, H.Zabel: Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 444–446 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. J. D. Axe, C. F. Majkrzak, L. Passeil, S. K. Satija, G. Dresselhaus, H. Mazurek: Extended Abstracts of 15th Biennial Conf. on Carbon, Philadelphia, 1981, pp. 52–53

    Google Scholar 

  52. G. Dolling, B. N. Brockhouse: Phys. Rev. 128, 1120–1123 (1962)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. J. Blinowski, H. H. Nguyen, C. Rigaux, J. P. Vieren, R. Le Toullec, G. Furdin, A. H'erold, J. Mélin: J. Physique 41, 47–58 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  54. S. Safran: Synthetic Metals 2, 1–15 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. J. J. Song, D.D.L.Chung, P. C. Eklund, M. S. Dresselhaus: Solid State Commun.20, 1111–1115 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, P. C. Eklund, D. D. L. Chung: Mat. Sci. Eng. 31, 141–152 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. R. J. Nemanich, S. A. Solin, D. Guérard: Phys. Rev. B 16, 2965–2972 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  58. S. A. Solin: Mat. Sci. Eng. 31, 153–156 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. C. Underhill,S. Y. Leung,G. Dresselhaus, M. S. Dresselhaus: Solid State Commun. 29, 769–774 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. G. M.Gualberto, C. Underhill, S. Y. Leung, G. Dresselhaus: Phys. Rev. B21, 862–8680 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  61. P. C. Eklund, D. S. Smith, V. R. K. Murthy, S. Y. Leung: Synthetic Metals 2, 99–108 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. P. C. Eklund, G. Dresselhaus, M. S. Dresselhaus, J. E. Fischer: Phys. Rev. B16, 3330–3333 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  63. S. A.Solin: Physica 99 B, 443–452 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  64. L.Pietronero, S. Strässler, H. R. Zeller, M.J. Rice: Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 763–767 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. L. Pietronero, S. Strässler, H. R. Zeller: Solid State Commun. 30, 399–401 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. P. C. Eklund, G. Dresselhaus, M. S. Dresselhaus, J. E. Fischer: Phys. Rev. B21, 4705–4709 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  67. N. Wada, S. A. Solin: Physica 105B, 353–356 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  68. M. R. Corson, S. Millman, G. R. Hoy, H. Mazurek: Solid State Commun. (in press); M. Elaky, C. Nicolini, G. Dresselhaus, G.O. Zimmerman, Solid State Commun. 41, 289–292 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  69. YuS.Karimov: Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 66,1121–1128 (1974); Soviet Physics JETP 39,547–550 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  70. P. C. Eklund, E. R. Falardeau, J. E. Fischer: Solid State Commun. 32, 631–634 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. D. G.Onn, G. M. T. Foley, J. E. Fischer: Phys. Rev. B19, 6474–6483 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  72. N.Caswell, S.A. Solin: Phys. Rev. B20, 2551–2554 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  73. M. S. Dresselhaus, N. Kambe, A. N. Berker, G. Dresselhaus: Synthetic Metals 2, 121–131 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. N.Wada: Phys. Rev. B24, 1065–1078 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  75. M.V.Klein: In Light Scattering in Solids, ed. by M.Cardona, Topics Appl. Phys., Vol. 8 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1975) Chap. 4

    Google Scholar 

  76. U. Fano: Phys. Rev. 124, 1866 (1961)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. J. R. Scott: Rev. Mod. Phys. 46, 83–128 (1974)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. M. Zanini, L.-Y. Ching, J. E. Fischer: Phys. Rev. B18, 2020–2022 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  79. D. M. Hwang, S. A. Solin, D. Guerard: In Physics Intercalation Compounds, ed. by L.Pietronero, E.Tosatti, Springer Series Solid-State Science, Vol.38 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1981) pp. 187–192

    Google Scholar 

  80. P. C. Eklund, K. R. Subbaswamy: Phys. Rev. B20, 5157–5161 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  81. H. Miyazaki, T. Hatano, G. Kusunoki, T. Watanabe, C. Horie: Physica 105 B, 381–385 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  82. P. C. Eklund, N. Kambe, G. Dresselhaus, M. S. Dresselhaus: Phys. Rev. B 18, 7069–7079 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  83. J. E. Cahill, G. E. Leroi: J. Chem. Phys. 51, 4514–4519 + (1966)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. G.Herzberg: Spectra of Diatomic Molecules (Van Nostrand, Princeton, NJ 1945)

    Google Scholar 

  85. B.L.Heflinger: Ph. D. Thesis, MIT (unpublished) (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  86. A.Erbil, G.Dresselhaus, M.S.Dresselhaus: Phys. Rev. B25, in press (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  87. D.D.L.Chung: Ph. D. Thesis MIT (unpublished) (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  88. W.T.Eeles, J.A.Turnbull: Proc. Roy. Soc. London A283, 179–193 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  89. S.M.Heald, E.A.Stern: Phys. Rev. B17, 4069–4081 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  90. N.Caswell, S.A.Solin: Solid State Commun. 27, 961–967 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. B.Iskander, P.Vast, A.Lorriaux-Rubbens, M.L.Dele-Dubois, Ph.Touzain: Mat. Sci. Eng. 43, 59–63 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. G.Dresselhaus, R.Al-Jishi, J.D.Axe, C.F.Majkrzak, L.Passell, S.K.Satija: Solid State Commun. 40, 229–232 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. P.C.Eklund, V.Yeh, R.Al-Jishi, G.Dresselhaus, H.G.Smith, R.Nicklow: To be published

    Google Scholar 

  94. H.Zabel, A.Magerl: In Physics of Intercalation Compounds, ed. by L.Pietronero, E.Tosatti, Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, Vol. 38 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1981) pp. 180–186

    Google Scholar 

  95. H.Zabel, A.Magerl: Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Phonon Physics, Bloomington, IN, USA, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  96. P.C.Eklund, J.Giergiel, P.Boolchand: In Physics of Intercalation Compounds, ed. by L.Pietronero, E.Tosatti, Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, Vol. 38 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1981) pp. 168–179

    Google Scholar 

  97. P.C.Eklund, J.Giergiel, R.Al-Jishi, G.Dresselhaus: To be published

    Google Scholar 

  98. J.Rossat-Mignod, D.Fruchart, M.J.Moran, J.W.Milliken, J.E.Fischer: Synth. Met. 2, 143–148 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. N.Wada, M.V.Klein, H.Zabel: In Physics of Intercalation Compounds, ed. by L.Pietronero, E.Tosatti, Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, Vol. 38 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1981) pp. 199–204

    Google Scholar 

  100. R.Al-Jishi, G.Dresselhaus: Phys. Rev. (to be published)

    Google Scholar 

  101. N.Wada, R.Clarke, S.A.Solin: Solid State Commun. 35, 675–679 (1980)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. D.M.Hwang, B.F.O'Donnell, A.Y.Wu: In Physics of Intercalation Compounds, ed. by L.Pietronero, E.Tosatti, Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, Vol. 38 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1981) pp. 193–198

    Google Scholar 

  103. W.A.Kamitakahara, N.Wada, S.A.Solin: Proc. of the Int. Conf on Phonon Physics, Bloomington, IN, USA, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  104. B.S.Elman, M.S.Dresselhaus, G.Dresselhaus, E.W.Maby, H.Mazurek: Phys. Rev. B24, 1027–1034 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  105. B.S.Elman, M.Shayegan, M.S.Dresselhaus, H.Mazurek, G.Dresselhaus: Phys. Rev. B25, 4142 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  106. B.S.Elman,H.Mazurek,M.S.Dresselhaus,G.Dresselhaus:InMetastableMaterials Formation by Ion Implantation, Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings, Vol. 7, ed. by S.T.Picraux, W.J.Choyke (North-Holland, New York 1982) pp. 425–431

    Google Scholar 

  107. D.Robson, F.Y.I.Assabghy, D.J.E.Ingram: J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys. 5, 169–179 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  108. D.Robson,F.Y.I.Assabghy,E.G.Cooper,D.J.E.Ingram: J. Phys.D, Appl. Phys.6, 1822–1834 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  109. A.A.Bright, L.S.Singer: Carbon 17, 59–69 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. M.Endo, T.Koyama, Y.Hishiyama: Jpn. J. of Appl. Phys. 15, 2073–2076 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  111. T.C.Chien, M.S.Dresselhaus, M.Endo: To be published

    Google Scholar 

  112. C.Herinckx, R.Perret, W.Ruland: Carbon 10, 711–722 (1972)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. C.Herinckx: Carbon 11, 199–206 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  114. P.Kwizera, M.S.Dresselhaus, G.Dresselhaus: Carbon (submitted)

    Google Scholar 

  115. J.G.Hooley: Carbon 13, 469–471 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  116. J.G.Hooley, V.R.Deitz: Carbon 16, 251–257 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  117. A.Erbil, C.Lowe, G.Dresselhaus, M.S.Dresselhaus: Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 25, 336 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  118. J.C.Tsang, J.R.Kirtley, J.A.Bradley: Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 772–775 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  119. B.L.Crowder, J.E.Smith, Jr., M.H.Brodsky, M.I.Nathan: Proc. 2nd Int. Conf, on Ion Implantation in Semiconductors (Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany 1970) pp. 255–261

    Google Scholar 

  120. A.Mooradian, G.B.Wright: Phys. Rev. Lett. 16, 999–1001 (1966)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. R.B.Wright, R.Varma, D.M.Gruen: J. Nucl. Mater. 63, 415–421 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  122. H.Maeta, Y.Sato: Solid State Commun. 23, 23–25 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. M. S. Dresselhaus
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. G. Dresselhaus
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

M. Cardona G. Güntherodt

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Springer-Verlag

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dresselhaus, M.S., Dresselhaus, G. (1982). Light scattering in graphite intercalation compounds. In: Cardona, M., Güntherodt, G. (eds) Light Scattering in Solids III. Topics in Applied Physics, vol 51. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3540115137_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3540115137_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-11513-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-39208-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation