Skip to main content

Imaging and optical communication through atmospheric turbulence

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Laser Beam Propagation in the Atmosphere

Part of the book series: Topics in Applied Physics ((TAP,volume 25))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. T. H. Maiman: Nature 187, 493 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  2. P.Beckmann: Radio Sci. 69D, 629 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  3. I. Goldstein, P. A. Miles, A. Chabot: Proc. IEEE 53, 1172 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  4. J. I. Davis: Appl. Opt. 5, 139 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  5. D. L. Fried: Proc. IEEE 55, 57 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  6. D. L. Fried: IEEE J. QE-3, 213 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  7. D. L. Fried, R. A. Schmeltzer: Appl. Opt. 6, 1729 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  8. E.V.Hoversten: IEEE Intl. Conv. Record 15 (11), 137 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  9. D. L. Fried: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 55, 1427 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  10. D. L. Fried: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 56, 1380 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  11. D. L. Fried: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 57, 169 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  12. R. E. Hufnagel, N. R. Stanley: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 54, 52 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  13. R. S. Kennedy, E. V. Hoversten: IEEE Trans. IT-14, 716 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  14. V.I. Tatarskii: Wave Propagation in a Turbulent Medium (McGraw-Hill, New York 1961)

    Google Scholar 

  15. A. Kon, V. Feizulin: Radiophys. Quant. Electron. 13, 51 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  16. J. H. Shapiro: IEEE Trans. COM-19, 410 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  17. J. H. Shapiro: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 61, 492 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  18. R. F. Lutomirski, H. T. Yura: Appl. Opt. 10, 1652 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  19. H. T. Yura: Appl. Opt. 11, 1399 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  20. H. S. Lin: “Communication Model for the Turbulent Atmosphere”; Ph.D. Thesis, Case Western Reserve Univ. (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  21. R. L. Fante: Proc. IEEE 63, 1669 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  22. H. T. Yura: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 62, 889 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  23. R. L. Fante, J. L. Poirier: Appl. Opt. 12, 2247 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  24. J. W. Strohbehn: Proc. IEEE 56, 1301 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  25. E. Brookner: IEEE Trans. COM-18, 396 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  26. C.T.Tai: Dyadic Green's Functions in Electromagnetic Theory (Intext, Scranton 1971) Chap. 4

    Google Scholar 

  27. J. A. Kong: Theory of Electromagnetic Waves (Wiley-Interscience, New York 1975) Chap. 6

    Google Scholar 

  28. A. A. M. Saleh: IEEE J. QE-3, 540 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  29. D. L. Fried, G. E. Mevers: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 55, 740 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  30. J. W. Strohbehn, S. F. Clifford: IEEE Trans. AP-15, 416 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  31. D. L. Fried: Appl. Opt. 10, 721 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  32. H. H. Su, M. A. Plonus: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 61, 256 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  33. C. S. Gardner, M. A. Plonus: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 64, 68 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  34. M. Born, E. Wolf: Principles of Optics, 5th ed. (Pergamon Press, Oxford 1975) p. 381

    Google Scholar 

  35. J.W. Goodman: Introduction to Fourier Optics (McGraw-Hill, New York 1968) p. 41

    Google Scholar 

  36. J. H. Shapiro: “Optimal Spatial Modulation for Reciprocal Channels”; Res. Lab. Electron. Tech. Rept. 476, M.I.T. (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  37. D. L. Fried, H.T. Yura: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 62, 600 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  38. W. T. Cathey, C. L. Hayes, W. C. Davis, V. F. Pizzuro: Appl. Opt. 9, 701 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  39. R. W. Lee, J. C. Harp: Proc. I EEE 57, 375 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  40. R. S. Lawrence, J. W. Strohbehn: Proc. IEEE 58, 1523 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  41. D. L. Fried, J. D. Cloud: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 56, 1667 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  42. R. L. Fante: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 66, 74 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  43. D. L. Fried: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 57, 176 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  44. G. P. Massa: “Fourth-Order Moments of an Optical Field that has Propagated through the Clear Turbulent Atmosphere”; S.M. Thesis, M.I.T. (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  45. R. F. Lutomirski, H. T. Yura: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 61, 482 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  46. J. B. Breckinridge: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 66, 143 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  47. A.Papoulis: Systems and Ransforms with Applications in Optics (McGraw-Hill, New York 1968) Chap. 10

    Google Scholar 

  48. H. T. Yura: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 64, 59 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  49. S. F. Clifford, G. R. Ochs, R. S. Lawrence: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 64, 148 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  50. R. L. Fante: Radio Sci. 10, 77 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  51. T. I. Wang, J. W. Strohbehn: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 64, 583 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  52. T. I. Wang, J. W. Strohbehn: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 64, 994 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  53. D. Slepian: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 55, 1110 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  54. G. V. Borgiotti: IEEE Trans. AP-14, 158 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  55. C. K. Rushforth, R. W. Harris: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 58, 539 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  56. G. Toraldo di Francia: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 59, 799 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  57. J. H. Shapiro: Appl. Opt. 13, 2614 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  58. J. H. Shapiro: Appl. Opt. 13, 2609 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  59. D. Slepian: Bell Syst. Tech. J. 43, 3009 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  60. C. Pask: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 66, 68 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  61. A. Labeyrie: Astron. Astrophys. 6, 85 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  62. D. Korff: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 63, 971 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  63. P. H. Deitz: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 65, 279 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  64. M. Greenebaum: “The Residual Effects of Atmospheric Turbulence on a Class of Holographic Imaging and Correlography Systems”; presented at the Opt. Soc. Am. Topical Meeting on Optical Propagation through Turbulence (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  65. D. G. Currie: “Amplitude Interferometry and High Resolution Image Formation”; presented at the Opt. Soc. Am. Topical Meeting on Optical Propagation through Turbulence (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  66. W. T. Rhodes, J. W. Goodman: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 63, 647 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  67. R. A. Muller, A. Buffington: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 64, 1200 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  68. J. W. Hardy, J. Feinleib, J. C. Wyant: “Real-Time Phase Correction of Optical Imaging Systems”; presented at the Opt. Soc. Am. Topical Meeting on Optical Propagation through Turbulence (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  69. W. B. Bridges, P. T. Brunner, S.P. Lazzara, T. A. Nussmeier, T. R. O'Meara, J. A. Sanguinet, W.P. Brown,Jr.: Appl. Opt. 13, 291 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  70. J. E. Pearson: Appl. Opt. 15, 622 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  71. R. P. Urtz, Jr., J. W. Justice: “Compensated Imaging”; presented at the Opt. Soc. Am. Topical Meeting on Imaging in Astronomy (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  72. L. I. Goldfischer: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 55, 247 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  73. J. W. Goodman: Proc. IEEE 53, 1688 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  74. J. W. Goodman: Introduction to Fourier Optics (McGraw-Hill, New York 1968) p. 132

    Google Scholar 

  75. J. C. Dainty (ed.): Laser Speckle and Related Phenomena, Topics in Applied Physics, Vol. 9 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1975)

    Google Scholar 

  76. M. Born, E. Wolf: Principles of Optics, 5th ed. (Pergamon Press, Oxford 1975) p. 510

    Google Scholar 

  77. J. H. Shapiro: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 66, 460 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  78. D. Korff, G. Dryden, R.P. Leavitt: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 65, 1321 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  79. D. L. Fried: “Isoplanatism in Predetection Compensation Imaging”; presented at the Opt. Soc. Am. Topical Meeting on Optical Propagation through Turbulence (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  80. J. H. Shapiro: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 66, 469 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  81. J. W. Goodman: Introduction to Fourier Optics (McGraw-Hill, New York 1968)

    Google Scholar 

  82. J. C. Moldon: Pattern Recog. J. 2, 79 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  83. P. H. Deitz, F. P. Carlson: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 63, 274 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  84. R. L. Fante: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 66, 574 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  85. M. Born, E. Wolf: Principles of Optics, 5th ed. (Pergamon Press, Oxford 1975) pp. 501–503

    Google Scholar 

  86. D. Y. Gezari, A. Labeyrie, R. V. Stachnik: Astrophys. J. 173, L1 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  87. A. M. Schneiderman, D. P. Karo: “The Uses and Limitations of Speckle Interferometry”; presented at the Opt. Soc. Am. Topical Meeting on Imaging in Astronomy (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  88. K. T. Knox, B. J. Thompson: Astrophys. J. 193, L45 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  89. P. H. Deitz, F.P. Carlson: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 64, 11 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  90. J. C. Moldon: “Imaging of Objects Viewed through a Turbulent Atmosphere”; Res. Lab. Electron. Tech. Rept. 469, M.I.T. (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  91. D. C. Ehn, P. Nisenson: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 65, 1196 A (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  92. R. Hanbury-Brown, R.Q. Twiss: Nature 161, 777 (1948)

    Google Scholar 

  93. M. King, M. Greenebaum, M. Elbaum: “Influence of the Atmosphere on Laser Produced Speckle Patterns”; presented at the Intern. Opt. Comp. Conf., Zurich (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  94. J. Feinleib, S. G. Lipson, P. F. Cone: Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 311 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  95. G.Q.McDowell: “Pre-Distortion of Local-Oscillator Wavefront for Improved Optical Heterodyne Detection through a Turbulent Atmosphere”; Sc.D. Thesis, M.I.T. (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  96. V. N. Mahajan: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 65, 271 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  97. F. J. Dyson: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 65, 551 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  98. S. R. Robinson: “Spatial Phase Compensation Receivers for Optical Communication”; Ph.D. Thesis, M.I.T. (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  99. J. C. Wyant: “Active Wavefront Compensation for Astronomical Applications”; presented at the Opt. Soc. Am. Topical Meeting on Imaging in Astronomy (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  100. J. D. Gaskill: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 58, 600 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  101. H. T. Yura: Appl. Opt. 12, 1188 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  102. J. W. Goodman: Introduction to Fourier Optics (McGraw-Hill, New York 1968) pp. 227–230

    Google Scholar 

  103. J. H. Shapiro: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 65, 65 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  104. J. L. Bufton: Appl. Opt. 12, 1785 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  105. W. K. Pratt: Laser Communication Systems (Wiley and Sons, New York 1969) Chap. 5

    Google Scholar 

  106. H. Melchior, M. B. Fisher, F. R. Arams: Proc. IEEE 58, 1466 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  107. A. Yariv: Introduction to Optical Electronics (Holt, Rinehart, Winston, New York 1971) Chap. 11

    Google Scholar 

  108. R. M. Gagliardi, S. Karp: Optical Communications (Wiley-Interscience, New York 1976) Chap. 3

    Google Scholar 

  109. E. V. Hoversten: “Optical Communication Theory”, in Laser Handbook, ed. by F. T. Arecchi, E.O. Schulz-DuBois (North-Holland, Amsterdam 1972)

    Google Scholar 

  110. W. K. Pratt: Laser Communication Systems (Wiley and Sons, New York 1969) Chap. 6

    Google Scholar 

  111. N. S. Kopeika, J. Bordogna: Proc. IEEE 58, 1571 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  112. C. W. Helstrom: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 57, 353 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  113. H. V. Hance, D. L. Fried: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 63, 1015 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  114. B. K. Levitt: “Variable-Rate Optical Communication through the Turbulent Atmosphere”; Res. Lab. Electron. Tech. Rept. 483, M.I.T. (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  115. R. M. Gagliardi, S. Karp: Optical Communications (Wiley-Interscience, New York 1976) Chap. 5

    Google Scholar 

  116. D. L. Snyder: Random Point Processes (Wiley-Interscience, New York 1975) Chap. 4

    Google Scholar 

  117. J. H. Shapiro, G. P. Massa: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 65, 1218A (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  118. S.J. Halme: “Efficient Optical Communication in a Turbulent Atmosphere”; Res. Lab. Electron. Tech. Rept. 474, M.I.T. (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  119. B. K. Levitt: “Detector Statistics for Optical Communication through the Turbulent Atmosphere”; Res. Lab. Electron. Quart. Prog. Rept. 99, pp. 114–123, M.I.T. (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  120. E. V. Hoversten, R. O. Harger, S. J. Halme: Proc. IEEE 58, 1626 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  121. D. L. Snyder: Random Point Processes (Wiley-Interscience, New York 1975) Chap. 6

    Google Scholar 

  122. R. M. Gagliardi, S. Karp: Optical Communications (Wiley-Interscience, New York 1976) pp. 156–159

    Google Scholar 

  123. E. V. Hoversten: “More on the Performance of Direct Detection Optical Communication Systems for the Turbulent Atmosphere”; presented at the IEEE Intern. Sympos. on Inform. Theory, Notre Dame (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  124. J. H. Shapiro, M. Tebyani: “A Unified Analysis of PPM Error Rates for Optical Communication through the Turbulent Atmosphere”; presented at the IEEE Intern. Sympos. on Inform. Theory, Ronneby (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  125. M. Tebyani: “Robust Receivers for Optical Communication through Atmospheric Turbulence”; S.M. Thesis, M.I.T. (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  126. W. N. Peters, R.J. Arguello: IEEE J. QE-3, 532 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  127. S. Solimeno, E. Corti, B. Nicoletti: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 60, 1245 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  128. W. E. Webb, J.T. Marino,Jr.: Appl. Opt. 14, 1413 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  129. M. C. Teich, S. Rosenberg: Appl. Opt. 12, 2616 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  130. S. Rosenberg, M. C. Teich: Appl. Opt. 12, 2625 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  131. E. A. Bucher: Appl. Opt. 11, 884 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  132. R. S. Kennedy: Proc. IEEE 58, 1651 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  133. D. L. Snyder: Random Point Processes (Wiley-Interscience, New York 1975) Chap. 2

    Google Scholar 

  134. S. J. Halme, B. K. Levitt, R. S. Orr: “Bounds and Approximations for some Integral Expressions Involving Lognormal Statistics”; Res. Lab. Electron. Quart. Prog. Rept. 93, pp. 163–175, M.I.T. (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  135. R. M. Gagliardi, S. Karp: Optical Communications (Wiley-Interscience, New York 1976) Chap. 6

    Google Scholar 

  136. J. M. Wozencraft, I. M. Jacobs: Principles of Communication Engineering (Wiley and Sons, New York 1965) pp. 517–519

    Google Scholar 

  137. W. K. Pratt: Laser Communication Systems (Wiley and Sons, New York 1969) Chap. 12

    Google Scholar 

  138. R. S. Kennedy, S. Karp (eds.): “Optical Space Communication”; NASA Rept. SP-217 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  139. J. M. Wozeneraft, I. M. Jacobs: Principles of Communication Engineering (Wiley and Sons, New York 1965) pp. 533–550

    Google Scholar 

  140. R. S. Kennedy: Fading Dispersive Communication Channels (Wiley-Interscience, New York 1969)

    Google Scholar 

  141. H. L. Van Trees: Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory, Part III (Wiley and Sons, New York 1971) Sect. 11.3

    Google Scholar 

  142. E. V. Hoversten, D. L. Snyder, R. O. Harger, K. Kurimoto: IEEE Trans. COM-22, 17 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  143. C. M. McIntyre, J. R. Kerr, J. R. Dunphy: “Practical Diversity Receivers in Turbulence Experimental Performance and Relationship to Rigorous Likelihood Systems”; presented at the IEEE Nation. Telecommun. Conf., New Orleans (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  144. G. E. Homstad, J. W. Strohbehn, R. H. Berger, J. M. Heneghan: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 64, 162 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  145. J. N. Bucknam: “Direct Detection of Optical Signals in the Presence of Atmospheric Turbulence”; S.M. Thesis, M.I.T. (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  146. P. A. Humblet: “Two-Way Adaptive Optical Communication through the Clear Turbulent Atmosphere”; S.M. Thesis, M.I.T. (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  147. R. L. Mitchell: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 58, 1267 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  148. R. Barakat: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 66, 211 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  149. R. L. Fante: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 66, 730 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

John W. Strohbehn

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1978 Springer-Verlag

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Shapiro, J.H. (1978). Imaging and optical communication through atmospheric turbulence. In: Strohbehn, J.W. (eds) Laser Beam Propagation in the Atmosphere. Topics in Applied Physics, vol 25. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3540088121_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3540088121_20

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-08812-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-35826-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics