Abstract
Rhenium(I) carbonyl-diimines are chemically robust and synthetically flexible photo- and redox active compounds that can be incorporated into supramolecular systems, polymers or biomolecules. They can be used as efficient and fast photosensitizers. In this chapter, we will follow excited-state evolution of ReI complexes from the instant of photon absorption through intersystem crossing, relaxation of “hot” triplet states, to their decay either to the ground state or to photoproducts. Out of many decay pathways, we concentrate on nonradiative decay following the energy gap law, excited-state electron- and energy transfer and ligand isomerization. Characterization of the lowest excited state by ultrafast IR spectroscopy and DFT calculations are discussed in detail. It is shown that excited-state properties are much influenced by mixing of Re(CO)3→diimine, L→diimine CT and intraligand ππ* excitations.
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- *:
-
In front of a formula denotes electronic excitation
- bpy:
-
2,2′-Bipyridine
- CT:
-
Charge-transfer transition, excitation or excited state. Detailed character (herein MLCT, XLCT, or LLCT) not specified
- DFT:
-
Density functional theory
- dmb:
-
4,4′-Me2–2,2′-bpy
- dppz:
-
Dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine
- EFFF:
-
Energy factored force field
- ET:
-
Electron transfer
- EnT:
-
Energy transfer
- Etpy:
-
4-Ethyl-pyridine
- IL:
-
Intraligand, localization on a particular ligand may be specified in brackets: IL(N,N) or IL(L)
- ILCT:
-
Intraligand charge transfer
- im:
-
Imidazole
- L:
-
Axial ligand
- LLCT:
-
Ligand-to-ligand charge transfer, herein L®N,N
- MLCT:
-
Metal-to-ligand charge transfer
- MLLCT:
-
Metal–ligand-to-ligand charge transfer, herein Re(L)(CO)3®N,N. A general abbreviation replacing MLCT/LLCT and MLCT/XLCT
- MQ+ :
-
N-methyl-4,4′-bipyridinium
- ν(CO):
-
CºO stretching vibration of a carbonyl ligand
- N,N:
-
α-Diimine or polypyridine ligand
- phen:
-
1,10-Phenanthroline
- PTZ:
-
Phenothiazine, an electron donor
- py:
-
Pyridine
- SBLCT:
-
Sigma bond-to-metal charge transfer
- TD-DFT:
-
Time-dependent DFT
- TR2 :
-
Transient resonance Raman
- TR3 :
-
Time-resolved resonance Raman
- TRIR:
-
Time-resolved IR absorption
- 2D-TRIR:
-
Two-Dimensional TRIR
- trp:
-
Tryptophan
- tyr:
-
Tyrosine
- UKS:
-
Unrestricted Kohn–Sham approach
- X:
-
Halide axial ligand
- XLCT:
-
X→N,N charge transfer, a kind of LLCT for L= halide
- ZFS:
-
Zero-field splitting
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Acknowledgments
The scientific contributions of all coworkers and collaborators involved in our research on rhenium photophysics and photochemistry is much appreciated: Ana Maria Blanco Rodríguez, Michael Busby, Anders Gabrielsson, Davina Liard, Ian Farrel (QMUL), Pavel Matousek and Mike Towrie (Rutherford Appleton Lab), Franti Hartl (Univ. Reading, UK and Univ. Amsterdam), the late Derk J. Stufkens (Univ. Amsterdam), Chantal Daniel (CNRS Strasbourg), Stanislav Záliš, Martin Hof and Jan Sýkora (J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Prague), Majed Chergui and Andrea Cannizzo (EPFL, Switzerland), Harry B. Gray, Jay R. Winkler, Crystal Shih and Anna Katrine Museth (California Institute of Technology).Funding was provided by EPSRC, QMUL, STFC (CMSD43), European collaboration program COST D35, ESF-DYNA, and the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic (1P05OC068).
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Vlček, A. (2009). Ultrafast Excited-State Processes in Re(I) Carbonyl-Diimine Complexes: From Excitation to Photochemistry. In: Lees, A. (eds) Photophysics of Organometallics. Topics in Organometallic Chemistry, vol 29. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3418_2009_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3418_2009_4
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