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Dendrimer Catalysis pp 97–120Cite as

Dendrimer-Encapsulated Bimetallic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications to Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Part of the book series: Topics in Organometallic Chemistry ((TOPORGAN,volume 20))

Abstract

We review the preparation, characterization, and properties of dendrimer-templated bimetallic nanoparticles. Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers can be used to template and stabilize a wide variety of mono- and bimetallic nanoparticles. Depending on the specific requirements of the metal system, a variety of synthetic methodologies are available for preparing nanoparticles with diameters on the order of 1–3 nm with narrow particle size distributions. The resulting dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles, or DENs, have been physically characterized with electron microscopy techniques, as well as UV-visible and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies.

For certain metal systems, the chemical properties of bimetallic DENs include selective extraction from the dendrimer interior into organic solvents. Catalytic properties include homogeneous hydrogenation catalysis; heterogeneous hydrogenation and oxidation catalysis have also been examined. Homogeneous hydrogenation studies indicate that synergism in catalytic activity often occurs when two metals are intimately mixed in nanoparticles. DENs can also be deposited onto a variety of solid substrates and the organic dendrimer template thermally removed. The resulting activated nanoparticles are also active catalysts, and have been further characterized with infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed CO. Relationships between these heterogenized systems and the solution DENs are also discussed.

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Abbreviations

PAMAM:

polyamidoamine

PPI:

polypropyleneimine

DENs:

dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles

Gx:

generation X (4, 5, …)

HRTEM:

high resolution transmission electron microscopy

EDS:

energy dispersive spectroscopy

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

MPC:

monolayer protected cluster

SAM:

self-assembled monolayer

TOF:

turnover frequency

DRIFTS:

diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy

AA:

atomic absorption spectroscopy

ICP-MS:

inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

1,3-COD:

1,3-cyclooctadiene

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Robert A. Welch Foundation (Grant number W-1552) for financial support of this work. We also thank Prof. Dick Crooks and his research group for their valuable discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, 1 Trinity Place, 78212, San Antonio, TX, USA

    Bert D. Chandler & John D. Gilbertson

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  1. Bert D. Chandler
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  2. John D. Gilbertson
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Correspondence to Bert D. Chandler .

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Lutz H. Gade

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Chandler, B.D., Gilbertson, J.D. (2006). Dendrimer-Encapsulated Bimetallic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications to Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis. In: Gade, L.H. (eds) Dendrimer Catalysis. Topics in Organometallic Chemistry, vol 20. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3418_033

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