Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Therapie von Gerinnungsstörungen im Rahmen der extrakorporalen Zirkulation in der Herzchirurgie

  • Chapter
Empfehlungen zum Einsatz und zur Verwendung der Herz-Lungen-Maschine

  • 1095 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

11.5 Literatur

  1. Dial S, Delabays E, Albert M, Gonzales A, Camarda J, Law A, Menzies D (2005) Hemodilution and surgical hemostasis contribute significantly to transfusion requirements in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 130:654–661

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Mammen EF, Comp PC, Gosselin R, Greenberg C, Hoots WK, Kessler CM, Larkin EC, Liles D, Nugent DJ (1998) PFA-100 system: a new method for assessment of platelet function. Sem Thromb Haemost 24:195–202

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Mammen EF, Koets MH, Washington BABC, Wolk LW, Brown JM, et al. (1985) Hemostasis Changes during Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery. Semin Thromb Haemost 11:281–292

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bick RL (1985) Hemostasis defects associated with cardiac surgery, prosthetic devices, and other extracorporal circuits. Semin Thromb Hemost 11:249–280

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Harker LA, Malpass TW, Branson HE, et al. (1980) Mechanism of abnormal bleeding in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass: Acquired transient platelet dysfunction associated with selective alpha-granule release. Blood 56:824–834

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Moriau M, Masure R, Hurlet A, et al. (1977) Hemostasis disorders in open heart surgery with extra corporal circulation. Importance of the platelet function and the heparin neutralization. Vox Sang 32:41–51

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Kalter RD, Saul CM, Wetstein L, et al. (1979) Cardiopulmonary bypass: Associated hemostatic abnormalities. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 77:427–435

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Milam JD, Austin SF, Martin RF, et al. (1981) Alteration of coagulation and selected clinical chemistry parameters in patients undergoing open heart surgery without transfusions. Am J Clin Pathol 76:155–162

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Müller N, Popov-Cenic S, Büttner W, et al. (1975) Studies of fibrinolytic and coagulation factors during open heart surgery: II. Postoperative bleeding tendencies and changes in the coagulation system. Thromb Res 7:589–598

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Pickering NJ, Brody JI, Fink GB, et al. (1983) The behavior of antithrombine III, Alpha 2 macroglobulin, and Alpha 1 antitrypsine during cardiopulmonary bypass. Am J Clin Pathol 80:459–464

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Stefaniszyn HJ, Novick RJ, Salerno TA (1984) Towards better understanding of the hemodynamic effects of protamine and heparin interaction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 87:678–886

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Jaberi M, Bell WR, Benson DW (1974) Control of heparin therapy in open-heart surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 67:133–141

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Frater RWM, Oka Y, Hong Y, et al. (1984) Protamine-induced circulatory changes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 87:687–692

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Esposito RA, Culliford AT, Colvin SB, et al. (1983) The role of the activated clotting time in heparin administration and neutralization for cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 85:174–185

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bartels C, Gerdes A, Babin-Ebell J, Beyersdorf F, Boeken U, Doenst T, et al. (2002) Cardiopulmonary bypass: Evidence or experience based? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 124:20–27

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Moen O, Fosse E, Dregelid E, Brockmeier V, Andersson C, et al. (1996) Centrifugal pump and heparin coating improves cardiopulmonary bypass biocompatibility. Ann Thorac Surg 62:1134–1140

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Ranucci M, Mazzucco A, Pessotto R, Grillone GM, Casati V, et al. (1999) Heparin-coated circuits for high-risk patients: a multicenter, prospective, randomized trial. Ann Thorac Surg 67:994–1000

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ovrum E, Holen EA, Tangen G, Brosstad F, Abdelnoor M, Ringdal MA, et al. (1995) Completely heparinized cardiopulmonary bypass and reduced systemic heparin: clinical and hemostatic effects. Ann Thorac Surg 60:365–371

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Aldea GS, O’Gara P, Shapira OM, Treanor P, Osman A, Patalis E, et al. (1998) Effect of anticoagulation protocol on outcome in patients undergoing CABG with heparin-bonded cardiopulmonary bypass circuits. Ann Throrac Surg 65:425–433

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Kuitunen AH, Heikkila LJ, Salmenpera MT (1997) Cardiopulmonary bypass with heparin-coated circuits and reduced systemic anticoagulation. Ann Thorac Surg 63:438–444

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Riess FC (2005) Anticoagulation management and cardiac surgery in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 17: 85–96

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Bacher P, Welzel D, Igbal O, Hoppenstead D, Callas D, Walenga JM, Fareed J (1992) The thrombolytic potency of LMW-heparin compared to urokinase in a rabbit jugular vein clot lysis model. Thromb Res 66:151–158

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Bagge L, Holmer E, Wahlberg T, Nystrom SO, Tyden H (1994) Fragmin (LMWH) vs heparin for anticoagulation during in vitro recycling of human blood in cardiopulmonary bypass circuits: dose-dependence and mechanisms of clotting. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 5:273–280

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Pouplard C, May MA, Iochmann S, Amiral J, Vissac AM, Marchand M, Gruel Y (1999) Antibodies to platelet factor 4-heparin after cardiopulmonary bypass in patients anticoagulated with unfractionated heparin or a low-molecular-weight heparin: clinical implications for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Circulation 99:2530–2536

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Ranze O, Ranze P, Magnani HN, Greinacher A (1999) Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in pediatric patients — a review of the literature and a new case treated with danaparoid sodium. Eur J Pediatr 158(S3):S130–133

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Greinacher A (2004) The use of direct thrombin inhibitors in cardiovascular surgery in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Semin Thromb Hemost 30:315–327

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Doherty DC, Ortel TL, de Bruijn N, Greenberg CS, Van Trigt P 3rd (1990) “Heparin-free cardiopulmonary bypass: first reported use of heparinoid (Org 10172) to provide anticoagulation for cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesthesiology 73:562–565

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Rowlings PA, Mansberg R, Rozenberg MC, Evans S, Murray B (1991) The use of a low molecular weight heparinoid (Org 10172) for extracorporal procedures in patients with heparin dependent thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. Aust N Z J Med 21:52–54

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Wilhelm MJ, Schmid C, Kececioglu D, Mollhoff T, Ostermann H, Scheld HH (1996) Cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia using Org 10172. Ann Thorac Surg 61:920–924

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Gillis S, Merin G, Zahger D, Deeb M, Drenger B, Hyam E, Eldor A (1997) Danaparoid for cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with previous heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Br J Hematol 98:657–659

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Sodian R, Loebe M, Gorman KF, Riess H, Hetzer R (1997) Heparin induced thrombocytopenia. Experiences in 12 heart surgery patients. ASAIO J 43: M430–433

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Gitlin SD, Deeb GM, Yann C, Schmaier AH (1998) Intraoperative monitoring of danaparoid sodium anticoagulation during cardiovascular operations. J Vasc Surg 27:568–575

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Saxon BR, Black MD, Edgell D, Noel D, Leaker MT (1999) Pediatric heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: management with Danaparoid (orgaran). Ann Thorac Surg 68:1076–1078

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Pineau E, Le Bret E, Folliguet T, Saint Maurice OS, Carbognani D, Laborde F (2001) [Use of Organon, a synthetic heparinoid, in two cardiopulmonary bypass procedures in the same patient sensitive to heparin]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 94:144–147

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Pamboukian SV, Ignaszewski AP, Ross HJ (2000) Management strategies for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in heart-transplant candidates: case report and review of the literature. J Heart Lung Transplant 19:810–814

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Olin DA, Urdaneta F, Lobato EB (2000) Use of danaparoid during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anaesth 14:707–709

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Lubenow N, Greinacher A (2001) Drugs for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 1:429–443

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Warkentin TE (2002) Current agents for the treatment of patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Curr Opin Pulm Med 8:405–412

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Rubens FD, Lavalee G, Ruel MA, Mesana T, Bouke M (2005) Delayed thrombin generation with hirudin anticoagulation during prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg 79:334–336

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Schror K (1995) Antiplatelet drugs. A comparative review. Drugs 50:7–28

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Bichler J, Fritz H (1991) Hirudin, a new therapeutic tool? Ann Hematol 63: 67–76

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Wendel HP, Heller W, Gallimore MJ (1996) Influence of heparin, heparin plus aprotinin and hirudin on contact activation in cardiopulmonary bypass model. Immunopharmacology 32:57–61

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Poetsch B, Madlener K, Seelig C, Riess CF, Greinacher A, Mueller-Berghaus G (1997) Monitoring of r-hirudin anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass — assessment of the whole blood ecarin clotting time. Thromb Haemost 77:920–925

    Google Scholar 

  44. Kern H, Ziemer S, Kox WJ (1999) Bleeding after intermittent or continuous r-hirudin during CVVH. Intensive Care Med 25:1311–1314

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Despotis GJ, Hogue CW, Saleem R, Bigham M, Skubas N, Apostolidou I, et al. (2001) The relationship between hirudin and activated clotting time: implications for patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia undergoing cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 93:28–32

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Despotis GJ, Joist JH (!1999) Anticoagulation and anticoagulation reversal with cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass: an update. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 13(4 Suppl 1):18–29 and 36–37

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Koster A, Meyer O, Hausmann H, Kuppe H, Hetzer R, Mertzlufft F (2000) In vitro cross-reactivity of danaparoid sodium in patients with heparin-induced thrombo-cytopenia type II undergoing cardiovascular surgery. J Clin Anesth 12:324–327

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Vasquez JC, Vichiendilokkul A, Mahmood S, Baciewicz FA Jr (2002) Anticoagulation with bivalirudin during cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgery. Ann Throrac Surg 74:2177–2179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Bott JN, Reddy K, Krick S (2003) Bivalirudin use in off-pump myocardial revascularization in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia [corrected]. Ann Thorac Surg 76:273–275 and 1778

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Warkentin TE, Greinacher A (2003) Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 76:638–648 and 2121–2131

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Greinacher A (2004) The use of direct thrombin inhibitors in cardiovascular surgery in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Semin Thromb Hemost 30:315–327

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Boning A, Morschheuser T, Blasé U, Scheewe J, von der Brelie M, Grabnitz R, Cremer JT (2005) Incidence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and therapeutic strategies in pediatric cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 79:62–65

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Koster A, Pasic M, Bauer M, Kuppe H, Hetzer R (2000) Hirudin as anticoagulant for cardiopulmonary bypass: importance of preoperative renal function. Ann Thorac Surg 69:37–41

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Koster A, Hansen R, Kuppe H, Hetzer R, Crystal GJ, Mertzlufft F (2000) Recombinant hirudin as an alternative for anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II: a 1-year experience in 57 patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 14:243–248

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Koster A, Chew D, Kuebler W, Habazettl H, Hetzer R, Kuppe H (2003) High antithrombin III levels attenuate hemostatic activation and leukocyte activation during cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 126:906–907

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Ravi R, Frost EA (1999) Cardiac surgery in patients with protamine allergy. Heart Dis 1:289–294

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Welsby IJ, Newman MF, Phillips-Bute B, Messier RH, Kakkis ED, Stafford-Smith M (2005) Hemodynamic changes after protamine administration: association with mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery. Anesthesiology 102:308–314

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Teoh KH, Young E, Blackall MH, Roberts RS, Hirsh J (2004) Can extra protamine eliminate heparin rebound following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 128:211–219

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Jobes DR, Aitken GL, Shaffer GW (1995) Increased accuracy and precision of heparin and protamine dosing reduces blood loss and transfusion in patients undergoing primary cardiac operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 110:36–45

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Despotis GJ, Joist JH, Hogue CW Jr, Alsoufiev A, Kater K, Goodnough LT et al. (1995/1996) The impact of heparin concentration and activated clotting time monitoring on blood conservation. A prospective, randomized evaluation in patients undergoing cardiac operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 110:46–54 and 111:493–4944

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Avidan MS, Levy JH, van Alken H, Feneck RO, Latimer RD, Ott E, et al. (2005) Recombinant human antithrombin III restores heparin respondiveness and decreases activation of coagulation in heparin-resistant patients during cardiopulmonary bypass. J Throrac Cardiovasc Surg 130:107–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Avidan MS, Levy JH, Scholz J, Delphin E, Rosseel PM, Howie MB, et al. (2005) A phase III, double blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study on the efficacy of recombinant human antithrombin in heparin-resistant patients scheduled to undergo cardiac surgery necessitating cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesthesiology 102:276–284

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Despotis GJ, Levine V, Joist JH, Joiner-Maier D, Spitznagel E (1997/1998) Antithrombin III during cardiac surgery: effect on response of activated clotting time to heparin and relationship to markers of hemostatic activation. Anesth Analg 85:498–506 and 87:1215

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Harder S, Klinkhardt U, Alvarez JM (2004) Avoidance of bleeding during surgery in patients receiving anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet therapy: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations. Clin Pharmacokinet 43:963–981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Karck M, Haverich A (1994) Heart transplantation under coumarin therapy: friend or foe? Eur J Anaesthesiol 11:475–479

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Yasaka M, Sakata T, Naritomi H, Minematsu K (2005) Optimal dose of prothrombin complex concentrate for acute reversal of oral anticoagulation. Thromb Res 115:455–459

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Pindur G, Morsdorf S, Schenk JF, Krischek B, Heinrich W, Wenzel E (1999) The overdosed patient and bleedings with oral anticoagulation. Semin Thromb Hemost 25:85–88

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Makris M, Greaves M, Phillips WS, Kitchen S, Rosendaal FR, Preston EF (1997) Emergency oral anticoagulant reversal: the relative efficacy of infusions of fresh frozen plasma and clotting factor concentrate on correction of the coagulopathy. Thromb Haemost 77:477–480

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Levy JH (2001) Pharmacologic preservation of the hemostatic system during cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 72:S1814–1820

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Baker RI, Coughlin PB, Gallus AS, Harper PL, Salem HH, Wood EM, Warfarin Reversal Consensus Group (2004). Warfarin reversal: consensus guidelines, on behalf of the Australian Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Med J Aust 181:492–497

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. van der Meer J, Hillege HL, Kootstra GJ, Ascoop CA, Mulder BJ, Pfisterer M, van Gilst WH, Lie KI (1993) Prevention of one-year vein-graft occlusion after aortocoronary-bypass surgery: a comparison of low-dose aspirin, low-dose aspirin plus dipyridamole, and oral anticoagulants. The CABADAS Research Group of the Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of The Netherlands. Lancet 342(8866):257–264

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Stein PD, Schunemann HJ, Dalen JE, Gutterman D (2004) Antithrombotic therapy in patients with saphenous vein and internal mammary artery bypass grafts: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest 126:600S–608S

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Nikhil JY, Radhakrishnan S, Paradiso-Hardy FL, Cohen EA (2002) Clopidogrel in interventional cardiology: questions answered and questions remaining. Can J Cardiol 18:739–748

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Sreeram GM, Sharma AD, Slaughter TF (2001) Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists: perioperative implications. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 15:237–240

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Moog R, Müller N (1999) White cell reduction during plateletpheresis: a comparison of three blood cell separators. Transfusion 39:572–577

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Mohr R, Martinowitz U, Golan M, Ayala L, Goor DA, Ramot B (1986) Platelet size and mass as an indicator for platelet transfusion after cardiopulmonary bypass. Circulation 74(5Pt2):III153–158

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Essell JH, Martin TJ, Salinas J, Thompson JM, Smith VC (1993) Comparison of thromboelastography to bleeding time and standard coagulation tests in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothor Vasc Anesth 7:410–415

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Mahoney CB (1998) Platelet-rich plasmapheresis: a meta-analysis of clinical outcomes and costs. J Extra Corpor Technol 30:10–19

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Crowther M, Ford I, Jeffrey RR, Urbaniak SJ, Greaves M (2000) Quality of harvested autologous platelets compared with stored donor platelets for use after cardiopulmonary bypass procedures. Br J Haematol 111:175–181

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Koster A, Sanger S, Knorig FJ, Kuppe H, Hetzer R, Loebe M (2002) Autologous plasma and platelet sequestration at the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass: a pilot investigation in five patients undergoing extended vascular surgery in deep hypothermia. ASAJO J 48:106–109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Shaffer KE, Pearman DT, Galen RS, Carville DG (2004) A rapid platelet function assay used to regulate platelet transfusion prophylaxis following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. J Extra Corpor Technol 36:145–148

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Li S, Ji H, Lin J, Lenehan E, Ji B, Liu J, Liu J, Long C, Crane TA (2005) Combination of acute preoperative plateletpheresis, cell salvage, and aprotinin minimizes blood loss and requirement during cardiac surgery. J Extra Corpor Technol 37:9–14

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Roseff S, Luban N, Manno C (2002) Guidelines for assessing appropriateness of pediatric transfusion. Transfusion 42:1398–1413

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Norfork DR, Ancliffe PJ, Contreras M, Hunt BJ, et al. (1998) Consensus conference on platelet transfusion. Br J Haematol 101:609–617

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Richtlinien zur Gewinnung von Blut und Blutbestandteilen und zur Anwendung von Blutprodukten (Hämotherapie), aufgestellt vom Wissenschaftlichen Beirat der Bundesärztekammer und vom Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (2005). Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag, Köln

    Google Scholar 

  86. Leitlinien zur Therapie mit Blutkomponenten und Plasmaderivaten (2003) 3. überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage, herausgegeben v. Vorstand und wissenschaftlichem Beirat der Bundesärztekammer. Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag, Köln

    Google Scholar 

  87. Hiller E, Heim MU (1989) Indikationen für die Therapie mit frischgefrorenem Plasma. Dtsch med Wschr 114:1371–1374

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Lundberg GD (Section Editor) (1994) Development Task Force of the College of American Pathologists: Practice Parameter for the Use of Fresh-Frozen Plasma, Cryoprecipitate, and Platelets. Am Med Assoc 271:777–781

    Google Scholar 

  89. Dupont J, Messiant F, Declerck N, Tavernier B, et al. (1996) Transplantation without the use of Fresh Frozen Plasma. Anesth Analg 83:681–686

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Guideline for the use of Fresh-Frozen Plasma from the National Blood Transfusion Council (1998) South African Med J 88:1344–1347

    Google Scholar 

  91. Hippala S (1998) Replacement of Massive Blood Loss. Vox Sang 74(S2):399–407

    Google Scholar 

  92. NIH Consensus Conference (1985) Fresh-frozen plasma. Indications and risks. Am Med Assoc 253:551–553

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Makris M, Greaves M, Wendy SP, Kitchen S, et al. (1997) Emergency oral anticoagulant reversal: The relative efficacy of infusion of Fresh Frozen Plasma and clotting factor concentrate on correction of the coagulopathy. Thromb Haemostas 77:477–480

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Vassallo RR (2004) Review: IgA anaphylactic transfusion reactions. Part I: Laboratory diagnosis, incidence, and supply of IgA-deficient products. Immunohaematol 20:226–233

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Sandier SG, Mallory D, Malamut D, Eckrich R (1995) IgA anaphylactic transfusion reactions. Transfus Med Rev 9:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Romisch J, Bonik K, Muller HG (1998) Comparative in vitro investigation of prothrombin complex concentrates. Semin Thromb Hemost 24:175–181

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Hellstern P, Halbmayer WM, Köhler M, Seitz R, Müller-Berghaus G (1999) Prothrombin Complex Concentrates: Indications, Contraindications, and Risks: Task Force Summary. Thromb Res 95:3–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Hellstern P, Beeck H, Fellhauer A, Fischer A, Faller-Stöckl B for the PCC Study Group (1997) Factor VII and Activated-Factor-VII Content of Prothrombin Complex Concentrates Group. Vox Sang 73:155–161

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Pindur G, Morsdorf S (1999) The use of prothrombin complex concentrates in the treatment of hemorrhages induced by oral anticoagulation. Thromb Res 95:57–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Kohler M, Hellstern P, Lechler E, Überfuhr P, MÜ-Berghaus G (1998) Thromboembolic complications associated with the use of prothrombin complex concentrates and factor IX concentrates. Thromb Haemost 80:399–402

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Pindur G, Moersdorf S, Schenk JF, Krischek B, et al. (1999) The overdosed patient and bleeding and bleedings with oral anticoagulation. Sem Thromb Hemost 25:85–88

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Makris M., Greaves M, Phillips WS, Kitchen S, et al. (1997) Emergency Oral Anticoagulant Reversal: The Relative Efficacy of Infusions of Fresh Frozen Plasma and Clotting Factor Concentrate on Correction of the Coagulopathy. Thromb Haemost 77:477–480

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Salzman EW, Weinstein MJ, Weintraub RM, et al. (1986) Treatment with desmopressin acetate to reduce blood loss after cardiac surgery. A double-blind randomized trial. NEJM 314:1402–1406

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Hunt BJ (1997) Desmopressin and bleeding during invasive surgery. Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl 14:42–49

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Ruggeri ZM (1994) Pathogenesis and Classification of von Willebrand Disease Haemostasis 24:265–275

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Sadler JE (1994) A Revised Classification of von Willebrand Disease. Thromb Haemost 71:520–525

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Lusher JM (1994) Response to l-Deamino-8-D-Arginine Vasopressin in von Willebrand Disease. Haemostasis 24:276–284

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Berntorp E (1994) Plasma product treatment in various types of von Wille-brand disease. Haemostasis 24:289–297

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Schramm W, Scharrer I (2000) Konsensus Empfehlungen zur Hämophiliebehandlung in Deutschland. GTH Hämophiliekommission, update 1999, Hämophilieblätter 34:62–65

    Google Scholar 

  110. Addiego J, Kasper C, Abildgaard CF, et al. (1993) Frequency of inhibitor development in hemophiliacs treated with low-purity factor VIII. Lancet 342:462–464

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Barthels M (1999) Clinical efficacy of prothrombin complex concentrates and recombinant factor VIIa in the treatment of bleeding episodes in patients with factor VIII-and IX-Inhibitors. Thromb Res 95:31–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. McDonagh J, Carrell N, Lee MH (1994) Dysfibrinogenemia and other Disorders of Fibrinogen Structure and Function: In: Colman RW, Hirsch J, Marder VJ, Salzman EW (eds): Hemostasis and Thrombosis: Basic Principles and Clinical Practise. JB Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, pp 314–334

    Google Scholar 

  113. Vander Woude JC, Milam JD, Walker WE, Houchin DP, Weiland AP, Cooley DA (1988) Cardiovascular surgery in patients with congenital plasma coagulopathies. Ann Thorac Surg 46:283–288

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. EMEA Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) (2002) Note for guidance on the clinical investigation of plasma derived fibrin sealant products. CPMP/BPWG/1089/00, London

    Google Scholar 

  115. EMEA Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) (2002) Core SPC for plasma derived fibrin sealant products. CPMP/BPWG/153/00, London

    Google Scholar 

  116. Radosevich M, Goubrand HA, Burnouf T (1997) Fibrin Sealant: Scientific Rationale, Production Methods, Properties, and Current Clinical Use. Vox Sang 72:133–143

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Schopen G, Bonik K, Rosenkranz G (1994) Fibrinogensubstitution mit Haemocomplettan HS. Ergebnisse einer Anwendungsbeobachtung. Hämostaseologie 14:140–148

    Google Scholar 

  118. Rosenberg RD, Damus PS (1973) The purification and mechanism of action of human antithrombin-heparin cofactor. J Biol Chem 248:6490–6505

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Vikydal R, Korninger C, Kyrle PA, Niessner H, Pabinger I, Thaler E, Lechner K (1985) The prevalence of hereditary antithrombin-III deficiency in patients with a history of venous thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost 54:744–745

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Avidan MS, Levy JH, van Aken H, Feneck RO, et al. (2005) Recombinant human antithrombin III restores heparin responsiveness and decreases activation of coagulation in heparin-resistant patients during cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 130:107–113

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Linden MD, Gibbs NM, Bremner M, Schneider M, Erber WN (2004) The effect of hemodilution on antithrombin concentration during cardiac surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care 32:219–223

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Linden MD, Schneider M, Baker S, Erber WN (2004) Decreased concentration of antithrombin after preoperative therapeutic heparin does not cause heparin resistance during cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 18:131–135

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Levy JH, Despotis GJ, Szlam F, Olson P, Meeker D, Weisinger A (2002) Recombinant human transgenic antithrombin in cardiac surgery: a dose-finding study. Anesthesiology 96:1095–1102

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Lemmer JH Jr, Despotis GJ (2002) Antithrombin III concentrate to treat heparin resistance in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 123:213–217

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Al Douri M, Shafti T, Al Khudairi D, Al Bokhari E, et al. (2000) Effect of the administration of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa; NovoSeven) in the management of severe uncontrolled bleeding in patients undergoing heart valve replacement surgery. Blood Coagulation Fibrinolysis 11(S1): S121–127

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Leibovitch L, Kenet G, Mazor K, Matok I, Vardi A, Barzilay Z, Paret G (2003) Recombinant activated factor VII for life-threatening pulmonary hemorrhage after pediatric cardiac surgery. Pediatr Crit Care Med 4:444–446

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Tokunaga C, Hiramatsu Y, Horigome H, et al. (2003) Palliative open surgery in an infant with factor VII deficiency. Ann Thorac Surg 76:2093–2094

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Hebertson M (2004) Recombinant activated factor VII in cardiac surgery. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 15(Sl):S31–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  129. Aggarwal A, Malkovska V, Catlett JP, Alcorn K (2004) Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) as salvage treatment for intractable bleeding. Thromb J 2:9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Yilmaz BT, Alioglu B, Ozyurek E, Akay HT, Mercan S, Ozbek N (2005) Successful Use of Recombinant Factor VIIa (NovoSeven) During Cardiac Surgery in a Pediatric Patient with Glanzmann Thrombasthenia. Pediatr Cardiol 26:843–845

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Hein OV, von Heymann C, Mongrera S, Konertz W, Ziemer S, Spies C (2005) Protracted bleeding after hirudin anticoagulation for cardiac surgery in a patient with HIT II and chronic renal failure. Artif Organs 29:507–510

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Hyllner M, Houltz E, Jeppsson A (2005) Recombinant activated factor VII in the management of life-threatening bleeding in cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 28:254–258

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Dipose P, Hebertson MJ, O’Shaughnessy D, Gill RS (2005) Activated recombinant factor VII after cardiopulmonary bypass reduces allogeneic transfusion in complex non-coronary cardiac surgery: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study. Br J Anesth 95:596–602

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Erhardtsen E (2002) Ongoing NovoSeven® trials. Intensive Care Med 28: 248–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  135. Jurlander B, Thim L, Klausen N, et al. (2001) Recombinant activated factor VII (rhFVIIa) Characterization, manufacturing and clinical development. Sem Thromb Haemostas 27:373–383

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Hedner U, Erhardtsen E (2002) Potential role for rhFVIIa in transfusion medicine. Transfusion 42:114–124

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Heuer L, Blumenberg D (2002) Rekombinanter Faktor VIIa (NovoSeven®). Ein Über aktuelle und mögliche zukünftige Indikationen. Anaesthesist 51:388–399

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Mayer SA, Brun NC, Begtrup K, Broderick J, Davis S, Diringer MN, Skolnick BE, Steiner T, Recombinant Activated Factor VII Intracerebral Hemorrhage Trial Investigators (2005). Recombinant activated factor VII for acute intracerebral hemorrhage. NEJM 352:777–785

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Greilich PE, Brouse CF, Rinder CS, Smith BR, et al. (2004) Effects of epsilon-aminocaproic acid and aprotinin on leukocyte-platelet adhesion in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 100:225–233

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Goodnough LT, Despotis GJ (2001) Transfusion medicine: support of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 1:337–351

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Bennett-Guerrero E, Sorohan JG, Gurevich ML, Kazanjian PE, Levy RR, Barbera AV, White WD, Slaughter TF, Sladen RN, Smith PK, Newman MF (1997) Cost-benefit and efficacy of aprotinin compared with epsilon-aminocaproic acid in patients having repeated cardiac operations: a randomized, blinded clinical trial. Anesthesiology 87:1373–1380

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Greilich PE, Brouse CF, Whitten CW, Chi L, Dimaio JM, Jessen ME (2003) Antifibrinolytic therapy during cardiopulmonary bypass reduces proinflammatory cytokine levels: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of epsilon-aminocaproic acid and aprotinin. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 126:1498–1503

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Kluger R, Olive DJ, Stewart AB, Blyth CM (2003) Epsilon-aminocaproic acid in coronary artery bypass graft surgery: preincision or postheparin? Anesthesiology 99:1263–1269

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Kuepper F, Dangas G, Mueller-Chorus A, Kulka PM, Zenz M, Wiebalck A (2003) Fibrinolytic activity and bleeding after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and low-dose aprotinin therapy. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 14:147–153

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Mossinger H, Dietrich W, Braun SL, Jochum M, Meisner H, Richter JA (2003) High-dose aprotinin reduces activation of hemostasis, allogeneic blood requirement, and duration of postoperative ventilation in pediatric cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 75:430–437

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Porte RJ, Leebeek FW (2002) Pharmacological strategies to decrease transfusion requirements in patients undergoing surgery. Drugs 62:2193–2211

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Choi TS, Greilich PE, Shi C, Wilson JS, Keller A, Kroll MH (2002) Point-of-care testing for prothrombin time, but not activated partial thromboplastin time, correlates with laboratory methods in patients receiving aprotinin or epsilon-aminocaproic acid while undergoing cardiac surgery. Am J Clin Pathol 117:74–78

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Despotis GJ, Avidan MS, Hogue CW Jr (2001) Mechanisms and attenuation of hemostatic activation during extracorporeal circulation. Ann Thorac Surg 72:S1821–1831

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Henry DA, Moxey AJ, Carless PA, O’Connell D, McClelland B, Henderson KM, Sly K, Laupacis A, Fergusson D (2001) Anti-fibrinolytic use for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD001886

    Google Scholar 

  150. Erstad BL (2001) Antifibrinolytic agents and desmopressin as hemostatic agents in cardiac surgery. Ann Pharmacother 35:1075–1084

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Greilich PE, Okada K, Latham P, Kumar RR, Jessen ME (2001) Aprotinin but not epsilon-aminocaproic acid decreases interleukin-10 after cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients receiving aprotinin and epsilon-aminocaproic acid. Circulation 104(12 S1):I265–I269

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Tassani P, Kunkel R, Richter JA, Oechsler H, Lorenz HP, Braun SL, Eising GP, Haas F, Paek SU, Bauernschmitt R, Jochum M, Lange R (2001) Effect of Cl-esterase-inhibitor on capillary leak and inflammatory response syndrome during arterial switch operations in neonates. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 15:469–473

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Armellin G, Casella S, Guzzinati S, Pasini L, Marcassa A, Giron G (2001) Tranexamic acid in aortic valve replacement. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 15: 331–335

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Hardy JF (2001) Pharmacological strategies for blood conservation in cardiac surgery: erythropoietin and antifibrinolytics. Can J Anaesth 48(4S): S24–31

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Fiechtner BK, Nuttall GA, Johnson ME, Dong Y, Sujirattanawimol N, Oliver WC Jr, Sarpal RS, Oyen LJ, Ereth MH (2001) Plasma tranexamic acid concentrations during cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesth Analg 92:1131–1136

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Casati V, Bellotti F, Gerli C, Franco A, Oppizzi M, Cossolini M, Calori G, Benussi S, Alfieri O, Torri G (2001) Tranexamic acid administration after cardiac surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Anesthesiology 94:8–14

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Casati V, Guzzon D, Oppizzi M, Bellotti F, Franco A, Gerli C, Cossolini M, Torri G, Calori G, Benussi S, Alfieri O (2000) Tranexamic acid compared with high-dose aprotinin in primary elective heart operations: effects on perioperative bleeding and allogeneic transfusions. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 120:520–527

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Levi M, Cromheecke ME, de Jonge E, Prins MH, de Mol BJ, Briet E, Buller HR (1999) Pharmacological strategies to decrease excessive blood loss in cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of clinically relevant endpoints. Lancet 354: 1940–1947

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Casati V, Guzzon D, Oppizzi M, Cossolini M, Torri G, Calori G, Alfieri O (1999) Hemostatic effects of aprotinin, tranexamic acid and epsilon-aminocaproic acid in primary cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 68:2252–2256; discussion 2256–2257

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Troianos CA, Sypula RW, Lucas DM, D’Amico F, Mathie TB, Desai M, Pasqual RT, Pellegrini RV, Newfeld ML (1999) The effect of prophylactic epsilon-aminocaproic acid on bleeding, transfusions, platelet function, and fibrinolysis during coronary artery bypass grafting. Anesthesiology 91: 430–435

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Dunn CJ, Goa KL (1999) Tranexamic acid: a review of its use in surgery and other indications. Drugs 57:1005–1032

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Munoz JJ, Birkmeyer NJ, Birkmeyer JD, O’Connor GT, Dacey LJ (1999) Is epsilon-aminocaproic acid as effective as aprotinin in reducing bleeding with cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis. Circulation 99:81–89

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Diprose P, Herbertson MJ, O’Shaughnessy D, Deakin CD, Gill RS (2005) Reducing allogeneic transfusion in cardiac surgery: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of antifibrinolytic therapies used in addition to intra-operative cell salvage. Br J Anaesth 94:271–278

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Casati V, Guzzon D, Oppizzi M, Bellotti F, Franco A, Gerli C, Cossolini M, Torri G, Calori G, Benussi S, Alfieri O (2000) Tranexamic acid compared with high-dose aprotinin in primary elective heart operations: effects on perioperative bleeding and allogeneic transfusions. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 120:520–527

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abt. für Transfusionsmedizin in der Chirurgischen Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen

    PD Dr. med. E. Strasser

  2. Klinik für Herzchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen

    Dr. med. F. Harig

  3. Zentrum für Herzchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen

    J. Bretzger ECCP (Leitender Kardiotechniker)

Authors
  1. PD Dr. med. E. Strasser
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dr. med. F. Harig
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. Bretzger ECCP
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskuläre Chirurgie, Universitäts-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf

    Peter Feindt

  2. Zentrum für Herzchirurgie Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen

    Frank Harig  & Michael Weyand  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Steinkopff Verlag Darmstadt

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Strasser, E., Harig, F., Bretzger, J. (2006). Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Therapie von Gerinnungsstörungen im Rahmen der extrakorporalen Zirkulation in der Herzchirurgie. In: Feindt, P., Harig, F., Weyand, M. (eds) Empfehlungen zum Einsatz und zur Verwendung der Herz-Lungen-Maschine. Steinkopff. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-7985-1646-4_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-7985-1646-4_12

  • Publisher Name: Steinkopff

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7985-1504-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7985-1646-5

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation