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Prologue

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Reference

  1. About Betti, the mathematical school of Pisa, and more in general about Italian mathematics after the Unity, see U. Bottazzini, Va’ pensiero. Immagini della Matematica nell’Italia dell’Ottocento, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1994.

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  2. On F. Brioschi see U. Bottazzini, Francesco Brioschi and the “Annali di Matematica”, in C.G. Lacaita, A. Silvestri (eds.), Francesco Brioschi e il suo tempo (1824–1897), Milano, Angeli, 2000, pp. 71–84; A. Brigaglia, Brioschi, Cremona e l’insegnamento della Geometria nel Politecnico, ibidem, pp. 403–418.

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  3. On F. Casorati see U. Bottazzini, Alla scuola di Weierstrass, in Va’ pensiero, op. cit., pp. 195–218; A. Gabba, Il carteggio Brioschi-Casorati, in C.G. Lacaita, A. Silvestri (eds.), Francesco Brioschi e il suo tempo (1824–1897), op. cit., pp. 419–429.

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  4. See L. Cremona, Introduzione ad una teoria geometrica delle curve piane, Mem. Accad. Sci. Bologna, 12 (1861), pp. 305–436; Preliminari di una teoria geometrica delle superficie, Mem. Accad. Sci. Bologna, n.s., 6 (1867), pp. 91–136 e 7 (1867), pp. 29–78.

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  5. As a young man, Beltrami was very active, given his Risorgimento ideals. As a result of these in 1856 he had to suspend his studies at the University of the Pavia before graduation and start working as a humble clerk. After the Kingdom of Italy was founded, Brioschi had him appointed without a public examination (on Cremona’s recommendation) as visiting professor in algebra and analytical geometry at the University of Bologna in 1862. Beltrami could at last devote himself to research and teaching, swinging for two decades between the Universities of Pisa, Rome and Pavia. He finally decided to settle in Rome, where he succeeded Brioschi as president of the Accademia nazionale dei Lincei. On Beltrami, see R. Tazzioli, Beltrami e i matematici “relativisti”. La meccanica in spazi curvi nella seconda metà dell’Ottocento, Bologna, Pitagora Editrice, 2000.

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  6. A collection of his letters, from 1854 to 1891, can be found in M. Castellana and F. Palladino (eds.), Giuseppe Battaglini, Bari, Levante ed., 1996.

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  7. Part of this correspondence (in particular 270 letters and postcards exchanged with Castelnuovo from 1891 to 1898, almost all regarding his early studies on the geometry over a surface) has been published and analysed in P. Garzio, “Singolaritá e Geometria sopra una superficie nella corrispondenza di C. Segre a G. Castelnuovo”, Archive for History of Exact Sciences, 43 (1991), n. 2, pp. 145–188.

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  8. G. Castelnuovo, Alcuni risultati sui sistemi lineari di curve appartenenti ad una superficie algebrica, Mem. Soc. It. Sci. XL, 10 (1896), pp. 82–102.

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  9. The whole correspondence is published in U. Bottazzini, A. Conte, P. Gario (eds.), Riposte Armonie. Lettere di Federigo Enriques a Guido Castelnuovo, Torino, Bollati Boringhieri, 1996.

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  10. F. Enriques, Sulla classificazione delle superficie algebriche e particolarmente sulle superficie di genere lineare p(1)=1, Note I e II, Rend. Acc. Lincei, 23 (1914), pp. 206–214 e 291–297.

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  11. G. Castelnuovo, F. Enriques, Die algebraischen Flächen vom Gesichpunkte der birationalen Transformationen aus, in Enzyklopädie d. Math. Wissensch., III (1914), 2, 1, C, pp. 674–768.

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  12. One can see C. Houzel, La geómetric algebrique, ed. Blanchard, Paris, 2002.

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  13. L. Bianchi, Sui simboli di Riemann a quattro indici e sulla curvatura di Riemann, Rend. Acc. Lincei, 11 (1902), pp. 3–7.

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  14. L. Pizzocchero, Geometria differenziale, in S. Di Sieno, A. Guerraggio, P. Nastasi, La Matematica Italiana dopo l’Unità. Gli anni tra le due guerre mondiali, Milano, Marcos y Marcos, 1998, pp. 321–379.

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  15. T. Levi-Civita, Sulla trasformazione delle equazioni dinamiche, Ann. Mat., 24 (1896), pp. 255–300.

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  16. T. Levi-Civita, Tipi di potenziali che si possono far dipendere da due sole coordinate, Atti Acc. Torino, 49 (1899), pp. 105–152.

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  17. See H.C. Kennedy, Life and work of Giuseppe Peano, Dordrecht, D. Reidel Publ. Comp., 1980. Peano’s Opere scelte have been published in three volumes, edited by the Unione Matematica Italiana (Roma, Cremonese).

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  18. See A. Guerraggio, Le Memorie di Volterra e Peano sul movimento dei poli, Archive for History of Exact Sciences, 1984, pp. 97–126.

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  19. L. Tonelli, Sulla rettificazione delle curve, Atti Acc. Sci. Torino, 1908.

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  20. L. Tonelli, Sull’integrazione per parti, Rend. Acc. Lincei, 1909.

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  21. L. Tonelli, Sui massimi e minimi assoluti nel calcolo delle variazioni, Rend. Circolo Mat. Palermo, 1911, pp. 297–337; Sur une méthode directe du calcul des variations, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 1914, pp. 1776–1778 and pp. 1983–1985; Sur une méthode directe du calcul des variations, Rend. Circolo Mat. Palermo, 1915, pp. 233–264.

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  22. On this issue, see A. Guerraggio, Economia e matematica in Italia tra Ottocento e Novecento, Scientia, 1986, pp. 13–39.

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  23. See A. Brigaglia, G. Masotto, Il Circolo Matematico di Palermo, Bari, Dedalo, 1982.

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(2006). Prologue. In: Italian Mathematics Between the Two World Wars. Science Networks. Historical Studies, vol 29. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-7643-7512-4_1

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