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The Biosynthesis of Aliphatic Polyketides

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Book cover Biosynthesis

Part of the book series: Topics in Current Chemistry ((4143,volume 195))

Abstract

Aliphatic polyketides are a large family of natural products which exhibit an impressive range of biological activities. They are synthesised by a common pathway in which units derived from acetate, propionate and butyrate are condensed onto a growing chain, which is initiated from a range of structurally varied carboxylic acid starter units, in a process closely resembling fatty acid biosynthesis. The intermediates remain bound to the polyketide synthase (PKS) throughout multiple rounds of chain extension, and to a variable degree, reduction of the newly formed β-keto functionality. It is the manner in which each different PKS controls the number and type of extender units added, and the extent and stereochemistry of reduction at each cycle which gives rise to the diverse structural variation seen in this family of natural products. Furthermore, the aglycone product of the PKS may be modified by post-PKS enzymes, including glycosidases, methyltransferases, acylases and oxidative enzymes, to produce still greater diversity. In this article the development of the field will be exemplified by a detailed discussion of the archetypal example of erythromycin A biosynthesis. This will then be followed by further discussion of other relevant areas of research in this field.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University Chemical Laboratory, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Great Britain

    James Staunton

  2. Bioprocessing Research Unit, Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, Great Britain

    Barrie Wilkinson

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  1. James Staunton
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Great Britain

    Finian J. Leeper

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, E3-44 Chemistry Building, Edmonton, T6G 2G2, Canada

    John C. Vederas

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Staunton, J., Wilkinson, B. (1998). The Biosynthesis of Aliphatic Polyketides. In: Leeper, F.J., Vederas, J.C. (eds) Biosynthesis. Topics in Current Chemistry, vol 195. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69542-7_2

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