Abstract
This paper is a description of recent advances in off-line signature verification research performed at our laboratory. Related works pertain to structural interpretation of signature images, directional PDF used as a global shape factor, the Extended Shadow Code (ESC) and the fuzzy ESC, a cognitive approach based on the Fuzzy ARTMAP, and shape factors related to visual perception.
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Structural approaches
Bastos, L.C., Bortolozzi, F., Sabourin, R. et Kaestner, C. “Mathematical Modelation of Handwritten Signatures by Conics”, to appears in Revista da Sociedade Paranaense de Matemática, october 1997.
Sabourin, R., Plamondon, R. et Beaumier, L., “Structural Interpretation of Handwritten Signature Images”, in the International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, Series in Machine Perception & Artificial Intelligence, World Scientific publishing co., vol. 13, 1994, pp. 709–748.
Sabourin, R., Plamondon, R. et Lorette, G., “Off-line Identification with Handwritten Signature Images: Survey and Perspectives”, in “Structured Document Image Analysis”, Baird, H.S., Bunke, H. and Yamamoto, K. editors, Springer-Verlag, pp. 219–234, October 1992.
Sabourin, R., “Choix d'un Facteur de Forme Basé sur lUtilisation des Matrices dÉchantillonnage Polaire (MEP)”, Conf. et Expo. sur l'Automatisation Ind., Montréal, pp 20.21–20.25, June 1992.
Sabourin, R. and Plamondon, R., “Observability and Similarity in Spatial Relations in the Structural Interpretation of Handwritten Signature Images”, The 7th Scandinavian Conf. on Image Analysis, Aalborg, Danemark, 12–17 august, pp. 477–485, 1991.
Sabourin, R., «Une Approche de Type Compréhension de Scène Appliquée au Problème de la Vérification Automatique de L'Identité par L'Image de la Signature Manuscrite», Thèse de Ph.D.,école Polytechnique de Montréal, December 1990.
Sabourin, R. and Plamondon, R., “Steps Toward Efficient Processing of Handwritten Signature Images”, Vision Interface 90, Halifax, Nova Scotia, May 1990, pp. 94–104.
Sabourin, R. and Plamondon, R., “Progress in the Field of Automatic Handwritten Signature Verification Systems Using Gray-level Images”, Proc. of the Inter. Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, Montréal, april 2nd and 3nd 1990, pp. 1–12.
Sabourin, R., Plamondon, R. and Lorette, G., “Off-line Identification with Handwritten Signature Images: Survey and Perspectives”, IAPR workshop on Syntactic and Structural Pattern Recognition, AT&T Murray Hill, New Jersey, June 1990, pp. 377–391.
Plamondon, R., Lorette, G. and Sabourin, R., “Automatic Processing of Signatures Images: Static Techniques and Methods”, in Handwriting Pattern Recognition, R. Plamondon, G. Leedham eds, World Scientific Pub., Singapore, 14 pages, July 1989.
Sabourin, R. and Plamondon, R., “Segmentation of Handwritten Signature Images Using The Statistics of Directional Data”, Proc. of the 9th ICPR, Rome, Italy, pp. 282–285, November 1988.
Sabourin, R. and Plamondon, R., “On the Implementation of Some Graphometric Techniques for Interactive Signature Verification: A Feasibility Study”, Proc. of The Third Int. Symp. on Handwriting and Computer Applications”, Montreal, Canada, pp 160–162, 1987.
Sabourin, R. and Plamondon, R., “Preprocessing of Handwritten Signatures from image Gradient Analysis”, Proc. of 8th ICPR, Paris, France, pp 576–579, 1986.
Sabourin, R. and Plamondon, R., “La vérification par ordinateur des Signatures Manuscrites”, ACFAS-86, Université de Montréal, may 1986.
Directional PDF
Drouhard, J.P., Sabourin, R. and Godbout, M., “A Neural Network Approach to Off-Line Signature Verification Using Directional PDF”, Pattern Recognition, Vol 29, No 3, March 1996, pp 415–424.
Drouhard, J.P., Sabourin, R. and Godbout, M., “A Comparative Study of the k Neareast Neighbour, Threshold and Neural Network Classifiers for Handwritten Signature Verification Using an Enhanced Directional PDF”, Third IAPR Conf. on Document Analysis and Recognition, August 14–16, 1995, Montreal, Canada, pp 807–810.
Drouhard, J.P., Sabourin, R. and Godbout, M., “Evaluation of a Training Method and of Various Rejection Criteria for a Neural Network Classifier Used for Off-Line Signature Verification”, IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, Orlando, Florida, june 26–july 2, 1994, 4294–4299.
Sabourin, R. and Drouhard, J.P., “Off-Line Signature Verification Using Directional PDF and Neural Networks”, Proc. of the 11th ICPR, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp 321–325, August 1992.
Sabourin, R., “Évaluation d'un Classificateur de Type LVQ de Kohonen pour la Vérification Automatique de l'Identité", Actes du Colloque National sur lÉrcrit et le Document, Nancy, France, 6–7 july, pp 160–167, 1992.
Sabourin,R., Drouhard, J.P., Gagné, L. and Paquet N., “Automatic Handwritten Signature Verification Using Directional PDF and Neural Networks: A Feasibility Study”, Conférence et Exposition sur l'Automatisation Industrielle, Montréal, 1–3 June, pp 20.17–20.20, 1992.
Extended shadow-code (ESC) and fuzzy-ESC
Simon, C., Levrat, E., Sabourin, R. and Bremont, J. “A Fuzzy Perception for Off-line Handwritten Signature Verification”, Proc of the BSDIA'97, Curitiba, Brazil, november 1997.
Simon, C., Levrat, E., Brémont, J. and Sabourin, R., “Codage d'images de signatures manuscrites pour la vérification hors-ligne”, LFA'96, Nancy, 4–5 december, pp 23–30, 1996.
Simon, C., Querelle, R., Levrat, E., Brémont, J. and Sabourin, R., “Codage d'images de signatures manuscrites pour la vérification hors-ligne”, 4ième Colloque National sur l'écrit et le document, Nantes, 3–5 july, pp 171–177, 1996.
Sabourin, R. and Genest, G., “Définition et évaluation d'une Famille de représentations pour la vérification hors-ligne des signatures”, Traitement du Signal, Vol. 12, No. 6, 1995, pp 585–596.
Sabourin, R. and Genest, G., “An Extended-Shadow-Code Based Approach for Off-Line Signature Verification: Part-II-Evaluation of Several Multi-Classifier Combination Strategies”, Third IAPR Conf. on Document Analysis and Recognition, August 14–16, 1995, Montreal, Canada, pp 197–201.
Sabourin, R. and Genest, G., “Coopération de Classificateurs pour la Vérification Automatique des Signatures”, Colloque National sur l'écrit et le Document, Rouen, France, july 6–8, 1994.
Sabourin, R. and Genest, G., “An Extended-Shadow-Code Based Approach for Off-Line Signature Verification: Part-I-Evaluation of The Bar Mask Definition”, 12th ICPR, Jerusalem, Israel, October 9–13, 1994, pp 450–453.
Sabourin, R., Cheriet, M. and Genest, G., “An Extended-Shadow-Code Based Approach for Off-Line Signature Verification”, Second IAPR Conf. on Document Analysis and Recognition, Tsukuba, Japan, october 20–22, pp 1–5, 1993.
Simon, C., Levrat, E., Sabourin, R. and Bombardier, V., “Vérification Automatique des Signatures Manuscrites par Classification Floue”, Troisièmes Journées Nationales: Les Applications des Ensembles Flous, Nimes, october 26–27 1993.
Fuzzy artmap, local template matching
Murshed, N.A., Bortolozzi, F. and Sabourin, R., “Binary Image Compression Using Back-propagation Neural Network”, SPIE Congress on Electronic Imaging (EI'97), San Jose, California, Feb 1997.
Murshed, N.A., Bortolozzi, F. and Sabourin, R., “A Cognitive Approach to Signature Verification”, in the International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, Special Issue on Bank Cheques Processing, to appear in 1997.
Murshed, N.A., Bortolozzi, F. and Sabourin, R., “Off-Line Signature Verification Using Fuzzy ARTMAP Neural Networks”, IEEE Inter. Conf. on Neural Networks, Perth, Western Australia, november 27–december 1st 1995, pp. 2179–2184.
Murshed, N.A., Bortolozzi, F. and Sabourin, R., “Off-line Signature Verification Without Requiring Random Forgeries for Training”, 3rd Inter. Computer Science Conference., Hong Kong, december 11–13 1995, pp 107–115.
Murshed, N.A., Bortolozzi, F. and Sabourin, R., “Off-line Signature Verification, Without a Priori Knowledge of class w2. A New Approach”, Third IAPR Conf. on Document Analysis and Recognition, August 14–16, 1995, Montreal, Canada, pp 191–196.
Visual perception
Sabourin, R., Drouhard, J.-P. and Sum Wah, E., “Shape Matrices as a Mixed Shape Factor for Off-line Signature Verification”, Proc. of the ICDAR'97, Ulm, Germany, August 18–20,1997.
Sabourin, R., Genest, G. and PrEteux, F., “Off-Line Signature Verification by Local Granulometric Size Distributions”, to appear in IEEE TPAMI (accepted for publication in june 1997).
Sabourin, R., “Une approche perceptuelle pour la définition d'une représention adaptée au problème de la vérification hors-ligne des signatures manuscrites”, ACFAS-96, Colloque sur l'intelligence artificielle dans les technologies de l'information: les enjeux et les techniques, may 15–16 1996, Univ. McGill, Montréal.
Sabourin, R., Genest, G. and Prêteux, F., “Pattern Spectrum as a Local Shape Factor for Off-Line Signature Verification”, 13th ICPR, Viena, Austria, August 1996, pp C43–C48.
Related references in the field of forensic sciences
Locard, E., “Traité de Criminalistique”, Lyon, Payoy, 1936.
Harrison, W.R., “Suspect Documents, Their Scientific Examination”, Nelson-Hall Publishers, Chicago, 1981, 583 pages.
Mathyer, J., “The Expert Examination of Signatures”, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science, Vol. 5, No. 3, May–June, pp. 122–133, 1961.
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Sabourin, R. (1997). Off-line signature verification: Recent advances and perspectives. In: Murshed, N.A., Bortolozzi, F. (eds) Advances in Document Image Analysis. BSDIA 1997. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1339. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63791-5_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63791-5_6
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