Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Synthesis and Photosynthesis pp 127–214Cite as

Polymers as free radical photoinitiators

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 123))

Abstract

The present review classifies, discusses and critically summarizes the results in the field of free radical polymerizations as well as of photocrosslinking and photografting reactions promoted by polymeric photoinitiators. Particular emphasis is given to the synthesis and structure-properties relations of the cited polymeric systems in order to optimize their molecular design for obtaining the desired performances. The advantages of polymeric photoinitiators with respect to the corresponding low-molecular-weight analogues are also examined. Attention is given to special applications from both the technological and fundamental point of view. Future developments based on the peculiarity of the polymeric systems to give synergistic effects are finally evidenced.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

7 References

  1. Hutchinson J, Ledwith A (1974) Adv Polym Sci 14: 49

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ledwith A (1976) J Oil Col Chem Assoc 59: 157

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Davis MJ, Doherty J, Godfrey AA, Green PN, Young JRA, Parrish MA (1978) J Oil Col Chem Assoc 61: 256

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. McGinnis VD (1979) Photogr Sci Eng 23: 124

    Google Scholar 

  5. Hammond GS, Moore WM (1959) J Am Chem Soc 81: 6334

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Block H, Ledwith A, Taylor AR (1971) Polymer 12: 271

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Braun D, Becker KH (1971) Makromol Chem 147: 91

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hutchinson J, Lambert MC, Ledwith A (1973) Polymer 14: 250

    Google Scholar 

  9. Breslow R (1972) Chem Soc Rev 1: 553

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Breslow R, Baldwin S, Flechtner T, Kalicky P, Liu S, Washburn W (1973) J Am Chem Soc 95: 3251

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Sumitomo H, Nobutoki K, Susaki K (1971) J Polym Sci A-1 9: 809

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. David C, Demarteau W, Geuskens G (1969) Polymer 10: 21

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Sànchez G, Weill G, Knoesel R (1978) Makromol Chem 179: 131

    Google Scholar 

  14. Gleria M, Minto F, Flamigni L, Bortolus P (1987) Macromolecules 20: 1766

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Gibson HW, Bailey FC, Chu JYC (1979) J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed 17: 777

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Barton J, Capek I, Susoliak O, Juranicovà V (1978) Makromol Chem 179: 2997

    Google Scholar 

  17. Heine H-G, Rosenkranz H-J, Rudolph H (1972) Angew Chem Int Ed 11: 974

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Carlini C, Ciardelli F, Donati D, Gurzoni F (1983) Polymer 24: 599

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Carlini C, Dal Canto S, Donati D, Moroni A (1983) Pitture e Vernici 59: 73

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Carlini C (1986) British Polym J 18: 236

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Carlini C, Ciardelli F, Rolla PA in: Patsis AV (ed) Proceedings of XIIIth Internat Conference in Organic Coatings Science and Technology, 7–11 July 1987, Athens; Proc p 79

    Google Scholar 

  22. Carlini C, Toniolo L, Rolla PA, Barigelletti F, Bortolus P, Flamigni L (1987) New Polym Mat 1: 63

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kamachi M, Kikuta Y, Nozakura S (1979) Polym J 11: 273

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. David C, Naegelen V, Piret W, Geuskens G (1975) Eur Polym J 11: 569

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Inokuti M, Hirayama F (1965) J Chem Phys 43: 1978

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. David C, Baeyens-Volant D, Geuskens G (1976) Eur Polym J 12: 71

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Flamigni L, Barigelletti F, Bortolus P, Carlini C (1984) Eur Polym J 20: 171

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Flamigni L, Bortolus P, Barigelletti F, Carlini C in: Marchetta C (ed) Proceedings of Internat Workshop on “Future Trends in Polymer Science and Technology. Polymers: Commodities or Specialities?”, 8–13 Oct 1984, Capri (Italy); Available from CNR, Rome, Vol 2, p 164

    Google Scholar 

  29. De Schryver FC, Boens N (1976) J Oil Col Chem Assoc 59: 171

    Google Scholar 

  30. Ledwith A, Bosley JA, Purbrick MD (1978) J Oil Col Chem Assoc 61: 95

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Fouassier JP (1983) J Chim Phys 80: 339

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Shaefer CG, Peters KS (1980) J Am Chem Soc 102: 7566

    Google Scholar 

  33. Cohen SG, Parola A, Parsons GH Jr (1973) Chem Rev 73: 141

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Berner G, Kirchmayr R, Rist G (1978) J Oil Col Chem Assoc 61: 105

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Ghosh P, Ghosh R (1981) Eur Polym J 17: 817

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Miyasaka H, Morita K, Kamada K, Nagata T, Kiri M, Mataga N (1991) Bull Chem Soc Jpn 64: 3229

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Clarke SR, Shanks RA (1980) J Macromol Sci Chem A14: 69

    Google Scholar 

  38. Ledwith A (1977) Pure & Appl Chem 49: 431

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Davis GA, Carapellucci PA, Szoc K, Gresser JD (1969) J Am Chem Soc 91: 2264

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Cohen SG, Parsons G (1970) J Am Chem Soc 92: 7603

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Davidson RS, Lambeth PF (1967) Chem Commun 1265

    Google Scholar 

  42. Bachmann WE (1933) J Am Chem Soc 55: 391

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Bartholomew RF, Davidson RS, Howell MJ (1971) J Chem Soc C 2804

    Google Scholar 

  44. Ledwith A, Purbrick MD (1973) Polymer 14: 521

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Sandner MR, Osborn CL, Trecker DJ (1972) J Polym Sci A-1 10: 3173

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Catalina F, Peinado C, Sastre R, Mateo JL, Allen NS (1989) J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem 47: 365

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Allen NS, Catalina F, Peinado C, Sastre R, Mateo JL, Green PN (1987) Eur Polym J 23: 985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Catalina F, Peinado C, Madruga EL, Sastre R, Mateo JL (1990) J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 28: 967

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Allen NS, Peinado C, Lam E, Kotecha JL, Catalina F, Navaratnam S, Parsons BJ (1990) Eur Polym J 26: 1237

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Catalina F, Peinado C, Mateo JL, Bosch P, Allen NS (1992) Eur Polym J 28: 1533

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Allen NS, Hurley JP, Rahman A, Follows GW, Waddel I (1993) Eur Polym J 29: 1155

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Kinstle JF, Watson SL Jr (1975) J Radiat Curing 2(2): 7

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Ciardelli F, Ruggeri G, Aglietto M, Angiolini D, Carlini C, Bianchini G, Siccardi G, Bigogno G, Cioni L (1989) J Coatings Technol 61: 77

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Smets G, Hamouly SNE, Oh TJ (1984) Pure & Appl Chem 56: 439

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Smets G (1985) Polym J 17: 153

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Smets G, Oh TJ (1986) ACS Polym Prepr 27: 80

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Tsubakiyama K, Kuzuba M, Yoshimura K, Yamamoto M, Nishijima Y (1991) Polym J 23: 781

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Smets G, Oh TJ (1986) J Polym Sci Part C: Polym Lett 24: 229

    Google Scholar 

  59. Mateo JL, Manzarbeitia JA, Sastre R (1987) J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem 40: 169

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Mateo JL, Bosch P, Catalina F, Sastre R (1993) J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 31: 153

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Carlini C, Ciardelli F, Rolla PA, Tombari E, Li Bassi G, Nicora C in: Radtech Europe '89 on Radiation Technologies, 9–11 Oct 1989. Florence. Available from Radtech Europe, Fribourg; Conference Papers p 369

    Google Scholar 

  62. Sengupta PK, Modak SK (1985) Makromol Chem 186: 1593

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Hageman HJ (1989) In: Allen NS (ed) Photopolymerisation and photoimaging science and technology. Elsevier Science Publishers, p 38

    Google Scholar 

  64. Davidson RS, Hageman H, Lewis S (1993) Radcure coatings and inks. Aspects of photoinitiation, 19–20 October 1993, Egham. Available from Paint Research Association, Teddington, Middlesex (UK); Conference Papers p 137

    Google Scholar 

  65. Ghosh P, Mitra PS (1975) J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed 13: 921

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Ghosh P, Mitra PS (1976) J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed 14: 981

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Ghosh P, Banerjee AN (1977) J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed 15: 203

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Ghosh P, Mitra PS (1977) J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed 15: 1743

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Ghosh P, Ghosh TK (1984) J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed 22: 2295

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Fouassier JP (1990) Progr Org Coatings 18: 229

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Chinmayanandam RB, Melville HW (1954) Trans Faraday Soc 50: 73

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Heine H-G (1972) Tetrahedron Lett 4755

    Google Scholar 

  73. Sandner MR, Osborn CL (1974) Tetrahedron Lett 415

    Google Scholar 

  74. Eichler J, Herz CP, Naito I, Schnabel W (1980) J Photochem 12: 225

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Delzenne GA, Laridon U, Peeters H (1970) Eur Polym J 6: 933

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Baxter JE, Davidson RS, Hageman HJ, McLauchlan KA, Stevens DG (1987) Chem Commun 73

    Google Scholar 

  77. Gaur HA, Groenenboom CJ, Hageman HJ, Hakvoort GTM, Oosterhoff P, Overeem T, Polman RJ, Van der Werf S (1984) Makromol Chem 185: 1795

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Fouassier JP, Lougnot DJ, Scaiano JC (1989) Chem Phys Lett 160: 335

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Gupta SN, Thijs L, Neckers DC (1981) J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed 19: 855

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Gupta I, Gupta SN, Neckers DC (1982) J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed 20: 147

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Schultz AR (1960) J Polymer Sci 47: 267

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Naito I, Schnabel W (1984) Polymer J 16: 81

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Naito I, Ueki T, Tabara S, Tomiki M, Kinoshita A (1986) J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 24: 875

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Angiolini L, Carlini C (1990) Chimica Industria 72: 124

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Lewis FD, Hoyle CH, Magyar JG (1975) J Org Chem 40: 488

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Allen NS, Hardy SJ, Jacobine AF, Glaser DM, Catalina F, Navaratnam S, Parsons BJ (1991) J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem 62: 125

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Fabrizio LF, Lin SOS, Jacobine AF (Loctite Corp) (1985) US 4,536,265; Chem Abs (1986) 104: 6677p

    Google Scholar 

  88. Huesler R, Kirchmayr R, Rutsch W, Rembold M (Ciba-Geigy AG) (1989) Eur Pat Appl EP 304,886; Chem Abs (1990) 112: 119595u

    Google Scholar 

  89. Li Bassi G, Nicora C, Cadonà L, Carlini C (Fratelli Lamberti S.p.A. and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche) (1985) Eur Pat Appl EP 161,463; Chem Abs (1986) 104: 169042s

    Google Scholar 

  90. Li Bassi G (1986) Pitture e Vernici 62: 30

    Google Scholar 

  91. Li Bassi G, Cadonà L, Broggi F in: Radcure Europe '87, 4–7 May 1987. Munich. Available from Assoc. Finish. Processes SME, Deaborn, MI; Conference Proc p 3–15

    Google Scholar 

  92. Kirchmayr R, Berner G, Huesler R, Rist G (1982) Farbe Lack 88: 910

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Phan XT (1986) J Radiat Curing 13: 11

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Phan XT (1986) J Radiat Curing 13: 18

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Fouassier JP, Lougnot DJ, Li Bassi G, Nicora C (1989) Polymer Commun 30: 245

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Koehler M, Ohngemach J in: Radcure Europe '87, 4–7 May 1987. Munich. Available from Assoc. Finish. Processes SME, Deaborn, MI; Conference Proc p 3–1

    Google Scholar 

  97. Köhler M, Poetsch E, Ohngemach J, Dorsch D, Eidenschink R, Greber G (Merck GmbH) (1988) Eur Pat Appl EP 258,719; Chem Abs (1988) 109: 139179c

    Google Scholar 

  98. Köhler M, Ohngemach J, Poetsch E (Merck GmbH) (1987) Ger Pat 3,534,645; Chem Abs (1987) 107: 134811b

    Google Scholar 

  99. Klos R, Gruber H, Greber G (1991) J Macromol Sci Chem A28: 925

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Lin SOS, Jacobine AF (Loctite Corp) (1985) US 4,534,838; Chem Abs (1986) 104: 51572m

    Google Scholar 

  101. Hatton KB, Irving E, Walsche JMA, Mallaband A (Ciba-Geigy AG) (1989) Eur Pat Appl EP 302,831; Chem Abs (1989) 111: 8004k

    Google Scholar 

  102. Schmidle CJ (Thiokol Corp) (1978) Belg Pat 860,306; Chem Abs (1978) 89: 25324j

    Google Scholar 

  103. Kurusu Y, Nishiyama H, Okaware M (1967) Kogyo Kagaku Zasshi 70: 593; Chem Abs (1968) 68. 4015k

    Google Scholar 

  104. Rudolph H, Rosenkranz HJ, Heine H-G (1975) Appl Polym Symp 26: 157

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Shim JS, Park NG, Kim UY, Ahn K-D (1984) Polymer (Korea) 8: 34; Chem Abs (1984) 100: 210503a

    Google Scholar 

  106. Hong SI (1990) Makromol Chem Macromol Symp 33: 213

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Ahn K-D, Ihn KI, Kwon I-C (1986) J Macromol Sci Chem A23: 355

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Ahn K-D, Kwon I-C, Choi H-S (1990) J Photopolym Sci Technol 3: 137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Angiolini L, Carlini C, Tramontini M, Altomare A (1990) Polymer 31: 212

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Fouassier JP, Ruhlmann D, Zahouily K, Angiolini L, Carlini C, Lelli N (1992) Polymer 33: 3569

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Hageman H, Davidson RS, Lewis S in: Radtech Europe '91, on Creating Tomorrow's Technology, 29 Sept–2 Oct 1991. Edinburgh (UK); Available from Radtech, Fribourg, Conference Proc p 691

    Google Scholar 

  112. Davidson RS (1993) J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem 69: 263

    Google Scholar 

  113. Allen NS, Catalina F, Green PN, Green WA (1986) Eur Polym J 22: 49

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Hoyle CE, Kim K-J (1987) J Appl Polym Sci 33: 2985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Hoyle CE, Keel M, Kim K-J (1988) Polymer 29: 18

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Carlini C, Angiolini L, Lelli N, Ciardelli F, Rolla PA in: XXth FATIPEC Congress, 17–21 Sept 1990. Nice. Available from EREC, Puteaux (France); Proc p 413

    Google Scholar 

  117. Di Battista P, Giaroni P, Li Bassi G, Angiolini L, Carlini C, Lelli N in: Radtech Europe '91 on Creating Tomorrow's Technology, 29 Sept–2 Oct 1991. Edinburgh (UK); Available from Radtech, Fribourg, Conference Proc p 655

    Google Scholar 

  118. Angiolini L, Caretti D, Carlini C, Lelli N (1993) Polym Adv Technol 4: 375

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Lechtken P, Buethe I, Hesse A (Basf AG) (1980) Ger Pat DE 2,830,927; Chem Abs (1980) 93: 46823u

    Google Scholar 

  120. Sumiyoshi T, Schnabel W, Henne A, Lechtken P (1985) Polymer 26: 141

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Baxter JE, Davidson RS, Hageman HJ, Overeen T (1987) Makromol Chem Rapid Commun 8: 311

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Jacobi M, Henne A (1985) Polym Paint Colour J 175: 636

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Nickolaus W, Hesse A, Scholz D (1980) Plastverarbeiter 31: 723

    Google Scholar 

  124. Angiolini L, Caretti D, Carlini C, Lelli N, Rolla PA (1993) J Appl Polym Sci 48: 1163

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Lechtken P, Buethe I, Jacobi M, Trimborn W (Basf AG) (1980) Ger Pat DE 2,909,994; Chem Abs (1981) 94: 103560c

    Google Scholar 

  126. Jacobi M, Henne A in: Radcure '83, May 9–11, 1983. Lausanne (Switzerland), Available from SME, Deaborn, MI, Technical Papers FC83-256

    Google Scholar 

  127. Angiolini L, Caretti D, Carlini C (1994) J Appl Polym Sci 51: 133

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Miller R, Michl J (1989) Chem Rev 89: 1359

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. West R, Wolf AR, Peterson DJ (1986) J Rad Curing 35

    Google Scholar 

  130. Eck H, Rengstl A, Jira R, Fleischmann G (Wacker-Chemie GmbH) (1989) Ger Pat DE 3,814,429; Chem Abs (1990) 112: 159751y

    Google Scholar 

  131. Kminek I, Yagci Y, Schnabel W (1992) Polym Bull 29: 277

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Timpe HJ, Ali S (1991) Acta Polym 42: 243

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Ajayaghosh A, Das S, George MV (1993) J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 31: 653

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Weir D, Ajayaghosh A, Muneer M, George MV (1990) J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem 52: 425

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Ajayaghosh A, Francis R, Das S (1993) Eur Polym J 29: 63

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Reiter RH, Rosen G (Sun Chemical Corp) (1976) US Pat 3,992,363; Chem Abs (1977) 86: 55143e

    Google Scholar 

  137. Koelher M, Ohngemach J (1989) Polym Mat Sci Eng 60: 1

    Google Scholar 

  138. Yagci Y, Hizal G, Tunca Ü (1990) Polym Commun 31: 7

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Yagci Y, Önen A (1991) J Macromol Sci Chem A28: 129

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Piirma I, Chou LP (1979) J Appl Polym Sci 24: 2051

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Banford CH (1974) in: Jenkins AD, Ledwith A (ed) Reactivity, mechanism and structure in polymer chemistry, John Wiley, New York, p 52

    Google Scholar 

  142. Yagci Y, Muller M, Schnabel W (1991) Macromol Reports A28 (Suppl 1): 37

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Yagci Y (1993) Radcure coatings and inks. Aspects of photoinitiation: Conference papers, 19–20 October 1993. Egham. Available from Paint Research Association, Teddington, Middlesex (UK), p 151

    Google Scholar 

  144. Maslyuk AF, Kercha SF, Sopina IM (1989) Ukr Khim Zh 55: 758; Chem Abs (1990) 112: 139872k

    Google Scholar 

  145. Himori S (Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co Ltd) (1988) Eur Pat Appl EP 296,850; Chem Abs (1989) 110: 232282m

    Google Scholar 

  146. Otsu T, Yoshida M (1982) Makromol Chem Rapid Commun 3: 127

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Otsu T, Kuriyama A (1985) Polym J 17: 97

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Turner SR, Blevins RW (1990) Macromolecules 23: 1856

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Otsu T, Himori S, Kiriyama T (Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co Ltd) (1988) Eur Pat Appl EP 286,376; Chem Abs (1989) 110: 136755x

    Google Scholar 

  150. Himori S (Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co Ltd) (1990) Eur Pat Appl EP 386,615; Chem Abs (1991) 114: 7427a

    Google Scholar 

  151. Yagci Y, Önen A, Schnabel W (1991) Macromolecules 24: 4620

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Vlasov GP, Rudkovskaya GD, Ovsyannikova LA (1982) Makromol Chem 183: 2635

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Mezger T, Cantow H-J (1983) Makromol Chem Rapid Commun 4: 313

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Lanza E, Berghmans H, Smets G (1973) J Polym Sci Polym Phys Ed 11: 95

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Doi T, Smets G (1989) Macromolecules 22: 25

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Köhler M, Dorsch D, Ohngemach J, Greber G (Merck GmbH) (1989) Eur Pat Appl EP 341,560; Chem Abs (1990) 112: 159156h

    Google Scholar 

  157. Dietliker K, Rembold MW, Rist G, Rutsch W, Sitek F in: Radcure Europe '87, 4–7 May 1987. Munich. Conference Proc p 3–37

    Google Scholar 

  158. Dietliker K (1993) Radiation curing in polymer science and technology, Vol. II Photoinitiating systems, Fouassier JP, Rabek JF (eds). Elsevier Science Publ, London and New York, Chapt 3, p. 155

    Google Scholar 

  159. Meier K, Zweifel H (1986) J Photochem 35: 353

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Fouassier JP, Lougnot DJ (1990) in: ACS Symposium Series 147, Hoyle CE, Kinstle JF (Eds) Am Chem Soc. Washington, p 59

    Google Scholar 

  161. Fouassier JP, Burr D (1991) Eur Polym J 27: 657

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale e dei Materiali, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy

    C. Carlini & L. Angiolini

Authors
  1. C. Carlini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. L. Angiolini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer-Verlag

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Carlini, C., Angiolini, L. (1995). Polymers as free radical photoinitiators. In: Synthesis and Photosynthesis. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 123. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58908-2_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58908-2_4

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-58908-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-49137-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation