Skip to main content

Effectiveness of heuristics and simulated annealing for the scheduling of concurrent tasks — An empirical comparison

  • Paper Sessions
  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
PARLE '93 Parallel Architectures and Languages Europe (PARLE 1993)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 694))

Abstract

It is well-known that the scheduling of concurrent tasks with precedence constraints in parallel systems in order to minimize the makespan is NP-complete. We study both the average effectiveness and the average efficiency of 27 heuristics and 7 simulated annealing algorithms used for the minimization of makespan. It is shown, by a computational experiment, that the simulated annealing algorithms are very effective compared with the heuristics, provided these algorithms converge. It turns out that some heuristics are quite effective on the average, and that the heuristics, provided they are used together, have a qualitative behavior not much worse than that of the simulated annealing and are much more efficient.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. T. L. Adam, K. M. Chandy, J. R. Dickson, “A Comparison of List Schedules for Parallel Processing Systems”, Comm. ACM, Vol. 17, pp. 685–690, 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. E. G. Coffman Jr., R. L. Graham, “Optimal Scheduling for Two-Processor Systems”, Acta Informatica Vol. 1, pp. 200–213, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  3. E. G. Coffman Jr., Z. Lin, “On the Optimal Stochastic Scheduling of Out-Forests”, Operations Research, Vol. 40, Supp. No. 1, pp. S67–S75, Janvier 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  4. C. Coroyer, Z. Liu, “Effectiveness of Heuristics and Simulated Annealing for the Scheduling of Concurrent Tasks — An Empirical Comparison,” Rapport de Recherche INRIA, No. 1379, Jan. 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  5. R. L. Graham, “Bounds on Multiprocessing Timing Anomalies”, SIAM J. Appl. Math., Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 416–429, 1969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. B. Hajek, “Cooling Schedules for Optimal Annealing”, Mathematics of Operations Research, Vol. 13, No. 2, may 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  7. B. Hajek, G. Sasaki, “Simulated Annealing — to cool or not”, Systems and Control Letters, Vol. 12, pp. 443–447, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Y. C. Hu, “Parallel Sequencing and Assembly Line Problems”, Operations Research, Vol. 9, 841–848, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  9. S. Kirkpatrick, C. D. Gellat Jr., M. P. Vecchi, “Optimization by Simulated Annealing”, Science, Vol. 220, pp. 671–680, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  10. P. J. M. van Laarhoven, E. H. L. Aarts, “Simulated Annealing: Theory and Applications”, D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  11. J. K. Lenstra, A. H. G. Rinnooy Kan, “Complexity of Scheduling under Precedence Constraints”, Operations Research, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 22–35, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Z. Liu, “A Note on Graham's Bound.” Information Processing Letters, Vol. 36, pp. 1–5, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Z. Liu, J. Labetoulle, “A Heuristic Method for Loading and Scheduling Flexible Manufacturing Systems”, Proc. of the Intern. Conf. Control 88, London, IEE Conference Publication, No. 285, pp. 195–200, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  14. C. V. Ramamoorthy, K. M. Chandy, M. J. Gonzalez Jr., “Optimal Scheduling Strategies in a Multiprocessor System”, IEEE Transactions on Computers, Vol. C-21, No. 2, pp. 137–146, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  15. J. Ramanujam, F. Ercal, P. Sadayappan, “Task Allocation by Simulated Annealing”, Proceedings of the Third Intern. Conf. on Supercomputing, Vol 3, 471–480, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  16. F. B. Talbot, J. H. Patterson, W. V. Gehrlein, “A Comparative Evaluation of Heuristic Line Balancing Techniques”, Management Science, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 430–454, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Arndt Bode Mike Reeve Gottfried Wolf

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Coroyer, C., Liu, Z. (1993). Effectiveness of heuristics and simulated annealing for the scheduling of concurrent tasks — An empirical comparison. In: Bode, A., Reeve, M., Wolf, G. (eds) PARLE '93 Parallel Architectures and Languages Europe. PARLE 1993. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 694. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-56891-3_36

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-56891-3_36

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-56891-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-47779-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics