Abstract
Experimental and theoretical studies performed on thermoshrinking N-alkylacrylamide gels are described. Equilibrium swelling ratios are presented for the gels in the presence of no additives, a surfactant (SDS), inorganic salts, polar organic components and tetraalkylammonium bromides. The gel studies are carefully matched to polymer cloud point studies and it is shown that the hydrophobicity of the monomer unit of the polymer greatly controls the phase behavior. A new model which can describe not only thermoswelling but also thermoshrinking types of volume phase transitions is presented. Dynamical studies performed with light scattering during spinodal decomposition provide new information on diffusion coefficients and mass transfer in the gels. Our studies provide new data on the use of a gel in membrane applications. We report permeation characteristics of a composite membrane of thermosensitive gel and porous glass. These include volume flux and rejection properties. It is pointed out that the change in the permeation characteristics results from that in micropore structures of the gel.
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Abbreviations
- B:
-
second virial coefficient
- C:
-
composition
- Cf :
-
solute concentration in feed solution [mol/cm3]
- Cp :
-
solute concentration in permeate solution [mol/cm3]
- f:
-
free energy density [reg]
- fi :
-
number of dissociated counterion per polymer chain
- I(q, t):
-
intensity of scattered light
- l:
-
polymer segment length [cm]
- M:
-
mobility
- m:
-
total number of monomer unit
- NA :
-
Avogadro number
- Nb :
-
physical crosslinking point
- Ns :
-
number of solvent molecule in gel
- Nsc :
-
number of shout chain
- n:
-
number of segment in polymer chain
- P:
-
aspect ratio of polymer segment
- q:
-
wave number [1/cm]
- Rg :
-
mean-square end-to-end distance of polymer chain [cm]
- Rgθ :
-
mean-square end-to-end distance of polymer chain at Tθ [cm]
- R(q):
-
amplification factor [1/s]
- T:
-
absolute temperature [K]
- Tr :
-
reduced temperature
- Tθ :
-
θ temperature
- V:
-
volume of gel [cm3]
- V 0 :
-
molar volume of monomer and solvent [cm3]
- α:
-
expansion factor
- θ:
-
scattering angle of light [deg]
- κ:
-
energy gradient coefficient [erg cm2]
- λ:
-
initial state index
- λw :
-
wave length of light [cm]
- Δπ :
-
osmotic pressure difference [Pa]
- φ:
-
monomer unit concentration in gel
- φ 0 :
-
value of φ in standard state
- NCPA:
-
N-cyclopropylacrylamide
- NIPA:
-
N-isopropylacrylamide
- NNPA:
-
N-n-propylacrylamide
- PEG:
-
poly(ethylene glycol)
- VBC:
-
viscosity B coefficient
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© 1993 Springer-Verlag
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Saito, S., Konno, M., Inomata, H. (1993). Volume phase transition of N-alkylacrylamide gels. In: Dušek, K. (eds) Responsive Gels: Volume Transitions I. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 109. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-56791-7_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-56791-7_5
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