Abstract
We report here on some of the major developments achieved on optical observations of gravitational lenses since the last conference devoted to “Gravitational Lensing” (Toulouse, September 1989). After describing the main surveys and photometric monitorings which are being carried out in the form of systematic searches for gravitational lensing effects, we review the optical observations published during the last two years for selected individual cases (essentially multiply imaged quasars and micro-lensed candidates. Preliminary results of lensing statistics applied to a sample of more than 200 highly luminous quasars are then presented both for the effectiveness parameter F of galaxies and for the density parameter Ω L of compact lenses to produce macro-lensed images of distant quasars.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Altieri, B., Giraud, E.: 1991, The Messenger 64, 63
Angonin, M.C., Remy, M., Surdej, J., Vanderriest, C.: 1990, Astron. Astrophys. Letters 233, L5
Annis, J.T.: 1991, title in the final programme of the 178th AAS meeting (Seattle, ] WA), p. 37
Bahcall, J.N., Maoz, D., Doxsey, R. et al.: 1991, preprint
Bennett, D.P. et al.: 1991, preprint
Borgeest, U., Schramm, K.J., Refsdal, S.: 1990, in Mellier et al. 1990, p. 203
Borgeest, U., Dietrich, M., Hopp, U., Kollatschny, W., Schramm, K.-J.: 1991, Astron. Astrophys. 243, 93
Borgeest, U., Linde, J.V., Refsdal, S.: 1991, preprint
Börner, G., Buchert, T., Schneider, P.: 1989, eds., “Cosmology and Gravitational Lensing”, proceedings of a Workshop held at Ringberg-Castle, June 1989; MPA/P3
Christian, C.A., Crabtree, D., Waddell, P.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 312, 45
Conner, S.R., Lehár, J., Burke, B.F.: 1991, preprint
Corrigan, R.T., Irwin, M.J., Arnaud, J. et al.: 1991, preprint
Crampton, D., McClure, R.D., Fletcher, J.M., Hutchings, J.B.: 1989, Astron. J. 98, 1188
Crane, R., Albrecht, R., Barbieri, C. et al.: 1991, Astrophys. J. 369, L 59
Djorgovski, S., Spinrad, H.: 1984, Astrophys. J. 282, L1
Djorgovski, S., Meylan, G.: 1989a, in “Active Galactic Nuclei”: Proceedings of the IAU Symp. N° 134, eds. D. Osterbrock and J. Miller, (Dordrecht: Kluwer), p. 269
Djorgovski, S., Meylan, G.: 1989b, in Moran et al. 1989, p. 173
Duncan, R.C.: 1991, Astrophys. J. 375, L41
Falco, E.,E., Shapiro, I.,I., Krolik, J.,H.: 1990, in Mellier et al. 1990, p. 96
Falco, E.E., Gorenstein, M.V., Shapiro, I.I.: 1991a, Astrophys. J. 372, 364
Falco, E.E., Wambsganss, J., Schneider, P.: 1991b, MNRAS 251, 698
Foltz, C.B., Weymann, R.J., Röser, H.-J. et al.: 1984, Astrophys. J. 281, L1
Foy, R., Bonneau, D., Blazit, A.: 1985, Astron. Astrophys. 149, L13
Fugmann, W.: 1990, preprint, Astron. Astrophys.
Fukugita, M., Turner, E.L.: 1991, preprint POP-391
Fukugita, M., Futamase, T., Kasai, M.: 1990, MNRAS 246, 24p
Fukugita, M., Futamase, T., Kasai, M., Turner, E.L.: 1991, preprint POP-422
Gear, W.K.: 1991, Nature 349, 676
Hammer, F., Le Fèvre, O.: 1990, Astrophys. J. 357, 38
Hammer, F., Le Fèvre, 0., Angonin, M.C. et al.: 1991, Astron. Astrophys. (in press)
Hayman, P.G.: 1990, MNRAS 245, 358
Hazard, C., McMahon, R.G., Sargent, W.L.W.: 1986, Nature 322, 38
Heflin, M.B., Gorenstein, M.V., Lawrence, C.R., Burke, B.F., Shapiro, I.I.: 1990, in Mellier et al. 1990, p. 136
Henry, J.P., Heasley, J.N.: 1986, Nature 321, 139
Hewitt, P.C., Webster, R.L., Harding, M.E. et al.: 1989, Astrophys. J. 346, L61
Hewitt, J.N., Turner, E.L., Lawrence, C.R. et al.: 1987a, Astrophys. J. 321, 706
Hewitt, J.N., Turner, E.L., Burke, B.F. et al.: 1987b, in “Observational Cosmol ogy”: Proceedings of IAU Symp. N 124, eds. A. Hewitt et al. (Dordrecht: D. Reidel), p. 751
Hewitt, J.N., Turner, E.L., Schneider, D.P. et al.: 1988, Nature 333, 537
Hewitt, J.N., Burke, B.F., Turner, E.L. et al.: 1989, in Moran et al. 1989, p. 147
Hintzen, P., Romanishin, W., Valdes, F.: 1991, Astrophys. J. 366, 7
Hu, E.M.: 1990, Astrophys. J. 360, L7
Huchra, J.P., Gorenstein, M., Kent, S. et al.: 1985, Astron. J. 90, 691
Irwin, M.J., Webster, R.L., Hewitt, P.C., Corrigan, R.T., Jedrzejewski, R.I.: 1989, Astron. J. 98, 1989
Jaroszynski, M.: 1991, MNRAS 249, 430
Kassiola, A., Kovner, I., Blandford, R.D.: 1991, preprint
Kayser, R., Surdej, J., Condon, J.J. et al.: 1990, Astrophys. J. 364, 15
Kidger, M.R., de Diego, J.A.: 1990, Astron. Astrophys. 227, L25
Kochanek, C.: 1990, preprint
Kochanek, C.: 1991a, private communication (E-mail
Kochanek, C.S.: 1991b, preprint
Kochanek, C.S.: 1991c, preprint
Langston, G.I., Fischer, J., Aspin, C.: 1991, Astron. J., in press
Langston, G.I., Schneider, D.P., Conner, S.: 1989, Astron. J. 97, 1283
Lawrence, C.R., Schneider, D.P., Schmidt, M. et al.: 1984, Science 223, 46
Le Fèvre, O., Hammer, F., Nottale, L. et al.: 1987, Nature 326, 268
Le Fèvre, O., Hammer, F.: 1988, Astrophys. J. 333, L37
Lehár, J., Hewitt, J.N., Roberts, D.H., Burke, B.F.: 1991, preprint
Lindblad, P.O.: 1991, private communication
Magain, P., Surdej, J., Swings, J.-P. et al.: 1988, Nature 334, 325
Magain, P., Surdej, J., Vanderriest, C., Pirenne, B., Hutsemékers, D.: 1992, Astron. Astrophys. Letters, in press
Makino, F. et al.: 1989, Astrophys. J. 347, L9
Mao, S.: 1991, preprint POP-406
Mao, S., Paczyński, B.: 1991, Astrophys. J. 374, L37
Mellier, Y., Fort, B., Soucail, G.: 1990, eds., “Gravitational Lensing”, Lecture Notes in Physics, vol. 360, Springer-Verlag
Meylan, G., Djorgovski, S.: 1989, Astrophys. J. 338, L1
Moran, J.M., Hewitt, J.N., Lo, K.Y.: 1989, eds., “Gravitational Lenses”, Lecture Notes in Physics, vol. 330, Springer-Verlag
Nadeau, D., Yee, H.K.C., Forrest, W.J. et al.: 1991, Astrophys. J. 376, 430
Narasimha, D., Chitre, S.M.: 1989, Astron. J. 97, 327
Narayan, R.: 1989, Astrophys. J. 339, L53
Narayan, R.: 1991, Astrophys. J. 378, L5
Nemiroff, R.: 1991a, Phys. Review Letters 66, 538
Nemiroff, R.: 1991b, Comments Astrophys., 15, 139
Nieto, J.-L., Roques, S., Llebaria, A. et al.: 1988, Astrophys. J. 325, 644
Nottale, L.: 1986, Astron. Astrophys. 157, 383
Nottale, L.: 1988, Ann. Phys. Fr. 13, 223
Ostriker, J.P., Vietri, M.: 1985, Nature 318, 446
Ostriker, J.P., Vietri, M.: 1990, Nature 344, 45
Paczyński, B.: 1986, Astrophys. J. 304, 1
Paczyński, B.: 1991, Astrophys. J. 371, L63
Press, W.H., Gunn, J.E.: 1973, Astrophys. J. 185, 397
Press, W.H., Rybicki, G.B., Hewitt, J.N.: 1991a, CfA preprint 3249
Press, W.H., Rybicki, G.B., Hewitt, J.N.: 1991b, CfA preprint 3230
Racine, R.: 1991, preprint
Rao, A.P., Subrahmanyan, R.: 1988, MNRAS 231, 229
Rauch, K.P., Blandford, R.D.: 1991, preprint GRP-268
Remillard, R.A., Grossan, B., Bradt, H.V. et al.: 1991, Nature 350, 589
Rhee, G.: 1991, Nature 350, 211
Roberts, D.H., Lehár, J., Hewitt, J.N., Burke, B.F.: 1991, Nature 352, 43
Sargent, W.L.W., Filippenko, A.V., Steidel, C.C., Hazard, C., McMahon, R.G., 1986, Nature 322, 40
Saust, A.B.: 1991, Astron. Astrophys. 243, 33
Schild, R.E.: 1990, Astron. J. 100, 1771
Schild, R.E., Smith, R.C.: 1991, Astron. J. 101, 813
Schneider, P.: 1991, MPA preprint 584
Schneider, P., Ehlers, J., Falco, E.E.: 1992, “Gravitational Lensing”, Springer-Verlag, in press
Shaklan, S.B., Hege, E.K.: 1986, Astrophys. J. 303, 605
Shaya, E.: 1991, HST PC frames presented during the recent XXIst General Assembly of the IAU in Buenos Aires (end of July 1991)
Smette, A., Surdej, J., Shaver, P.A. et al.: 1991, in the Proceedings of the ESO Mini-Workshop on Quasar Absorption Lines, ESO Scientific Report N° 9, 37
Smette, A., Surdej, J., Shaver, P.A. et al.: 1992, Astrophys. J., in press
Sol, H., Vanderriest, C., Lelièvre, G., Pedersen, H., Schneider, J.: 1984, Astron. Astrophys. 132, 105
Steidel, C.C., Sargent, W.L.W.: 1990, Astron. J. 99, 1693
Steidel, C.C., Sargent, W.L.W.: 1991, preprint
Stickel, M.: 1990, to be published in the proceedings of the Workshop on “Variability in active galaxies”, Heidelberg, September 1990
Surdej, J., Magain, P., Swings, J.-P. et al.: 1987, Nature 329, 695
Surdej, J., Swings, J.P., Magain, P. et al.: 1988, in the proceedings of a workshop on “Optical surveys for quasars”, Astron. Soc. of the Pac. Conf. Series 2, 183
Surdej, J.: 1990, in Mellier et al. 1990, pp. 57 and 311
Surdej, J., Angonin, M.C., Arnaud, J. et al.: 1991, in the proceedings of the Second D.A.E.C. Workshop on “Large Scale Structures in the Universe”, in press
Trinchieri, G., Fabbiano, G., Elvis, M.: 1990, Astrophys. J. 356, 430
Turner, E.L., Ostriker, J.P., Gott III, J.R.: 1984, Astrophys. J. 284, 1
Turner, E.L., Hillenbrand, L.A., Schneider, D.P. et al.: 1988, Astron. J. 96, 1682
Vanderriest, C., Lemonnier, J.P.: 1987, in “Instrumentation in Astronomy”, Proceedings of the 1987 Santa Cruz Workshop, p. 304
Vanderriest, C., Schneider, J., Herpe, G. et al.: 1989, Astron. Astrophys. 215, 1
Véron, P.: 1991, Bibliography of gravitational lenses, OHP, France
Vidal-Madjar, A., Aubourg, E., Knuth, D. et al.: 1991, in the proceedings of the Second D.A.E.C. Workshop on “Large Scale Structures in the Universe”, in press
Walsh, D., Carswell, R.F., Weymann, R.J.: 1979, Nature 279, 381
Wambsganss, J., Paczński, B., Katz, N.: 1990a, Astrophys. J. 352, 407
Wambsganss, J., Paczyński, B., Schneider, P.: 1990b, Astrophys. J. 358, L33
Wambsganss, J., Paczyński, B.: 1991, preprint POP-395
Webster, R.L., Hewett, P.C., Irwin, M.J.: 1988, Astron. J. 95, 19
Weedman, D.W., Weymann, R.J., Green, R.topet al.: 1982, Astrophys. J. 255, L5
Weir, N., Djorgovski, S.: 1991a, to appear in the proceedings of the 10th International Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods Workshop, held in Laramie, WY, July 1990, eds. W.T. Grandy, Jr., and L. Schick, (Dordrecht: Kluwer)
Weir, N., Djorgovski, S.: 1991b, Astron. J. 101, 66
Weymann, R.J., Latham, D., Angel, J.R.P. et al.: 1980, Nature 285, 641
Wilkinson, P.N.: 1990, paper presented at COSPAR (July 1990)
Witt, H-J., Kayser, R., Refsdal, S.: 1990, preprint
Yee, H.K.C., De Robertis, M.M.: 1991, preprint
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer-Verlag
About this paper
Cite this paper
Surdej, J., Claeskens, J.F., Hutsemékers, D., Magain, P., Pirenne, B. (1992). Optical observations of gravitational lenses. In: Kayser, R., Schramm, T., Nieser, L. (eds) Gravitational Lenses. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 406. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55797-0_77
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55797-0_77
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-55797-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-47286-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive