Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evolution of data models

  • Database System And Architecture Concepts For Novel Applications
  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Database Systems of the 90s (IBM 1990)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 466))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Relational, complex object, and object-oriented data models seem to establish three diverging directions and it appears hopeless to arrive at a new higher-level unifying data model as a new platform for the non-traditional applications as well as for the classical ones. In this paper, however, we give some evidence that recent object models can be considered as an evolution from classical ones. Specifically, we describe a first evolutionary path from relations through nested relations and complex objects to object networks. A second evolutionary path starts from the DBTG network model and shows how this is turned into an object network again. Similar observations apply for other models, such as semantic data models or knowledge representation languages. Thus, we conclude that the next generation object-oriented data models should integrate concepts from these predecessors. This enables compatibility, coexistence, and cooperation between the different systems as well as a possible migration path, and may lead to a new overall data model platform for application development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. S. Abiteboul and N. Bidoit. Non first normal form relations to represent hierarchically organized data. In Proc. ACM SIGACT/SIGMOD Symp. on Principles of Database Systems, pages 191–200, Waterloo, 1984. ACM, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  2. S. Abiteboul and C. Beeri. On the power of languages for the manipulation of complex objects. Technical Report 846, INRIA, Paris, May 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  3. S. Abiteboul, P. C. Fischer, and H.-J. Schek, editors. Nested Relations and Complex Objects in Databases, volume 361 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Heidelberg, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  4. S. Abiteboul and P.C. Kanellakis. Object identity as a query language primitive. In Proc. ACM SIGMOD Conf. on Management of Data, pages 159–173, Portland, June 1989. ACM, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  5. D. Beech. A foundation for evolution from relational to object databases. In J.W. Schmidt, S. Ceri, and M. Missikoff, editors, Advances in Database Technology — EDBT' 88. Springer LNCS 303, March 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  6. C. Beeri. Formal models for object-oriented databases. In W. Kim, J.-M. Nicolas, and S. Nishio, editors, Proc. 1st Int'l Conf. on Deductive and Object-Oriented Databases, pages 370–395, Kyoto, December 1989. North-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  7. J. Banerjee, W. Kim, and K.-C. Kim. Queries in object-oriented databases. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Data Engineering, pages 31–38, Los Angeles, CA, February 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  8. F. Bancilhon, P. Richard, and M. Scholl. On line processing of compacted relations. In Proc. Int. Conf. on Very Large Databases, pages 263–269, Mexico, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  9. R. J. Branchman and J. G. Schmolze. An overview of the knowledge representation system. Cognitive Science, 9:171–216, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  10. M. J. Carey, D. J. DeWitt, and S. L. Vandenberg. A data model and query language for EXODUS. In Proc. ACM SIGMOD Conf. on Management of Data, pages 413–423, Chicago, IL, May 1988. ACM, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  11. O. Deux et al. The story of O 2. IEEE Trans. on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2(1):91–108, March 1990. Special Issue on Prototype Systems.

    Google Scholar 

  12. U. Dayal. Queries and views in an object-oriented data model. In R. Hull, R. Morrison, and D. Stemple, editors, 2nd Int'l Workshop on Database Programming Languages, pages 80–102, Oregon Coast, June 1989. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, Ca.

    Google Scholar 

  13. C. Deheneffe and H. Hennebert. NUL: A navigational user's language for a network-structured database. In Proc. ACM SIGMOD Conf. on Management of Data, pages 135–142, Washington, D.C., 1976. ACM, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  14. K. R. Dittrich. Object-oriented database systems: The notions and the issues. In Proc. Int. Workshop on Object-Oriented Database Systems, Pacific Grove, CA, September 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  15. P. Dadam, K. Küspert, F. Andersen, H. Blanken, R. Erbe, J. Günauer, V. Lum, P. Pistor, and G. Walch. A DBMS prototype to support extended NF2 relations: An integrated view on flat tables and hierarchies. In Proc. ACM SIGMOD Conf. on Management of Data, pages 356–366, Washington, 1986. ACM, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  16. P. Dadam and V. Linnemann. Advanced information management (AIM): Database technology for integrated applications. IBM Systems Journal, 28(4):661–681, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  17. P. C. Fischer and S. J. Thomas. Operators for non-first-normal-form relations. In Proc. IEEE Computer Software and Applications Conf., pages 464–475, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  18. G. Graefe and D. Maier. Query optimization in object-oriented database systems. In K. R. Dittrich, editor, Proc. Int. Workshop on Object-Oriented Database Systems, pages 358–363, Bad Münster, September 1988. Springer LNCS 334, Heidelberg.

    Google Scholar 

  19. A. Heuer. A data model for complex objects based on a semantic data model. In S. Abiteboul, P. C. Fischer, and H.-J. Schek, editors, Nested Relations and Complex Objects in Databases, pages 297–312. Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 361, Heidelberg, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  20. R. Hull and R. King. Semantic database modeling: Survey, applications, and research issues. ACM Computing Surveys, 19(3):201–260, September 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  21. B.C. Housel. QUEST: A high-level query language for network, hierarchical, and relational databases. In P. Scheuermann, editor, Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Databases—Improving Database Usability and Responsiveness, pages 95–119, Jerusalem, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  22. S. Heiler and S.B. Zdonik. Views, data abstractions, and inheritance in the FUGUE data model. In K.R. Dittrich, editor, Advances in Object-Oriented Database Systems, Heidelberg, September 1988. Springer LNCS 334.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Siemens AG, Munich. UDS Dialog System IQS. User Manual, 1986. (in German).

    Google Scholar 

  24. G. Jaeschke and H.-J. Schek. Remarks on the algebra of non-first-normal-form relations. In Proc. ACM SIGACT/SIGMOD Symp. on Principles of Database Systems, pages 124–138, Los Angeles, March 1982. ACM, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  25. R. Jungclaus, G. Saake, and C. Sernadas. Using active objects for query processing. In Proc. IFIP TC2 Conf. on Object Oriented Databases — Analysis, Design & Construction (DS-4), Windermere, U.K., July 1990. to appear.

    Google Scholar 

  26. W. Kim. A model of queries for object-oriented databases. In Proc. Int. Conf. on Very Large Databases, pages 423–432, Amsterdam, August 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  27. M. Kifer and G. Lausen. F-Logic: A higher order language for reasoning about objects, inheritance, and scheme. In Proc. ACM SIGMOD Conf. on Management of Data, pages 134–146, Portland, OR, May 1989. ACM, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  28. H.-J. Klein. Pragmatics and semantics of NQL, a descriptive query language for network databases. Information Systems, 14(1):29–45, March 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  29. P.-Å. Larson. The data model and query language of LauRel. IEEE Database Engineering Bulletin, 11(3):23–30, September 1988. Special Issue on Nested Relations.

    Google Scholar 

  30. C. Lécluse and P. Richard. Modeling complex structures in object-oriented databases. In Proc. ACM SIGACT/SIGMOD Symp. on Principles of Database Systems, pages 360–368, Philadelphia, PA, March 1989. ACM, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  31. F. A. Manola and U. Dayal. PDM: An object-oriented data model. In Proc. Int. Workshop on Object-Oriented Database Systems, Pacific Grove, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  32. B. Meyer. Object-Oriented Software Construction. International Series in Computer Science. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  33. B. Mitschang. The Molecule-Atom data model. In H.-J. Schek, editor, Proc. GI Conf. on Database Systems for Office, Engineering and Scientific Applications, Darmstadt, April 1987. Springer IFB 136, Heidelberg. (in German).

    Google Scholar 

  34. F. Manola and A. Pirotte. CQLF—a query language for CODASYL-type databases. In Proc. ACM SIGMOD Conf. on Management of Data, pages 94–103, Orlando, Fl., 1982. ACM, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  35. T. W. Olle. The CODASYL Approach to Data Base Management. J. Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  36. C. Peltason, A. Schmiedel, C. Kindermann, and J. Quantz. The BACK system revisited. Technical Report KIT-Report 75, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, September 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  37. H.-B. Paul, H.-J. Schek, M. H. Scholl, G. Weikum, and U. Deppisch. Architecture and implementation of the Darmstadt database kernel system. In Proc. ACM SIGMOD Conf. on Management of Data, San Francisco, 1987. ACM, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  38. P. Pistor and R. Traunmüller. A data base language for sets, lists, and tables. Information Systems, 11(4):323–336, December 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  39. M. A. Roth, H. F. Korth, and D. S. Batory. SQL/NF: A query language for-1NF relational databases. Information Systems, 12(1):99–114, March 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  40. M. A. Roth, H. F. Korth, and A. Silberschatz. Extended algebra and calculus for nested relational databases. ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 13(4):389–417, December 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  41. U. Reimer and H.-J. Schek. A frame-based knowledge representation model and its mapping to nested relations. Data & Knowledge Engineering, 4:321–352, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  42. J.W. Schmidt. Some high level language constructs for data of type relation. ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 2:247–267, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  43. J.W. Schmidt. Data models. In P.C. Lockemann and J.W. Schmidt, editors, Database Handbook. Springer, Heidelberg, 1987. Chapter 1.

    Google Scholar 

  44. M.E. Senko. DIAM II with FORAL-LP: Making pointed queries with light pen. In Information Processing '77, page 635ff., Amsterdam, 1977. North-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  45. D. Shipman. The functional model and the data language DAPLEX. ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 6(1):140–173, March 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  46. M. H. Scholl, H.-B. Paul, and H.-J. Schek. Supporting flat relations by a nested relational kernel. In Proc. Int. Conf. on Very Large Databases, pages 137–146, Brighton, September 1987. Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, Ca.

    Google Scholar 

  47. H.-J. Schek, H.-B. Paul, M.H. Scholl, and G. Weikum. The DASDBS project: Objectives, experiences and future prospects. IEEE Trans. on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2(1):25–43, March 1990. Special Issue on Prototype Systems.

    Google Scholar 

  48. M. Stonebraker, L.A. Rowe, and M. Hirohama. The implementation of POSTGRES. IEEE Trans. on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2(1):125–142, March 1990. Special Issue on Prototype Systems.

    Google Scholar 

  49. H.-J. Schek and M. H. Scholl. The NF2 relational algebra for a uniform manipulation of external, conceptual, and internal data structures. In J.W. Schmidt, editor, Sprachen für Datenbanken, pages 113–133. IFB 72, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1983. (in German).

    Google Scholar 

  50. H.-J. Schek and M. H. Scholl. The relational model with relation-valued attributes. Information Systems, 11(2):137–147, June 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  51. M.H. Scholl and H.-J. Schek. A relational object model. In Proc. Int'l. Conf. on Database Theory, Paris, December 1990. to appear.

    Google Scholar 

  52. M.H. Scholl and H.-J. Schek. A synthesis of complex objects and object-orientation. In Proc. IFIP TC2 Conf. on Object Oriented Databases — Analysis, Design & Construction (DS-4), Windermere, UK, July 1990. North-Holland. to appear.

    Google Scholar 

  53. G.M. Shaw and S.B. Zdonik. An object-oriented query algebra. IEEE Data Engineering, 12(3):29–36, September 1989. Special Issue on Database Programming Languages.

    Google Scholar 

  54. J. D. Ullman. Principles of Database and Knowledge-Base Systems, volume 1. Computer Science Press, Rockville, MD, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  55. G. Wiederhold. Views, objects, and databases. IEEE Computer, December 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  56. K. Wilkinson, P. Lyngbaek, and W. Hasan. The Iris architecture and implementation. IEEE Trans. on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2(1):63–75, March 1990. Special Issue on Prototype Systems.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Computer Science, Information Systems — Databases ETH Zentrum, ETH Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland

    Hans-Jörg Schek & Marc H. Scholl

Authors
  1. Hans-Jörg Schek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Marc H. Scholl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Albrecht Blaser

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Schek, HJ., Scholl, M.H. (1990). Evolution of data models. In: Blaser, A. (eds) Database Systems of the 90s. IBM 1990. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 466. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-53397-4_35

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-53397-4_35

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-53397-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-46835-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation