Abstract
In this paper, to develop a refinement relation for probabilistic and nondeterministic systems, we study a notion of probabilistic testing, that extends the testing framework of de Nicola and Hennessy for nondeterministic processes to the probabilistic setting. We present a model of probabilistic computation trees, which corresponds to the classic trace model for non-probabilistic systems. Our main contribution is a fully abstract characterization of the may-testing preorder which is essential for the probabilistic setting. The characterization is given based on convex closures of probabilistic computation trees.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Samson Abramsky. Observation equivalence as a testing equivalence. Theoretical Computer Science, 53(2,3):225–241, 1987.
I. Christoff. Testing equivalences and fully abstract models for probabilistic processes. In Baeten, editor, Proc. CONCUR, Amsterdam, volume 458 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 126–140. Springer Verlag, 1990.
R. Cleaveland, S. Smolka, and A. Zwarico. Testing preorders for probabilistic processes. In Proc. ICALP’ 92, 1992.
C. Courcoubetis and M. Yannakakis. The complexity of probabilistic verification. In Proc. 29th Annual Symp. Foundations of Computer Science, pages 338–345, 1988.
R. de Nicola and M. Hennessy. Testing equivalences for processes. Theoretical Computer Science, 34:83–133, 1984.
A. Giacalone, C. Jou, and S.A. Smolka. Algebraic reasoning for probabilistic concurrent systems. In Proc. IFIP TC2 Working Conference on Programming Concepts and Methods, Sea of Galilee, April 1990.
H. Hansson and B. Jonsson. A calculus for communicating systems with time and probabilities. In Proc. 11th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, Orlando, Florida, 1990.
H. Hansson and B. Jonsson. A logic for reasoning about time and reliability. Formal Aspects of Computing, 6:512–535, 1994.
S. Hart and M. Sharir. Probabilistic temporal logics for finite and bounded models. In Proc. 16th ACM Symp. on Theory of Computing, pages 1–13, 1984.
C. A. R. Hoare. Communicating Sequential Processes. Prentice-Hall, 1985.
B. Jonsson, C. Ho-Stuart, and Wang Yi. Testing and refinement for nondeterministic and probabilistic processes. In Langmaack, de Roever, and Vytopil, editors, Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems, volume 863 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 418–430. Springer Verlag, 1994.
B. Jonsson and Wang Yi. Compositional testing preorders for probabilistic processes. In Proc. 10th IEEE Int. Symp. on Logic in Computer Science, pages 431–441, 1995.
D. Kozen. A probabilistic pdl. In Proc. 15th ACM Symp. on Theory of Computing, pages 291–297, 1983.
K.G. Larsen and A. Skou. Bisimulation through probabilistic testing. Information and Control, 94(1):1–28, 1991.
Gavin Lowe. Probabilities and Priorities in Timed CSP. D.Phil thesis, Oxford, 1993.
Z. Manna and A. Pnueli. The anchored version of the temporal framework. In de Bakker, de Roever, and Rozenberg, editors, Linear Time, Branching Time and Partial Order in Logics and Models for Concurrency, volume 354 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 201–284. Springer Verlag, 1989
R. Milner. Communication and Concurrency. Prentice-Hall, 1989.
M.K. Molloy. Performance analysis using stochastic Petri nets. IEEE Trans. on Computers, C-31(9):913–917, Sept. 1982.
G. Plotkin. A structural approach to operational semantics. Technical Report DAIMI FN-19, Computer Science Department, Aarhus University, Denmark, 1981.
A. Pnueli and L. Zuck. Verification of multiprocess probabilistic protocols. Distributed Computing, 1(1):53–72, 1986.
S. Purushothaman and P.A. Subrahmanyam. Reasoning about probabilistic behavior in concurrent systems. IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering, SE-13(6):740–745, June 1989.
M.O. Rabin. Probabilistic automata. Information and Control, 6:230–245, 1963.
R. Segala. A compositional trace-based semantics for probabilistic automata. In Proc. CONCUR’ 95, 6th Int. Conf. on Concurrency Theory, volume 962 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 234–248. Springer Verlag, 1995.
R. Segala and N. Lynch. Probabilistic simulations for probabilistic processes. In Jonsson and Parrow, editors, Proc. CONCUR’ 94, 5th Int. Conf. on Concurrency Theory, number 836 in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 481–496. Springer Verlag, 1994.
R. Segala and N.A. Lynch. Probabilistic simulations for probabilistic processes. Nordic Journal of Computing, 2(2):250–273, 1995.
R. van Glabbeek, S.A. Smolka, B. Steffen, and C. Tofts. Reactive, generative, and stratified models of probabilistic processes. In Proc. 5th IEEE Int. Symp. on Logic in Computer Science, pages 130–141, 1990.
M. Y. Vardi and P. Wolper. An automata-theoretic approach to automatic program verification. In Proc. 1st IEEE Int. Symp. on Logic in Computer Science, pages 332–344, June 1986.
M.Y. Vardi. Automatic verification of probabilistic concurrent finite-state programs. In Proc. 26th Annual Symp. Foundations of Computer Science, pages 327–338, 1985.
S.-H. Wu, S.A. Smolka, and E.W. Stark. Composition and behaviors of probabilistic I/O-Automata. In Jonsson and Parrow, editors, Proc. CONCUR’ 94, 5th Int. Conf. on Concurrency Theory, number 836 in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 513–528. Springer Verlag, 1994.
Wang Yi. Algebraic reasoning for real-time probabilistic processes with uncertain information. In Langmaack, de Roever, and Vytopil, editors, Formal Techniques in Real-Time and Fault-Tolerant Systems, volume 863 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 680–693. Springer Verlag, 1994.
Wang Yi and K. Larsen. Testing probabilistic and nondeterministic processes. In Protocol Specification, Testing, and Verification XII, 1992.
S. Yuen, R. Cleaveland, Z. Dayar, and S.A. Smolka. Fully abstract characterizations of testing preorders for probabilistic processes. In Jonsson and Parrow, editors, Proc. CONCUR’ 94, 5th Int. Conf. on Concurrency Theory, number 836 in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 497–512. Springer Verlag, 1994
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Jonsson, B., Yi, W. (1999). Fully Abstract Characterization of Probabilistic May Testing. In: Katoen, JP. (eds) Formal Methods for Real-Time and Probabilistic Systems. ARTS 1999. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1601. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48778-6_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48778-6_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-66010-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-48778-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive