Skip to main content

Perspectives on Organizations in Multi-agent Systems

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Multi-Agent Systems and Applications (ACAI 2001)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 2086))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to illustrate and sensitize reader to the variety of perspectives and the fundamental nature of organizations as stable/stabilizing systems and as multi-perspective action systems. Researchers have been explicitly thinking about MAS/DAI organizations and attempting to link formal (human) organization theory with MAS/DAI models for at least twenty years. Despite this, the idea of organizations has been a peripheral theme in MAS/DAI research---primarily a specific coordination technique---not really one of the central intellectual issues of the field. The theory of ‘natural’ organizations has a somewhat longer, more diverse, and more thorough intellectual history than that of organizations in MAS. Beyond recent work in human social and organization theory, some newer research on abstract organizations has been attempting to unify concepts in biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and computing theory (e.g., the lambda calculus), with those of natural social organizations and multi-agent systems. The landscape for thinking about organizations in MAS is growing quite interesting, and this paper surveys this landscape. It presents and contrasts some conceptions of organization that have emerged and proven useful, and attempts to show how these have been implemented, experimented with, and applied. It also projects some future directions for research on MAS organizations, and gives some thoughts on where the most exciting issues lie.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Philip Anderson. “Complexity Theory and Organization Science” Organization Science, Volume 10,Number 3, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  2. W. Ross Ashby. “Principles of the Self-Organizing System”, in: Principles of Self-Organization, von Foerster, H. & Zopf G.W. (eds.), (Pergamon, Oxford), p. 255–278, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors. Readings in Distributed Artificial Intelligence. San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Leo Buss. The Evolution of Individuality. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Kathleen M. Carley and Michael J. Prietula, editors. Computational Organization Theory. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Hillsdale, NJ, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Kathleen Carley and Les Gasser, “Computational Organization Research,” in Gerhard Weiss, ed., Distributed Artificial Intelligence, MIT Press, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Michael D. Cohen, James G. March and Johan P. Olsen. “A Garbage Can Model of Organizational Choice.” Administrative Science Quarterly, 17(1):1–25, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Daniel D. Corkill and Susan Lander. “Diversity in Agent Organizations,” 1998. http://www.bbtech.com/papers/organizational-diversity.html

  9. Daniel D. Corkill. A Framework for Organizational Self-Design in Distributed Problem-Solving Networks, Ph.D. Dissertation, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Richard Cyert and James G. March. A Behavioral Theory of the Firm. 2nd Edition. Blackwell Publishers, Cambridge, MA, 1992 [1963].

    Google Scholar 

  11. Edmund H. Durfee, Victor R. Lesser, and Daniel D. Corkill. “Coherent Cooperation Among Communicating Problem Solvers.” IEEE Transactions on Computers, C-36: 1275–1291, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Manfred Eigen and Peter Schuster. The Hypercycle: A Principle of Natural Self-Organization. Springer, Berlin, 1979

    Google Scholar 

  13. Jacques Ferber. “Multi-Agent Systems: An Introduction to Distributed Artificial Intelligence”. Addison-Wesley, 1999

    Google Scholar 

  14. W. Fontana and Leo W. Buss, “The barrier of objects: From dynamical systems to bounded organizations,” in: Boundaries and Barriers, J. Casti and A. Karlqvist (eds.), pp. 56–116, Addison-Wesley, 1996

    Google Scholar 

  15. Mark S. Fox. “An Organizational View of Distributed Systems,” pp. 140–150 in Bond, Alan H. and Gasser, Les (eds.) (1988) Readings in Distributed Artificial Intelligence (San Mateo,CA: Morgan Kaufmann).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Jay Galbraith. Designing Complex Organizations. Addison-Wesley, Reading MA, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Les Gasser “Social Knowledge and Social Action: Heterogeneity in Practice,” Invited Paper, in Proceedings of the 1993 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-93), Chambery, France, pp. 751–757, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Les Gasser, “Computational Organization Research”. International Conference on Multi-agent Systems, San Francisco, June 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Les Gasser, “MACE: an Advanced, Integrative Infrastructure Supporting the Science of MAS.” Working Paper LG-2001-04, GSLIS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  20. L. Gasser, “MAS Infrastructure Definitions, Needs, Prospects”, in T. Wagner and O Rana, (eds.), Infrastructure for Scalable Multi-agent Systems, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Les Gasser, Nicholas Rouquette, Randall W. Hill, and Jon Lieb, “Representing and Using Organizational Knowledge in Distributed AI Systems.” In Les Gasser and Huhns, M.N., Distributed Artificial Intelligence, Volume II. Pitman Publishers, Ltd., London, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Les Gasser, Ingemar Hulthage, Brian Leverich, John Lieb, and Ann Majchrzak. “Organizations as Complex, Dynamic Design Problems,” in M. Filgueiras and L. Damas, eds. Progress in Artificial Intelligence. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 727, Springer Verlag, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Les Gasser and Toru Ishida. “A Dynamic Organizational Architecture for Adaptive Problem Solving,” In Proceedings of the National Conference on AI, pages 52–58. July, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Anthony Giddens. The Constitution of Society, University of California Press, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Toru Ishida, Les Gasser and Makoto Yokoo. “Organization Self-Design of Distributed Production Systems.” IEEE Transactions on Data and Knowledge Engineering, 4(2): 123–134, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Yan Jin and Raymond Levitt. “The Virtual Design Team: A Computational Model of Project Organizations.” Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, 2(3): 171–196, 1996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Edward E. Lawler and John G. Rhode, Information and Control in Organizations, Goodyear Publishing Company, Pacific Palisades, CA 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  28. G.G. Lendaris. “On the Definition of Self-Organizing Systems”, IEEE Proceedings 5, p. 324–325, 1964.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Thomas W. Malone. “Modeling Coordination in Organizations and Markets.” Management Science, 33: 1317–1332, 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Peter K. Manning, “Rules in an Organizational Context”, in Organizational Analysis, Sage, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  31. James G. March and Herbert A. Simon. Organizations. Wiley, 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  32. James G. March, Xueguang Zhou, and Martin Schulz. Dynamics Of Rules: Change In Written Organizational Codes. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  33. M.V. Nagendra Prasad, Victor R Lesser and Susan E Lander. “Learning Organizational Roles in a Heterogeneous Multi-agent System” in Working Notes for the AAAI cnSymposium on Adaptation, Co-evolution and Learning in Multi-Agent Systems, 1996. http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/prasad96learning.html

  34. G. Nicolis and I. Prigogine. Self-Organization in Non-Equilibrium Systems, Wiley, New York, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Brian T. Pentland. “Grammatical Models of Organizational Processes.” Organization Science, 6,5, pp. 541–556, 1995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Brian T. Pentland and H.H. Reuter. “Organizational Routines as Grammars of Action” Administrative Science Quarterly 39,3, pp. 484–510, 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. W.W. Powell and P.J. DiMaggio. The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Michael J. Prietula, Kathleen M. Carley and Les Gasser, editors. Simulating Organizations:Computational Models of Institutions and Groups. AAAI Press/MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Gerald R. Salancik and Hussein Leblebici. Variety and Form in Organizing Transactions: a Generative Grammar of Organization. Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 6:1–31, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Scerri, P., Tambe, M., Lee, H., Pynadath, D., et al. “Don’t Cancel My Barcelona Trip: Adjusting the Autonomy of Agent Proxies in Human Organizations.” Proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium on Socially Intelligent Agents: The Human in the Loop, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  41. W. Richard Scott. Organizations: Rational, Natural, and Open Systems, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ., 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  42. W. Richard Scott. Institutions and Organizations, Sage, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Herbert A. Simon. Administrative Behavior. Free Press, New York, 1947.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Herbert A. Simon. The Sciences of the Artificial, 3rd Edition, MIT Press, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Strauss, Anselm L. Continual Permutations of Action, Aldine de Gruyter, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Milind Tambe. “Agent Architectures for Flexible, Practical Teamwork.” In Proceedings of the National Converence on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Press, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  47. James Thompson. Organizations in Action. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Christoph von der Malsburg. “Network Self-Organization.” In Steven F. Zornetzer, Joel L. Davis, and Clifford Lau, editors. An Introduction to Neural and Electronic Networks, chapter 22, pages 421–432. Academic Press, New York, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Heinz von Foerster. “On Self-Organizing Systems and their Environments”, in: Self-Organizing Systems, Yovitts M.C. & Cameron S. (eds.), (Pergamon, New York), p. 31–50 1960. Well written, many interesting observations. Proof of meaningless of the term “SOS”, first (?) discussion of “growth of phase space” route to organization, on relative information, order from noise principle.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Stanley Wasserman and Katherine Faust. Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  51. Karl E. Weick. The Social Psychology of Organizing, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill Higher Education, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Wilson, D.S. & Sober, E. Reintroducing Group Selection to the Human Behavioral Sciences. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17(4) pp. 585–654, 1994. Also http://cogsci.soton.ac.uk/bbs/Archive/bbs.wilson.html (4/2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gasser, L. (2001). Perspectives on Organizations in Multi-agent Systems. In: Luck, M., Mařík, V., Štěpánková, O., Trappl, R. (eds) Multi-Agent Systems and Applications. ACAI 2001. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 2086. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-47745-4_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-47745-4_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-42312-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-47745-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics