Abstract
We introduce a right congruence relation that is the analogy of the Nerode congruence when catenation is replaced by shuffle. Using this relation we show that for certain subclasses of regular languages the shuffle decomposition problem is decidable. We show that shuffle decomposition is undecidable for context-free languages.
Work supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Grant OGP0147224 and the Bolyai János Research Grant of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. All correspondence to K. Salomaa, ksalomaa@cs.queensu.ca
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
J. Berstel, L. Boasson. Shuffle factorization is unique. Research report November 1999. http://www-igm.univ-mlv.fr/ berstel/Recherche.html complexity
C. Câmpeanu, K. Salomaa, S. Yu. Tight lower bound for the state complexity of shuffleof regular languages. Accepted for publication in Journal of Automata, Languages and Combinatorics.
P. Caron. Families of locally testable languages. Theoretical Computer Science 242 (2000) 361–376.
J.E. Hopcroft and J.D. Ullman. Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages and Computation. Addison-Wesley, 1979.
B. Imreh, M. Ito, M. Katsura. On shuffle closures of commutative regular languages. In: Combinatorics, Complexity & Logic, Proc. of DMTCS’96, Springer-Verlag, 1996, pp. 276–288.
M. Ito, L. Kari, G. Thierrin. Shuffle and scattered deletion closure of languages. Theoretical Computer Science 245 (2000) 115–133.
M. Jantzen. Extending regular expressions with iterated shuffle. Theoretical Computer Science 38 (1985) 223–247.
J. Jedrzejowicz, A. Szepietowski. Shuffle languages are in P. Theoretical Computer Science 250 (2001) 31–53.
S. Kim, R. McNaughton, R. McCloskey.Apolynomial time algorithm for the local testability problem of deterministic finite automata. IEEE Trans. Comput. 40 (1991) 1087–1093.
S. Kim, R. McNaughton. Computing the order of a locally testable automaton. SIAM Journal of Computing 23 (1994) 1193–1215.
A. Mateescu, G.D. Mateescu, G. Rozenberg, A. Salomaa. Shuffle-like operations on ω-words. In: New Trends in Formal Languages, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1218, Springer-Verlag, 1997, 395–411.
A. Mateescu, G. Rozenberg, A. Salomaa. Shuffle on trajectories: Syntactic constraints. Theoretical Computer Science 197 (1998) 1–56.
R. McNaughton, S. Papert. Counter-Free Automata. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. 1971.
A. Salomaa. Formal Languages. Academic Press, 1973.
A.N. Trahtman. Optimal estimation on the order of local testability of finite automata. Theoretical Computer Science 231 (2000) 59–74.
S. Yu. Regular languages. In: Handbook of Formal Languages, Vol. I, G. Rozenberg and A. Salomaa, eds., Springer-Verlag, pp. 41–110, 1997.
S. Yu, Q. Zhuang, K. Salomaa. The state complexities of some basic operations on regular languages. Theoretical Computer Science 125 (1994) 315–328.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Câmpeanu, C., Salomaa, K., Vágvölgyi, S. (2002). Shuffle Quotient and Decompositions. In: Kuich, W., Rozenberg, G., Salomaa, A. (eds) Developments in Language Theory. DLT 2001. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2295. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46011-X_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46011-X_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-43453-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-46011-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive