Abstract
This chapter presents why it is interesting to study the Figure of the Sun and how we can compute it. We first recall what is meant by the word “Figure” giving the definitions and the underlying physics. The basic principles are first stated as sometimes words are badly used leading to some confusion. Then, we present the theory of Figure developed up to the second order. Results are compared to observations, that are still difficult to be done as a high level of accuracy is needed. It is shown that the problem is due to the non constant velocity rate of the fluid, both on surface and with depth. This change of regime increases the flattening of the Sun, and consequently its gravitational moment, by comparison with a body rotating at a constant angular velocity. Values of J 2 are discussed. A dedicated space program, such as the program elaborated within the PICARD space mission will certainly help to solve the problem.
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Rozelot, JP., Lefebvre, S. (2003). The Figure of the Sun, Astrophysical Consequences. A Tutorial. In: Rozelot, J.P. (eds) The Sun’s Surface and Subsurface. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 599. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45755-0_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45755-0_2
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