Abstract
This review describes some of the recent developments in materials which exhibit enhanced two-photon absorption that can initiate photopolymerization or up-converted emission. Various optical methods including femtosecond time-resolved pump-probe experiments to characterize the two-photon properties are discussed. Finally, the applications of two-photon processes to optical power limiting, up-converted lasing, 3-D data storage, 3-D micro-fabrication, two-photon fluorescence microscopy and bio-imaging, and two-photon photodynamic therapy are presented.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Göppert-Mayer M (1931) Ann Phys 9:273
Kaiser W, Garret CGB (1961) Phys Rev Lett 7:229
Parthenopoulos DA, Rentzepis PM (1989) Science 245:843
Denk W, Strickler JH, Webb WW (1990) Science 248:73
Prasad PN, Williams DJ (1991) Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Effects in Molecules and Polymers. Wiley, New York
Bhawalkar JD, He GS, Prasad PN (1996) Rep Prog Phys 59:1041
He GS, Gvishi R, Prasad PN, Reinhardt BA (1995) Opt Commun 117:133
He GS, Bhawalkar JD, Zhao CF, Prasad PN (1995) Appl Phys Lett 67:2433
He GS, Yuan L, Cheng N, Bhawalkar JD, Prasad PN, Brott LL, Clarson SJ, Reinhardt BA (1997) J Opt Soc Am B 14:1079
Reinhardt BA, Brott LL, Clarson SJ, Dillard AG, Bhatt JC, Kannan R, Yuan L, He GS, Prasad PN (1998) Chem Mater 10:1863
Chung S-J, Kim K-S, Lin T-C, He GS, Swiatkiewicz J, Prasad PN (1999) J Phys Chem B 103:10741
Andronov A, Fréchet JN, He GS, Kim K-S, Chung S-J, Swiatkiewicz J, Prasad PN (2000) Chem Mater 12:2838
Ehrlich JB, Wu X-L, Lee I-YS, Hu Z-Y, Rockel H, Marder SR, Perry JW (1997) Opt Lett 22:1843
Albota M, Beljonne D, Bredas J-L, Ehrlich JE, Fu J-Y, Heikal AA, Hess SE, Kogej T, Levin MD, Marder SR, McCord-Maughon D, Perry JW, Rockel H, Rumi M, Subramaniam G, Webb WW, Wu X-L, Xu C (1998) Science 281:1653
Kim OK, Lee KS, Woo HY, Kim KS, He GS, Swiatkiewicz J, Prasad PN (2000) Chem Mater 12:284
Bhawalkar JD, He GS, Park CK, Zhao CF, Ruland G, Prasad PN (1996) Opt Commun 124:33
Zhao CF, Gvishi R, Narang U, Ruland G, Prasad PN (1996) J Phys Chem 100:4526
He GS, Bhawalkar JD, Zhao CF, Prasad PN (1996) IEEE J. Quantum Electron 32:749
He GS, Zhao CF, Bhawalkar JD, Prasad PN (1995) Appl Phys Lett 67:3703
He GS, Bhawalkar JD, Zhao CF, Park C-K, Prasad PN (1995) Opt Lett 20:2393
He GS, Xu GC, Prasad PN, Reinhardt BA, Bhatt JC, McKellar R, Dillard AG (1995) Opt Lett 20:435
He GS, Weder C, Smith P, Prasad PN (1998) J Quantum Electron. 34:2279
Tutt LW, Boggess TF (1993) Prog. Quantum Electron 17:299
Dvormikov AS, Rentzepis PM (1997) Opt Commun 136:1
Strickler JH, Webb WW (1991) Opt Commun 16:1780
Pudavar HE, Joshi MP, Prasad PN, Reianhardt BA (1999) Appl Phys Lett 74:1338
Parthenopoulos DA, Rentzepis PM (1990) J Appl Phys 68:5814
Dvormikov AS, Rentzepis PM (1995) Opt Commun 119:341
Gura T (1997) Science 276:1988
Bhawalkar JD, Swiatkiewicz J, Prasad PN, Pan SJ, Shin A, Samarabandu JK, Cheng PC, Reinhardt BA (1997) Polymer 38:4551
Wang X, Krebs LJ, Al-Nuri M, Pudavar HE, Ghosal S, Liebow C, Nagy AA, Schally AV, Prasad PN (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:11081
Bhawalkar JD, Swiatkiewicz J, Pan SJ, Samarabandu JK, Liou WS, He GS, Berezney R, Cheng PC, Prasad PN (1996) Scanning 18:562
Bhawalkar JD, Swiatkiewicz J, He GS, Prasad PN, Pan SJ, Samarabandu JK, Liou WS, Cheng PC (1996) CLEO’96 Technical Digest Series 9:19
Bhawalkar JD, Shih A, Pan SJ, Liou WS, Swiatkiewicz J, Reinhardt BA, Prasad PN, Cheng PC (1996) J Bioimaging 4:168
Cheng PC, Pan SJ, Bhawalkar JD, Swiatkiewicz J, Samarabandu JK, Liou WS, He GS, Prasad PN (1996) Scanning 18:148
Bhawalkar JD, Kumar ND, Zhao CF, Prasad PN (1997) J Clinical Laser Medicine & Surgery 37:510
Dick B, Hochstrasser RM, Trommmsdorf HP (1987) In: Chemla DS, Zyss J (eds), Resonant Molecular Optics: Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Crystals, vol 12. Academic, New York, p 159
He GS, Zieba J, Bradshaw JT, Kazmierczak MR, Prasad PN (1993) Opt Commun 104:102
Bhawalkar JD, He GS, Prasad PN (1995) Opt Commun 199:587
He GS, Bhawalkar JD, Prasad PN (1995) Opt Lett 20:1524
Kurihara T, Kanbara H, Kobayashi H, Kubodera K, Matsumoto S, Kaino T (1991) Opt Commun 84:149
Pang Y, Samoc M, Prasad PN (1991) J Chem Phys94:5282
Zhao MT, Cui Y, Samoc M, Prasad PN, Unroe MR, Reinhardt BA (1991) J Chem Phys 3:864
Sheik-Bahae M, Said AA, Van Stryland EW (1989) Opt Lett 14:955
Shiek-Bahae M, Said AA, Wei TH, Hagan DJ, Van Stryland EW (1990) IEEE J Quantum Electron 26:760
Swiatkiewicz J, Prasad PN, Reinhardt BA (1998) Opt Commun 157:135
Patelm CKN, Fleur PA, Slusher RE, Frisch HL (1966) Phys Rev Lett 16:971
Yoshida T, Miyasaki K, Fujisawa K (1975) Jpn J Appl Phys 14:1987
Gribkovskii VP (1979) Sov J Quantum Electron 9:1305
Gao WL, Vaucher AM, Ling JD, Lee CH (1982) Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 322:27
Yang XH (1993) Appl Phys Lett 62:1071
Rapp W, Gronau B (1971) Chem Phys Lett 8:529
Topp MR, Rentzepis PM (1971) Phys Rev A 3:358
Rubinov AN, Richardson MC, Sala K JAA (1975) Appl Phys Lett 27:358
Prokhorenko VI, Tikhonov EA, Shpak MT (1981) Sov J Quantum Electron 11:139
Qiu P, Penzkofer A (1989) Appl Phys B 48:115
Zaporozhchenko VA, Kachinskii AV, Korol’kov MV, Chenkhov OV (1989) Sov J Quantum Electron 19:1179
Kwok AS (1992) Opt Lett 17:1435
Gunter P, Huignard JP (1988) Photorefractive Materials and their Applications I. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
Hesselink L, Bashaw MC (1993) Opt Quantum Electron 25:611
Liphardt M, Goonesekera A, Jones B, Ducharme S, Takacs JM, Zhang L (1994) Science 263:367
Moerner WE (1987) Persistent Spectral Hole Burning: Science and Applications. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York
Kachru R, Kim MK (1989) Opt Lett 28:2186
Maruo S, Nkamura O, Kawata S (1997) Opt Lett 22:132
Wu ES, Strickler JH, Harrell WR, Webb WW (1992) SPIE Proc 1674:776
Frisken SJ (1993) Opt Lett 18:1035
Joshi MP, Pudavar HE, Swiatkiewicz J, Prasad PN, Reianhardt BA (1999) Appl Phys Lett 74:170
Min Y-H, Pudavar HE, Prasad PN, Bauer J, Vaia R (unpublished results)
White JG, Amos WB, Fordham M (1987) J Cell Biology 105:41
Wilson T, Sheppard C (1984) Theory and Practice of Scanning Optical Microscopy. Academic Press, London
Nagy A, Schally AV, Armatis P, Szepeshazi K, Halmos G, Kovacs M, Zarandi M, Groot K, Miyazaki M, Jungwirth A, Horvath J (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:7269
Schally AV, Nagy A (1999) Eur J Endocrinol 141:1
Fisher AMR, Murphree AL, Gomer CJ (1995) Lasers Surg Med 17:2
Dougherty TJ, Grindley G, Flel R (1974) J Nat. Cancer Inst 55:115
Dougherty TJ, Kaufman JE, Goldbarb A, Weishaupt KR, Boyle D, Mittleman A (1978) Cancer Res 38:2628
Moses D (1992) Appl Phys Lett 60:3215
Ferrer ML, Acuna AU, Amart-Guerri F, Costela A, Figuera JM, Florido F, Sastre R (1994) Appl Opt 33:2266
Brouwer H-J, Krasnikov VV, Hilberer A, Wildeman J, Hadziioannou G (1995) Appl Phys Lett 66:3404
Costela A, Garcia-Moreno I, Figuera JM (1996) J Appl Phys 80:3167
Hide F, Schwartz BJ, Diaz-Garcia MA, Heeger AJ (1996) Chem Phys Lett 256:424
Tessler N, Denton GJ, Friend RH (1996) Nature 382:695
Weder C, Wrighton MS (1996) Macromolecules 29:5157
Swanson LS, Lu F, Shinar J, Ding YW, Barton TJ (1993) Proc SPIE 1910:101
Montali A, Weder C, Smith P (1997) Proc. SPIE 3148:298
Weder C, Sarwa C, Bastiaansen C, Smith P (1997) Adv Mater 9:1035
Weder C, Sarwa C, Montali A, Bastiaansen C, Smith P (1998) Science 279:835
Montali A, Bastiaansen C, Smith PS, Weder C (1998) Nature 392:261
Weder C, Wrighton MS, Spreiter R, Bosshard C, Gunter P (1996) J Phys Chem 100:18931
Chung S-J, Jin J-I, Lee C-H, Lee C-E (1998) Adv Matr 10:684
Kim Y-H, Jeoung S-C, Kim D, Chung S-J, Jin J-I (2000) Chem Matr 12:1067
He GS, Kim K-S, Yuan L, Cheng N, Prasad PN (1997) Appl Phys Lett 71:1619
He GS, Bhawalkar JD, Zhao CF, Park CK, Prasad PN (1996) Appl Phys Lett 8:3549
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lin, TC. et al. (2003). Organics and Polymers with High Two-Photon Activities and their Applications. In: Lee, KS. (eds) Polymers for Photonics Applications II. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 161. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45642-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45642-2_3
Received:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-43157-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-45642-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive