Abstract
We describe the fields of disjunctive logic programming and disjunctive deductive databases from the time of their inception to the current time. Contributions with respect to semantics, implementations and applications are surveyed.
In the last decade many semantics have been proposed out of which we highlight what we believe to be the most influential ones and compare them. Basic ideas have been borrowed from the semantics of normal logic programs such as stable model semantics and well-founded semantics, which have been generalized in various ways to obtain semantics of disjunctive logic programs.
We discuss disjunctive systems such as DLV and Smodels, and related non-disjunctive systems such as XSB and DeReS, that have been implemented. We also describe applications of disjunctive logic programming: reasoning about declarative specifications, reasoning about actions, diagnosis (e.g. in medicine or biology), and in data integration that have resource predicates defined by multiple rules. We discuss the future needs to make the field practical: e.g. integrating concepts from databases (such as aggregation), optimization methods, and object orientation.
In Section 12 we discuss the influence that Bob Kowalski had on our work.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
K.R. Apt and H.A. Blair. Arithmetic classification of perfect models of stratified programs. Fundamenta Informaticae, XIII: pp. 1–18, 1990. With addendum in vol. XIV: pp. 339–343. 1991.
K.R. Apt and R.N. Bol. Logic programming and negation: a survey. Journal of Logic Programming, 19/20: pp. 9–71, 1994.
K.R. Apt, H.A. Blair, and A. Walker. Towards a theory of declarative knowledge. In [Min88b], pp. 89–148. 1988.
C. Aravindan, J. Dix, and I. Niemelä. DisLoP: Towards a Disjunctive Logic Programming System. Proc. LPNMR’97, Springer, LNAI 1265, pp. 342–353, 1997.
H. Andreka and I. Nemeti. The generalized completeness of Horn predicate logic as a programming language. Acta Cybernetica, 4(1): pp. 3–10, 1978.
J.J. Alferes, L.M. Pereira, and T.C. Przymusinski. ‘Classical’ negation in nonmonotonic reasoning and logic programming. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 20, pp. 107–142, 1998.
K.R. Apt. Logic programming. In J. van Leeuwen, editor, Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science, pp. 493–574. Elsevier, 1990.
K.R. Apt and M.H. van Emden. Contributions to the theory of logic programming. Journal of the ACM, 29(3): pp. 841–862, 1982.
S. Brass and J. Dix. A general approach to bottom-up computation of disjunctive semantics. In Nonmonotonic Extensions of Logic Programming. Springer, LNCS 927, pp. 127–155, 1995.
S. Brass and J. Dix. Disjunctive semantics based upon partial and bottom-up evaluation. Proc. ICLP’95, pp. 199–213. MIT Press, 1995.
S. Brass and J. Dix. Characterizations of the disjunctive Stable semantics by partial evaluation. J. of Logic Programming, 32(3): pp. 207–228, 1997.
S. Brass and J. Dix. Characterizations of the disjunctive well-founded semantics: confluent calculi and iterated GCWA. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 20(1): pp. 143–165, 1998.
S. Brass and J. Dix. Semantics of (disjunctive) logic programs based on partial evaluation. J. of Logic Prog., 38(3): pp. 167–213, 1999.
S. Brass, J. Dix, I. Niemelae, and T.C. Przymusinski: Comparison of the STATIC and the disjunctive well-founded semantics and their computation. Theoretical Computer Science, 251, 2001.
S. Brass, J. Dix, B. Freitag, and U. Zukowski. Transformation-based bottom-up computation of the well-founded model. Theory and Practice of Logic Programming, 1(5), pp. 497–538, 2001.
S. Brass, J. Dix, I. Niemelae, and T.C. Przymusinski: A Comparison of the static and the disjunctive well-founded semantics and its implementation. Proc. KR’98, pp. 74–85. Morgan Kaufmann, 1998.
S. Brass, J. Dix, and T.C. Przymusinski: Super logic programs. Proc. KR’96, pp. 529–541. Morgan Kaufmann, 1996.
P.A. Bonatti and T. Eiter. Querying disjunctive databases through nonmonotonic logics. Theoretical Computer Science, 160: pp. 321–363, 1996.
G. Brewka and T. Eiter. Preferred answer sets for extended logic programs. Journal of Artificial Intelligence 109(1–2): pp. 297–356, 1999.
R. Ben-Eliyahu and R. Dichter. Propositional semantics for disjunctive logic programs. AMAI 12: pp. 53–87, 1994.
R. Ben-Eliyahu and L. Palopoli. Reasoning with minimal models: efficient algorithms and applications. Proc. KR’94, pp. 39–50, 1994.
R. Ben-Eliyahu, L. Palopoli, and V. Zemlyanker. The expressive power of tractable disjunction. In Proc. of the 12th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI’96), pp. 345–349, 1996.
F. Buccafurri, W. Faber, and N. Leone. Disjunctive logic programs with inheritance. Proc. ICLP’99, pp. 79–93, 1999.
C. Baral and M. Gelfond. Logic programming and knowledge representation. Journal of Logic Programming, 19/20: pp. 73–148, 1994.
F. Buccafurri, N. Leone, and P. Rullo. Strong and weak constraints in disjunctive datalog. Proc. LPNMR’97. Springer, LNAI 265, pp. 2–17, 1997.
C. Bell, A. Nerode, R. Ng, and V.S. Subrahmanian. Mixed integer programming methods for computing nonmonotonic deductive databases. Journal of the ACM, 41(6): pp. 1178–1215, 1994.
F. Bry. Query evaluation in deductive databases: bottom-up and top-down reconciled. Journal of Data & Knowledge Engineering, 5(4): pp. 289–312, 1990.
M. Cadoli. The complexity for model checking for circumscriptive formulae. Information Processing Letters, 44: pp. 113–118, 1992.
M. Cadoli. Semantical and computational aspects of Horn approximations. Proc. IJCAI’93, pp. 39–44, 1993.
M. Cadoli. Panel on “Knowledge compilation and approximation”: terminology, questions, references. In Proc. of the 4th Int. Symp. on Artificial Intelligence and Math. (AI/Math’96), pp. 183–186, 1996.
A. Chandra and D. Harel. Structure and complexity of relational queries. Journal of Computer System Sci., 25: pp. 99–128, 1982.
A. Chandra and D. Harel. Horn clause queries and generalizations. J. of Logic Programming, 2(1): pp. 1–15, 1985.
E. Chan. A possible world semantics for disjunctive databases. IEEE Trans. Data and Knowledge Eng., 5(2): pp. 282–292, 1993.
M. Cadoli and M. Lenzerini. The complexity of closed world reasoning and circumscription. J. of Computer System Sciences, 43: pp. 165–211, 1994.
K. L. Clark. Negation as failure. In J. Minker, editors, Logic and Data Bases, Plenum Press, New York [GMN78], pp. 293–322. 1978.
P. Cholewiński, A. Marek, V. W. Mikitiuk, and M. Truszczyński. Computing with default logic. J. of Art. Intelli., 112(1–2): pp. 105–146, 1999.
E.F. Codd. Extending the database relational model to capture more meaning. ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 4(4): pp. 397–434, 1979.
J. Chomicki and V.S. Subrahmanian. Generalized closed world assumption is π2 0-complete. Inf. Processing Letters, 34: pp. 289–291, 1990.
M. Cadoli and M. Schaerf. A survey of complexity results for nonmonotonic logics. Journal of Logic Programming, 13: pp. 127–160, 1993.
W. Chen and D.S. Warren. A goal-oriented approach to computing the well-founded semantics. J. of Logic Progr., 17(2–4): pp. 279–300, 1993.
H. Decker. On the declarative, operational and procedural semantics of disjunctive computational theories. In Proc. of the Second Intl. Workshop on the Deductive Approach to Inf. Syst. and Databases (DAISD’91), 1991.
E. Dantsin, T. Eiter, G. Gottlob, and A. Voronkov. Complexity and expressive power of logic programming. In Proc. of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC’97), pp. 82–101, 1997.
J. Dix, U. Furbach, and I. Niemelä. Nonmonotonic reasoning: towards efficient calculi and implementations. In A. Voronkov and A. Robinson, editors, Handbook of Automated Reasoning. Elsevier-Science-Press, 1999.
W.F. Dowling and J.H. Gallier. Linear time algorithms for testing the satisfiability of propositional Horn formulae. Journal of Logic Programming, 1: pp. 267–284, 1984.
J. Dix, G. Gottlob, and V. Marek. Reducing disjunctive to nondisjunctive semantics by shift operations. Fundamenta Informaticae, 28(1,2): pp. 87–100, 1996.
J. Dix. A framework for representing and characterizing semantics of logic programs. Proc. KR’92, pp. 591–602. Morgan Kaufmann, 1992.
J. Dix. A classification-theory of semantics of normal logic programs: I. Strong properties and II. Weak properties. Fund. Informaticae, XXII(3): pp. 227–255 and 257–288, 1995.
J. Dix. Semantics of logic programs: their intuitions and formal properties. An overview. In A. Fuhrmann and H. Rott, editors, Logic, Action and Information-Essays on Logic in Philosophy and Artificial Intelligence, DeGruyter, pp. 241–327. 1995.
J. Dix and F. Stolzenburg. A framework to incorporate nonmonotonic reasoning into constraint logic programming. Journal of Logic Programming, 37(1,2,3): pp. 47–76, 1998.
A. del Val. An analysis of approximate knowledge compilation. Proc. IJCAI’95, 1995.
T. Eiter, W. Faber, N. Leone, and G. Pfeifer. Declarative problem solving using the DLV system. In J. Minker, editor, Book on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence, Kluwer, 2000.
T. Eiter, W. Faber, N. Leone, G. Pfeifer, and A. Polleres. Planning under incomplete knowledge. in Proc. of the First International Conference on Computational Logic (CL’2000), Springer, LNAI1861, pp. 807–821, 2000.
T. Eiter and G. Gottlob. Complexity aspects of various semantics for disjunctive databases. Proc. PODS’93, pp. 158–167. ACM Press, 1993.
T. Eiter and G. Gottlob. On the computation cost of disjunctive logic programming: Propositional case. AMAI 15(3–4): pp. 289–323, 1995.
T. Eiter and G. Gottlob. Expressiveness of stable model semantics for disjunctive logic programs with functions. Journal of Logic Programming, 33(2): pp. 167–178, 1997.
T. Eiter, G. Gottlob, and H. Mannila. Adding disjunction to Datalog. Proc. PODS’94, pp. 267–278, 1994.
K. Eshghi, R.A. Kowalski. Abduction compared with Negation by Failure. Proc. ICLP’89, pp. 234–254. MIT Press, 1989.
T. Eiter, N. Leone, C. Mateis, G. Pfeifer, and F. Scarcello. The kr system DLV: Progress report, comparisons, and benchmarks. Proc. KR’98, pp. 406–417, 1998.
T. Eiter, N. Leone, and D. Saccà. On the partial semantics for disjunctive deductive databases. AMAI 19(1–2): pp. 59–96, 1997.
T. Eiter, N. Leone, and D. Saccà. Expressive power and complexity of partial models for disjunctive deductive databases. Theoretical Computer Science, 206(1–2): pp. 181–218, 1998.
J.A. Fernández, J. Grant, and J. Minker. Model theoretic approach to view updates in deductive databases. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 17(2): pp. 171–197, 1996.
M. Fitting. A Kripke-Kleene semantics for logic programs. Journal of Logic Programming, 2: pp. 295–312, 1985.
M. Fitting. Bilattices and the semantics of logic programs, Journal of Logic Programming, 11: pp. 91–116, 1991.
J.A. Fernández, J. Lobo, J. Minker, and V.S. Subrahmanian. Disjunctive LP + integrity constraints = stable model semantics. AMAI 8(3–4): pp. 449–474, 1993.
W. Faber, N. Leone, and G. Pfeifer. Pushing goal derivation in DLP computations. Proc. LPNMR’97, Springer, LNAI1265, pp. 177–191, 1997.
J.A. Fernández and J. Minker. Computing perfect models of disjunctive stratified databases. In ILPS’91 Workshop on Disjunctive Logic Programming, 1991.
J.A. Fernández, J. Minker. Bottom-up evaluation of hierarchical disjunctive deductive databases. Proc. ICLP’91, pp. 660–675. MIT Press, 1991.
J.A. Fernández and J. Minker. Semantics of disjunctive deductive databases. In Proc. of the International Conference on Database Theory (ICDT’92), pp. 332–356, 1992. (Invited Paper).
J.A. Fernández and J. Minker. Bottom-up computation of perfect models for disjunctive theories. J. of Logic Programming, 25(1): pp. 33–51, 1995.
H. Gallaire and J. Minker, editors, Logic and Data Bases, Plenum Press, New York, 1978.
J. Grant, J. Horty, J. Lobo, and J. Minker. View updates in stratified disjunctive databases. J. Automated Reasoning, 11: pp. 249–267, 1993.
M.L. Ginsberg, editor. Readings in Nonmonotonic Reasoning. Morgan Kaufmann, 1987.
M. Gelfond and V. Lifschitz. The stable model semantics for logic programming. In Proc. of the 5th Intl. Conf. and Symp. on Logic Programming, pp. 1070–1080, MIT Press, 1988.
M. Gelfond and V. Lifschitz. Logic programs with classical negation. Proc. ICLP’90, pp. 579–597, MIT Press, 1990.
M. Gelfond and V. Lifschitz. Classical negation in logic programs and disjunctive databases. New Generation Computing, 9: pp. 365–385, 1991.
J. Grant and J. Minker. Answering queries in indefinite databases and the null value problem. In P. Kanellakis, editor, Advances in Computing Research: The Theory of Databases, pp. 247–267. 1986.
J. Grant and J. Minker. A logic-based approach to data integration. 2000. Submitted for publication.
M. Gelfond, H. Przymusinska, and T.C. Przymusinski. The extended closed world assumption and its relation to parallel circumscription. Proc. PODS’86, pp. 133–139, 1986.
S. Greco. Binding propagation in disjunctive databases. In Proc. of the Intl. Conf. on Very Large Databases (VLDB’98), pp. 287–298, 1998.
S. Greco. Optimization of disjunctive queries. Proc. ICLP’99, pp. 441–455, 1999.
S. Greco. Minimal founded semantics for disjunctive logic programming. Proc. LPNMR’99, Springer, LNAI 1730, pp. 221–235, 1999.
H. Herre and G. Wagner. Stable models are generated by a stable chain. Journal of Logic Programming, 30(2): pp. 165–177, 1997.
R. Hill. Lush resolution and its completeness. Technical Report DCL Memo 78, Department of Artificial Intelligence, Univ. of Edinburgh, 1974.
R. Hasegawa, K. Inoue, Y. Ohta, and M. Koshimura. Non-Horn magic sets to incorporate top-down inference into bottom-up theorem proving. Proc. CADE’97, pp. 176–190, 1997.
A. Itai and J.A. Makowsky. On the complexity of Herbrand’s theorem. Technical report, Dept. of Computer Science, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 1982.
T. Imielinski. Incomplete deductive databases. AMAI 3: pp. 259–293, 1991.
K. Inoue and C. Sakama. Transforming abductive logic programs to disjunctive programs. Proc. ICLP’93, pp. 335–353, 1993.
T. Imielinski and K. Vadaparty. Complexity of query processing in databases with OR-objects. Proc. PODS’89, pp. 51–65, 1989.
J. Jaffar, J.-L. Lassez, and J.W. Lloyd. Completeness of the Negation as Failure rule. Proc. IJCAI’83, pp. 500–506, 1983.
T. Janhunen, I. Niemelä, P. Simons, and J.-H. You: Unfolding partiality and disjunctions in stable model semantics. Proc. KR’2000, Morgan Kaufmann, 2000.
S. Kraus, D. Lehmann, and M. Magidor. Nonmonotonic reasoning, preferential models and cumulative logics. Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 44(1): pp. 167–207, 1990.
M. Kifer, G. Lausen, and J. Wu. Logical foundations of object-oriented and frame-based languages. J. of the ACM, 42(4), pp. 741–843, 1995.
R. A. Kowalski. Predicate logic as a programming language. Proc. of IFIP 4, pp. 569–574, 1974.
R.A. Kowalski. Logic for data description. In J. Minker, editors, Logic and Data Bases, Plenum Press, New York [GMN78], pp. 77–102. 1978.
R.A. Kowalski. The early years of logic programming. Communications of the ACM, 31(1): pp. 38–43, 1988.
P. Kolaitis and C. Papadimitriou. Why not negation by fixpoint? Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 43: pp. 125, 1991.
H.A. Kautz and B. Selman. Forming concepts for fast inference. Proc. AAAI’92, pp. 786–793, 1992.
W. Lipski. On databases with incomplete information. volume 28, pp. 41–70. ACM, New York, 1981.
J.W. Lloyd. Foundations of Logic Programming. Springer, 2nd ed., 1987.
J.-L. Lassez and M.J. Maher. Closure and fairness in the semantics of programming logic. Theoretical Computer Science, 29: pp. 167–184, 1984.
J. Lobo, J. Minker, and A. Rajasekar. Foundations of Disjunctive Logic Programming. MIT Press, 1992.
D.W. Loveland. Near-Horn Prolog. Proc. ICLP’87, pp. 456–459, 1987.
N. Leone, P. Rullo, F. Scarcello. Declarative and fixpoint characterizations of disjunctive stable models. Proc. ILPS’95, pp. 399–413. MIT Press, 1995.
N. Leone, P. Rullo, and F. Scarcello. Stable model checking for disjunctive programs. In Prof. of Logic in Databases (LID’96), pp. 281–294, 1996.
N. Leone, P. Rullo, and F. Scarcello. Disjunctive stable models: Unfounded sets, fixpoint semantics and computation. Information and Computation, 135: pp. 69–112, 1997.
D. Loveland, D. Reed, and D. Wilson. Satchmore: Satchmo with relevancy. Technical report, Duke Univ., Durham, North Carolina, USA, 1993.
K.-C. Liu and R. Sunderraman. On representing indefinite and maybe information in relational databases: A generalization. Proc. of IEEE Data Engineering, pp. 495–502, 1990.
R. Manthey and F. Bry. Satchmo: A theorem prover implemented in Prolog. Proc. CADE’88, 1988.
J. McCarthy. Programs with common sense. In Proc. Teddington Conf. on the Mechanisation of Thought Processes, pp. 75–91, London, 1959. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.
J. McCarthy. Circumscription-a form of non-monotonic reasoning. Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 13(1,2): pp. 27–39, 1980.
D. McDermott and J. Doyle. Non-monotonic logic I. Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 13: pp. 41–72, 1980.
J. Minker. On indefinite databases and the closed world assumption. Proc. CADE’82, Also in: Springer, LNCS 138, pp. 292–308, 1982.
J. Minker. Perspectives in deductive databases. Journal of Logic Programming, 5: pp. 33–60, 1988.
J. Minker, editor. Foundations of Deductive Databases and Logic Programming. Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.
J. Minker. Toward a foundation of disjunctive logic programming. In Proc. of the North American Conference on Logic Programming, pp. 121–125. MIT Press, 1989. Invited Banquet Address.
J. Minker. An overview of nonmonotonic reasoning and logic programming. Journal of Logic Programming, 17(2, 3 and 4): pp. 95–126, 1993.
J. Minker. Overview of disjunctive logic programming. Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Mathematics, 12(1–2): pp. 1–24, 1994.
J. Minker. Logic and databases: a 20 year retrospective-updated in honor of Ray Reiter. In H. J. Levesque and F. Pirri, editors, Logical Foundations for Cognitive Agents: Contributions in Honor of Ray Reiter, pp. 234–299. Springer, 1999.
V.W. Marek, A. Nerode, and J.B. Remmel. The stable models of a predicate logic program. In Proc. of the Joint Intl. Conf. and Symposium on Logic Programming (JICSLP’92), pp. 446–460, MIT Press, 1992.
R.C. Moore. Possible-world semantics for autoepistemic logic. In Proc. of AAAI Workshop on Non-Mon. Reasoning, pp. 396–401, New Paltz, 1984.
R.C. Moore. Semantical considerations on nonmonotonic logic. Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 25(1): pp. 75–94, 1985.
J. Minker and A. Rajasekar. A fixpoint semantics for disjunctive logic programs. Journal of Logic Programming, 9(1): pp. 45–74, 1990.
J. Minker and C. Ruiz. Semantics for disjunctive logic programs with explicit and default negation. Fundamenta Informaticae, 20(3/4): pp. 145–192, 1994. Anniversary Issue edited by H. Rasiowa.
V.W. Marek and M. Truszczyński. Autoepistemic logic. Journal of the ACM, 38(3): pp. 588–619, 1991.
V.W. Marek and M. Truszczyński. Nonmonotonic logic: Context-dependent reasoning. Springer, 1993.
I. Niemela and P. Simons. Smodels-an implementation of the stable model and well-founded semantics for normal logic programs. Proc. LPNMR’97. Springer, LNAI 1265, pp. 420–429, 1997.
Y. Ohta, K. Inoue, R. Hasegawa. On the relationship between non-horn magic sets and relevancy testing. Proc. CADE’98, pp. 333–348, 1998.
D. Poole. What the lottery paradox tells us about default reasoning. Proc. KR’89, pp. 333–340, 1989.
T.C. Przymusinski. On the declarative semantics of deductive databases and logic programming. In [Min88b], Chapter 5, pp. 193–216. 1988.
T.C. Przymusinski. On the declarative and procedural semantics of logic programs. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 5: pp. 167–205, 1989.
T.C. Przymusinski. Stationary semantics for disjunctive logic programs and deductive databases. In Proc. of the North Amer. Conf. on Logic Programming, pp. 40–62, 1990.
T.C. Przymusinski. Extended stable semantics for normal and disjunctive programs. Proc. ICLP’90, pp. 459–477, MIT Press, 1990.
T.C. Przymusinski. Stable semantics for disjunctive programs. New Generation Computing, 9: pp. 401–424, 1991.
T.C. Przymusinski. Static semantics for normal and disjunctive logic programs. AMAI 14 (Festschrift in honor of Jack Minker): pp. 323–357, 1995.
R. Reiter. On closed world data bases. In J. Minker, editors, Logic and Data Bases, Plenum Press, New York [GMN78], pp. 55–76. 1978.
R. Reiter. A logic for default reasoning. Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 13: pp. 81–132, 1980.
R. Reiter. A sound and sometimes complete query evaluation algorithm for relational databases with null values. J. ACM, 33(2): pp. 349–370, 1986.
R. Reiter. Nonmonotonic reasoning. Annual Reviews of Comp. Sci., 1987.
David W. Reed and Donald W. Loveland. A comparison of three Prolog extensions. Journal of Logic Programming, 12(1&2): pp. 25–50, 1992.
A. Rajasekar, J. Lobo, and J. Minker. Weak generalized closed world assumption. Journal of Automated Reasonig, 5(3): pp. 293–307, 1989.
D.W. Reed, D.W. Loveland, and B.T. Smith. An alternative characterization of disjunctive logic programs. In Proc. of the Intl. Symposium on Logic Programming (ISLP’91), pp. 54–68, MIT Press, 1991.
A. Rajasekar and J. Minker. On stratified disjunctive programs. AMAI 1(1–4): pp. 339–357, 1990.
C. Ruiz and J. Minker. Combining closed world assumptions with stable negation. Fundamenta Informaticae, 32(2): pp. 163–181, 1997.
C. Ruiz and J. Minker. Logic knowledge bases with two default rules. AMAI 22(3–4): pp. 333–361, 1998.
K. Ross. Well-founded semantics for disjunctive logic programs. Proc. DOOD’89, pp. 352–369, 1989.
P. Rao, K. Sagonas, T. Swift, D.S. Warren, and J. Friere. XSB: A system for efficiently computing well-founded semantics. Proc. LPNMR’97. Springer, LNAI 1265, pp. 430–440, 1997.
K.A. Ross and R.W. Topor. Inferring negative information from disjunctive databases. J. of Automated Reasoning, 4(2): pp. 397–424, 1988.
D. Saccá. The expressive power of stable models for bound and unbound Datalog queries. J. of Comp. and System Sci., 54(3): pp. 441–464, 1997.
C. Sakama and K. Inoue. Abductive logic programming and disjunctive logic programming: their relationship and transferability, Journal of Logic Programming, 44(1–3): pp. 75–100, 2000.
C. Sakama. Possible model semantics for disjunctive databases. Proc. DOOD’89, pp. 337–351, 1989.
L. Schubert. Monotonic solution of the frame problem in the situation calculus: an efficient method for worlds with fully specified actions. In H.E. Kyburg, R. Loui, and G. Carlson, editors, Knowledge Representation and Defeasible Reasoning, pp. 23–67. Kluwer, 1990.
J.S. Schlipf. Complexity and undecideability results for logic programming. AMAI 15(3–4): pp. 257–288, 1995.
D. Seipel. An efficient computation of the extended generalized closed world assumption by support-for-negation sets. In Proc. of the International Conference on Logic Programming and Automated Reasoning (LPAR’94), Springer, LNAI 822, pp. 245–259, 1994.
D. Seipel. Partial evidential stable models for disjunctive deductive databases. In Proc. of the Workshop on Logic Prog. and Knowledge Representation LPKR’97 at ILPS’97, Springer, LNAI 1471, pp. 66–84, 1998.
D. Seipel. Aggregation in disjunctive deductive databases. In International Conference on Applications of Prolog (INAP’99), 1999.
D. Seipel. Clausal deductive databases and a general framework for semantics in disjunctive deductive databases. In Proc. of the International Symposium on Foundations of Information and Knowledge Systems (FoIKS’2000), Springer, LNCS 1762, pp. 241–259, 2000.
J.C. Shepherdson. Negation in logic prog. In [Min88b], pp. 19–88. 1988.
B. Selman and H.A. Kautz. Knowledge compilation using Horn approximations. Proc. AAAI’91, pp. 904–909, 1991.
B. Selman and H.A. Kautz. Knowledge compilation and theory approximation. Journal of the ACM, 43(2): pp. 193–224, 1996.
D. Seipel, J. Minker, and C. Ruiz. Model generation and state generation for disjunctive logic programs, J. of Logic Prog., 32(1): pp. 48–69, 1997.
D. Seipel, J. Minker, and C. Ruiz. A characterization of partial stable models for disjunctive deductive databases, Proc. ILPS’97, pp. 245–259, MIT Press, 1997.
B.T. Smith and D. Loveland. A simple near-Horn Prolog interpreter. In Proc. of the 5th Intl. Conf. and Symp. on Logic Progr., pp. 794–809, 1988.
R.M. Smullyan. Bull, AMS62, 1956. page 600: Elementary formal system (abstract). page 601: On definability by recursion (abstract).
L.S. Sterling and E.Y. Shapiro. The Art of Prolog. MIT Press, 1986.
M. Stickel. A Prolog technology theorem prover: Implementation by an extended Prolog compiler. J. of Aut. Reas., 4(4): pp. 353–380, 1988.
M.Y. Vardi. The complexity of relational query languages. In Proc. of the 14th ACM Symp. on Theory of Comp. (STOC’82), pp. 137–146, 1982.
M.H. van Emden and R.A. Kowalski. The semantics of predicate logic as a programming language. J. of the ACM, 23(4): pp. 733–742, 1976.
A. Van Gelder. Negation as Failure using tight derivations for general logic programs. In [Min88b], pp. 1149–176. 1988.
A. Van Gelder. The alternating fixpoint of logic programs with negation. Proc. PODS’89, pp. 1–10, 1989.
A. Van Gelder, K.A. Ross, and J.S. Schlipf. The well-founded semantics for general logic programs. J. of the ACM, 38(3): pp. 620–650, 1991.
D.S. Warren, et al. The XSB programming system. Technical report, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 1999. http://www.cs. sunysb.edu/ sbprolog/xsb-page.html.
C. Witteveen and G. Brewka. Skeptical reason maintenance and belief revision, Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 61, pp. 1–36, 1993.
C. Witteveen and W. van der Hoek. A general framework for revising nonmonotonic theories, Proc. LPNMR’97, Springer, LNAI 1265, pp. 258–272, 1997.
A.H. Yahya. Generalized query answering in disjunctive deductive databases: Procedural and nonmonotonic aspects. Proc. LPNMR’97. Springer, LNAI 1265, pp. 325–341, 1997.
A.H. Yahya: Minimal model generation for refined answering of generalized queries in disjunctive deductive databases. Journal of Data and Knowledge Engineering, 34(3), pp. 219–249, 2000.
L.Y. Yuan and D.-A. Chiang. A sound and complete query evaluation algorithm for relational databases with disjunctive information. Proc. PODS’89, pp. 66–74. ACM Press, 1989.
A. Yahya and L.J. Henschen. Deduction in non-Horn databases. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 1(2): pp. 141–160, 1985.
L.Y. Yuan and J.-H. You. Autoepistemic circumscription and logic programming. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 10: pp. 143–160, 1993.
J.-H. You and L.Y. Yuan. A three-valued semantics for deductive databases and logic programs. J. of Comp. and System Sci., 49: pp. 334–361, 1994.
J.-H. You, L.Y. Yuan, and R. Goebel. An abductive approach to disjunctive logic programming. J. of Logic Programming, 44(1–3): pp. 101–128, 2000.
J.-H. You, X. Wang, and L.Y. Yuan. Disjunctive logic programming as constrained inferences. Proc. ICLP’97, pp. 361–375, 1997.
C. Zaniolo. Database relations with null values. Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 28: pp. 142–166, 1984.
U. Zukowski, S. Brass, and B. Freitag. Improving the alternating fixpoint: The transformation approach, Proc. LPNMR’97, Springer, LNAI 1265, pp. 40–59, 1997.
U. Zukowski and B. Freitag. Well-founded semantics by transformation: The non-ground case, Proc. ICLP’99, pp. 456–470, 1999.
C. Zaniolo and H. Wang: Logic-based user-defined aggregates for the next generation of database systems. In K.R. Apt, V.W. Marek, M. Truszczyński, and D.S. Warren, editors, The Logic Prog. Paradigm: Current Trends and Future Directions, Springer, pp. 401–426, 1999.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Minker, J., Seipel, D. (2002). Disjunctive Logic Programming: A Survey and Assessment. In: Kakas, A.C., Sadri, F. (eds) Computational Logic: Logic Programming and Beyond. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 2407. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45628-7_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45628-7_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-43959-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-45628-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive