Abstract
FEC mechanisms have been proposed to recover from packet losses, and hence to improve the perceived quality in audio applications. Recently, it has been shown in [1] that the redundancy added by a FEC scheme increases the congestion of the network and deteriorates the audio quality instead of improving it. In this work we show via a simple queuing analysis that the impact of FEC on the audio quality is not always negative and that we can get better quality in some scenarios. In particular, we show that FEC is beneficial when a small number of flows implement it or when the audio applications have some particular utility functions. We derive conditions on when to get a gain in quality as well as bounds on the maximum gain that we can obtain.
An audio conversation is considered to be interactive if the two-way end-to-end delay is less than 250ms, including media coding and decoding, network transit and playout buffering [4].
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Altman, E., Barakat, C., Ramos, V.M.: Queueing analysis of simple FEC schemes for IP telephony. Proc. IEEE Infocom (2001)
Perkins, C., Hodson, O., Hardman, V.: A survey of packet loss recovery for streaming audio. IEEE Network (1998)
Rosenberg, J., Qiu, L., Schulzrinne, H.: Integrating packet FEC into adaptive voice playout buffer algorithms on the Internet. Proc. IEEE INFOCOM (2000)
Perkins, C., Hodson, O.: Options for repair streaming media. RFC 2354 (1998)
Garcýa, A.V., Fosse-Parisis, S.: (FreePhone audio tool) High-Speed Networking Group, INRIA Sophia Antipolis.
Mice Project, T.: (RAT: Robust Audio Tool) Multimedia Integrated Conferencing for European Researchers, University College London.
Perkins, C., Kouvelas, I., Hodson, O., Hardman, V.: RTP payload for redundant audio data. RFC 2198 (1997)
Scourias, J.: (Overview of the global system for mobile communications) Univ. of Waterloo.
Tremain, T.E.: The government standard linear predictive coding algorithm: Lpc-10. Speech Technology 1 (1982) 40–49
Bolot, J.C., Fosse-Parisis, S., Towsley, D.: Adaptive FEC-based error control for interactive audio in the Internet. Proc. IEEE Infocom (1999)
Kouvelas, I., Hodson, O., Hardman, V., Crowcroft, J.: Redundancy control in real-time Internet audio conferencing. Proc. of AVSPN (1997)
Altman, E., Jean-Marie, A.: Loss probabilities for messages with redundant packets feeding a finite buffer. IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communications 16 (1998) 779–787
Cidon, I., Khamisy, A., Sidi, M.: Analysis of packet loss process in high-speed networks. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory IT-39 (1993) 98–108
Hellal, O.A., Altman, E., Jean-Marie, A., Kurkova, I.: On loss probabilities in presence of redundant packets and several traffic sources. Performance Evaluation 36-37 (1999) 486–518
Bolot, J.C., Crépin, H., García, A.V.: Analysis of audio packet loss in the Internet. NOSSDAV (1995)
Salamatian, M.R.: Transmission Multimedia Fiable Sur Internet. PhD thesis, Université Paris Sud UFR Scientifique d’Orsay (2000)
García, A.V.: Mécanismes de Contrôle pour la Transmission de l’Audio sur l’Internet. PhD thesis, Universite de Nice Sophia-Antipolis (1996)
Figueiredo, D.R., de Souza e Silva, E.: Efficient mechanisms for recovering voice packets in the Internet. Globecom (1999)
Shenker, S.: Fundamental design issues for the future Internet. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 13(7) (1995) 1176–1188
Kleinrock, L.: Queueing systems. John Wiley, New York (1976)
Cohen, J.W.: The Single Server Queue. North-Holland (1969)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Altman, E., Barakat, C., Ramos R., V.M. (2001). On the Utility of FEC Mechanisms for Audio Applications. In: Smirnov, M.I., Crowcroft, J., Roberts, J., Boavida, F. (eds) Quality of Future Internet Services. QofIS 2001. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2156. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45412-8_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45412-8_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-42602-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-45412-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive