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The Natural Functions of Secondary Metabolites

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History of Modern Biotechnology I

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology ((ABE,volume 69))

Abstract

Secondary metabolites, including antibiotics, are produced in nature and serve survival functions for the organisms producing them. The antibiotics are a heterogeneous group, the functions of some being related to and others being unrelated to their antimicrobial activities. Secondary metabolites serve: (i) as competitive weapons used against other bacteria, fungi, amoebae, plants, insects, and large animals; (ii) as metal transporting agents; (iii) as agents of symbiosis between microbes and plants, nematodes, insects, and higher animals; (iv) as sexual hormones; and (v) as differentiation effectors. Although antibiotics are not obligatory for sporulation, some secondary metabolites (including antibiotics) stimulate spore formation and inhibit or stimulate germination. Formation of secondary metabolites and spores are regulated by similar factors. This similarity could insure secondary metabolite production during sporulation. Thus the secondary metabolite can: (i) slow down germination of spores until a less competitive environment and more favorable conditions for growth exist; (ii) protect the dormant or initiated spore from consumption by amoebae; or (iii) cleanse the immediate environment of competing microorganisms during germination.

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  1. Fermentation Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA

    Arnold L. Demain & Aiqi Fang

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  1. Arnold L. Demain
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  1. Institute of Biotechnology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, ETH-Hönggerberg, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland

    A. Fiechter

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Demain, A.L., Fang, A. (2000). The Natural Functions of Secondary Metabolites. In: Fiechter, A. (eds) History of Modern Biotechnology I. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, vol 69. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44964-7_1

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