Abstract
The characteristic times for reaching from the initial non-equilibrium state the equilibrium are analyzed for the electrons, the magnetization, magnetic reorientation, magnetic nanostructures and magnetic moments. In transition metals, excited d-electrons and itinerant spins have an ultrafast dynamic and relax on a similar time scale of the order of 10 fs or more. In contrast, changes of magnetism involving spinlattice coupling like the reorientation of the magnetization at surfaces, interfaces and of domains may require times of the order of 100 ps or more.
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Bennemann, K.H. (2001). Non-equilibrium Physics of Magnetic Solids: Time Dependent Changes of Magnetism. In: Baberschke, K., Nolting, W., Donath, M. (eds) Band-Ferromagnetism. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 580. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44610-9_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44610-9_12
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