Abstract
Many distributed multimedia applications have the ability to adapt to fluctuations in the network conditions. By adjusting temporal and spatial quality to available bandwidth, or manipulating the playout time of continuous media in response to variations in delay, multimedia flows can keepa n acceptable QoS level at the end systems. In this study, we present a scheme for adapting the transmission rate of multimedia applications to the congestion level of the network. The scheme called the direct adjustment algorithm (DAA), is based on the TCP congestion control mechanisms and relies on the end-to-end Real Time transport Protocol (RTP) for feedback information. Our investigations of the DAA scheme suggest that simply relying on the the TCP-throughput model might result under certain circumstances in large oscillations and low throughput. However, DAA achieves, in general, high network utilization network and low losses. Also, the scheme is shown to be fair towards competing TCP traffic. However, with no support from the network, long distance connections receive less than their fair share.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
K. Thompson, G. J. Miller, and R. Wilder, “Wide-area Internet traffic patterns and characteristics,” IEEE Network, vol. 11, no. 6, p p.-, November/December 1997. 68
Sally Floyd and Fall Kevin, “Router mechanisms to support end-to-end congestion control,” Tech. Rep., LBL-Berkeley, Feb. 1997. 69, 72
Jean-Chrysostome Bolot, Thierry Turletti, and lan Wakeman, “Scalable feedback control for multicast video distribution in the internet,” in SIGCOMM Symposium on Communications Architectures and Protocols, London, England, Aug. 1994, ACM, pp. 58–67. 69, 70, 71
Ingo Busse, Bernd Deffner, and Henning Schuizrinne, “Dynamic QoS control of multimedia applications based on RTP,” Computer Communications, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 49–58, Jan. 1996. 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 76, 77
J. Padhye, V. Firoiu, D. Towsley, and J. Kurose, “Modeling TCP throughput: A simple model and its empirical validation,” in ACM SIGCOMM’ 98, Vancouver, Oct 1998. 69, 70
Reza Rejaie, Mark Handley, and Deborah Estrin, “An end-to-end rate-based congestion control mechanism for realtime streams in the Internet,” in Infocom’99, New York, March 1999, IEEE. 69, 70
Stephen Jacobs and Alexandros Eleftheriadis, “Providing video services over networks without quality of service guarantees,” in RTMW’96, Sophia Antipolis, France, Oct. 1996. 69
J. Padhye, J. Kurose, D. Towsley, and R. Koodii, “A model based TCP-friendly rate control protocol,” in Proc. International Workshop on Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video (NOSSDA V), Basking Ridge, NJ, June 1999. 70
Lorenzo Vicisano, Luigi Rizzo, and Jon Crowcroft, “TCP-like congestion control for layered multicast data transfer.” in Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE Infocom), San Francisco, USA, Mar. 1998. 70
Thierry Turletti, Sacha Fosse Prisis, and Jean-Chrysostome Bolot, “Experiments with a layered transmission scheme over the Internet,” Rapport de recherche 3296, INRIA, Nov. 1997. 70
Dorgham Sisalem and Adam Wolisz, “MLDA: A TCP-friendly congestion control framework for heterogeneous multicast environments,” in Eighth International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQoS 2000), Pittsburgh, PA, June 2000. 70
Dorgham Sisalem, “End-to-end quality of service control using adaptive applications,” in IFIP Fifth International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQOS’ 97), New York, May 1997. 70, 71
H. Schuizrinne, S. Casner, R. Frederick, and V. Jacobson, “RTP: a transport protocol for real-time applications,” Tech. Rep. RFC 1889, Internet Engineering Task Force, Jan. 1996. 70
R. El-Marakby and D. Hutchison. “Towards managed real-time communications in the Internet environment,” in The Fourth IEEE Workshop on the Architecture and Implementation of High Performance Communication Systems (HPCS’97), Chalkidiki, Greece, June 1997. 71
Sally Floyd and Van Jacobson, “Random early detection gateways for congestion avoidance,” IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 397–413, Aug.1993. 72
W. Richard Stevens, TCP/IP illustrated: the protocols, vol. 1, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1994. 73
Frank Emanuel, “Investigation of scalability and fairness of adaptive multimedia applications,” Studienarbeit, School of Engineering, TU Berlin, Berlin, May 1997, Work in progress. 74
D. Chiu and R. Jain, “Analysis of the increase/decrease algorithms for congestion avoidance in computer networks,” Journal of Computer Networks and ISDN, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1–14, June 1989. 75
Sally Floyd, Mark Handley, Jitendra Padhye, and Joerg Widmer, “Equation-based congestion control for unicast applications,” in SIGCOMM Symposium on Communications Architectures and Protocols, Stockholm, Sweden, Aug. 2000. 77
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Sisalem, D., Schulzrinne, H. (2000). The Direct Adjustment Algorithm: A TCP-Friendly Adaptation Scheme. In: Crowcroft, J., Roberts, J., Smirnov, M.I. (eds) Quality of Future Internet Services. QofIS 2000. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1922. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-39939-9_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-39939-9_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-41076-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-39939-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive