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Sexuell übertragbare Erkrankungen des Anorektums

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Infektiologie des Gastrointestinaltraktes

Zusammenfassung

Sexuell übertragbare Erkrankungen durch Bakterien, Viren, Protozoen oder Helminthen (⊡ Tab. 39.1) können die Haut und Schleimhaut in der Analregion bzw. das Rektum befallen. Übertragen werden sie durch Schmierinfektionen, v. a. aber durch Analverkehr. Dieser wird nicht nur von homosexuellen Männern, sondern auch von etwa 10% heterosexueller, sexuell aktiver Amerikaner (Schätzungen von 5 bis 30%) praktiziert (Seidman u. Rieder 1994). Trotz der AIDSEpidemie wussten in einer Studie 90% der Männer und Frauen nicht, dass während des Analverkehrs Kondome verwendet werden sollten (O’Donnell et al. 1994). Homosexuelle Männer, primäre Zielgruppe der AIDS-Aufklärung in den 80er-Jahren, verwendeten initial vermehrt Kondome mit dem Effekt, dass die Inzidenz der rektalen Gonorrhö und Syphilis abnahm. Die Rate der HIV-Infektionen verminderte sich jedoch nicht, da verschiedene Gründe, wie stabile Paarbeziehung, fehlende Vorbereitung auf die Situation oder andere psychosoziale Faktoren, die Männer zu ungeschützten sexuellen Hochrisikopraktiken veranlasste (Ross 1990). Inzwischen nehmen auch die klassischen STDErkrankungen (»sexually transmissible diseases«) Gonorrhö und Syphilis wieder zu (Fenton et al. 2004).

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  1. Zentrum der Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main

    Prof. Dr. F. R. Ochsendorf

  2. Zentrum der Dermatologie und Venerologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang, Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main

    Prof. Dr. med. H. Schöfer

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  1. Zentrum der Inneren Medizin, Medizinische Klinik I des Universitätsklinikums Frankfurt/Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt/Main

    Wolfgang F. Caspary  & Jürgen Stein  & 

  2. Abteilung für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 11, 79104, Freiburg

    Manfred Kist

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Ochsendorf, F.R., Schöfer, H. (2006). Sexuell übertragbare Erkrankungen des Anorektums. In: Caspary, W.F., Kist, M., Stein, J. (eds) Infektiologie des Gastrointestinaltraktes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg . https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-37211-3_39

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