Skip to main content

A Review of Forward-Modeling Requirements

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 572 Accesses

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Physics ((LNP,volume 607))

Abstract

A reviewis provided of forward modeling capabilities and requirements in connection with remote sensing of the environment. Emphasis is placed on the formulation of the problem and on discussion of recent developments. The planeparallel radiative transfer model is used as a specific example of a forward model that is simple yet very useful. A solution to this forward model is outlined by using the discrete ordinate method. A linearized version of this discrete ordinate solution that provides analytic weighting functions or Jacobians in addition to radiances is also briefly discussed. This provides a framework for a discussion of computational resource and accuracy requirements.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Anderson, D. E., The troposphere-stratosphere radiation field at twilight: A spherical model, Planet. Space Sci., 31, 1517, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Dahlback, A. and K. Stamnes, A newspherical model for computing the radiation field available for photolysis and heating at twilight, Planet. Space Sci., 39, 671–683, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Dubovik, O. and M. D. King, A flexible inversion algorithm for retrieval of aerosol optical properties from sun and sky radiance measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 20673–20696, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Dubovik, O. B. Holben, T. F. Eck, A. Smirnov, Y. J. Kaufman, M. D. King, D. Tanré, and I. Slutsker, Variability of absorption and optical properties of key aerosol types observed in worldwide locations, J. Geophys. Res., 59, 590–608, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  5. de Haan, J. F., P. B. Bosma, and J. W. Hovenier, The adding method for multiple scattering of polarized light, Astron. Astrophys., 183, 371–391, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Frette, O., J. J. Stamnes, and K. Stamnes, Optical remote sensing of marine constituents in coastal waters: A feasibility study, Appl. Opt., 37, 8218–8326, 1998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Frette, O., S. R. Erga, J. J. Stamnes, and K. Stamnes, Optical remote sensing of waters with vertical structure, Appl. Opt., 40, 1478–1487, 2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Garcia, R. D. M., and C. E. Siewert, A generalized spherical harmonics solution for radiative transfer models that include polarization, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 401–423, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Gjerstad, K. I., J. J. Stamnes, J. K. Lotsberg, B. Hamre, B. Yan, and K Stamnes, Monte Carlo and discrete-ordinate simulations of irradiances in the coupled atmosphere-ocean system, Appl. Opt., submitted, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Gobron, N., B. Pinty, M. M. Verstraete, and J.-L. Widlowski, Advanced vegatation indices optimized for upcoming sensors: Design, performance, and applications, IEEE, Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 38, 2489–2505, 2000a.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Gobron, N., B. Pinty, M. M. Verstraete, and J. V. Martonchik, Y. Knyazikhin, and D. J. Diner, Potential of multiangular spectral measurements to land surfaces: Conceptual approach and exploratory application, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 17539–17549, 2000b.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Gordon H. R., Atmospheric correction of ocean color imagery in the Earth Observing System era, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 17,081–17,106, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hansen, P. C., Rank-deficient and discrete ill-posed problems: Numerical aspects of linear inversion, SIAM monographs on mathematical modeling and computation, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Hansen, J. E. and L. D. Travis, Light scattering in planetary atmospheres, Space Sci. Rev., 16, 527–610, 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Han, Q., W. B. Rossow, and A. A. Lacis, Near-global survey of effective droplet radius in liquid water clouds using ISCCP data, J. Climate, 7, 465–497, 1994.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Han, W., K. Stamnes, and D. Lubin, Remote sensing of surface and cloud properties in the Arctic from NOAA AVHRR measurements, J. Appl. Meteor., 38, 989–1012, 1999.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Herman, B. M., T. R. Caudill, D. E. Flittner, K. J. Thome, and A. Ben-David, A comparison of the Gauss-Seidel spherical polarized radiative transfer code with other radiative transfer codes, Appl. Opt., 34, 4563–4572, 1995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Hori, M., T. Aoki, K. Stamnes, B. Chen, and W. Li, Preliminary validation of the GLI Cryosphere Algorithms with MODIS daytime data, Polar Meteorol. Glaciol., 15, 1–20, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hu, Y.-X., B. Wielicki, B. Lin, G. Gibson, S.-C. Tsay, K. Stamnes, and T. Wong, Delta-fit: A fast and accurate treatment of particle scattering phase functions with weighted singular-value decomposition least squares fitting, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 681–690, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Jin, Z., and K. Stamnes, Radiative transfer in nonuniformly refracting media such as the atmosphere/ocean system, Appl. Opt., 33, 431–442, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Kaufman, and Coauthors, Passive remote sensing of tropospheric aerosol and atmospheric correction for the aerosol effect, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16815–16830, 1997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. King, M. D., Y. J. Kaufman, D. Tanré, and T. Nakajima, Remote sensing of tropospheric aerosols from space: Past, present, and future. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 1479–1483, 1999.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Labonnote, L. C., G. Brogniez, J.-F. Gayet, M. Doutriaux-Boucher, and J. C. Buriez, Modeling aof light scattering in cirrus clouds with inhomogeneoes hexagonal monocrystals. Comparison with in-situ and ADEOS-POLDER measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 113–116, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Levoni, C., E. Cattani, M. Cervino, R. Guzzi, W. Nicolantonio, Effectiveness of the MS-method for computation of the intensity field reflected by a multi-layer plane-parallel atmosphere, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 69, 635–650, 2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Li, W, K. Stamnes, B. Chen, and X. Xiong, Retrieval of the depth dependence of snowgrain size from near-infrared radiances at multiple wavelengths, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1699–1702, 2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Li W., and K. Stamnes, Inherent optical properties of Case 1 waters: A complete model suitable for use in ocean color remote sensing applications, J. Geophys. Res., submitted, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Minnis, P., D. P. Garber, D. F. Young, R. F. Arduini, and Y. Takano, Parameterization of reflectance and effective emittance for satellite remote sensing of clouds properties. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3313–3339, 1998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Mobley, C. D., B. Gentili, H. R. Gordon, Z. Jin, G. W. Kattawar, A. Morel, P. Reinersman, K. Stamnes, and R. H. Stavn, Comparison of numerical models for computing underwater light fields, Appl. Opt., 32, 7484–7504, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Morel, A., and S. Maritorena, Bio-optical properties of oceanic waters: A reappraisal, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 7163–7180, 2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Nakajima, T., and M. D. King, Determination of the optical thickness and effective particle radius of clouds from reflected solar radiation measurements. Part I: Theory, J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1878–1893, 1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Nakajima, T., M. D. King, J. D. Spinhirne, and L. F. Radke, 1991: Determination of the optical thickness and effective particle radius of clouds from reflected solar radiation measurements, Part II, Marine stratocumulus observations, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 728–750, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Oikarinen, L., Polarization of light in uv-visible limb radiance measurments, J. Geophys., Res., 106, 1533–1544, 2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Pinty, B., F. Roveda, M. M. Verstraete, N. Gobron, Y. Govaerts, J. V. Martonchik, D. J. Diner, R. A. Kahn, Surface albedo retrieval from Meteosat 1. Theory, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 18099–18112, 2000a.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Pinty, B., F. Roveda, M. M. Verstraete, N. Gobron, Y. Govaerts, J. V. Martonchik, D. J. Diner, R. A. Kahn, Surface albedo retrieval from Meteosat 2. Applications, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 18113–18134, 2000b.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Platnick, S., J. Y. Li, M. D. King, H. Gerber, and P. Hobbs, A solar reflectance method for retrieving the optical thickness and droplet size and liquid water clouds overs snowand ice surfaces. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 15 185–15 199, 2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Rodgers, C., Inverse methods for atmospheric sounding: Theory and practice, World Scientific, Singapore, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Schulz, F. M., K. Stamnes, and F. Weng, VDISORT: An improved and generalized discrete ordinate radiative transfer model for polarized (vector) radiative transfer computations, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 61, 105–122, 1999.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Schulz, F. M., and K. Stamnes, Angular distribution of the Stokes vector in a plane parallel, vertically inhomogeneous medium in the vector discrete ordinate radiative transfer (VDISORT) model, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 65, 609–620, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Siewert, C. E., A discrete-ordinates solution for radiative-transfer models that include polarization effects, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 64, 227–254, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Smirnov, A., B. N. Holben, Y. J. Kaufman, O. Dubovik, T. F. Eck, Y. Slotsker, C. Pietras, and R. N. Halthore, Optical properties of atmospheric aerosol in maritime environments, J. Atmos. Sci., 501–523, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Spurr, R. J. D., Linearized Radiative Transfer Theory: A General Discrete Ordinate Approach to the Calculation of Radiances and Analytic Weighting Functions, with Application to Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Ph. D. thesis, Eindhoven Technical University, 2001a.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Spurr, R. J. D., Simultaneous radiative transfer derivation of intensities and weighting functions in a general pseudo-spherical treatment, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, in press, 2001b.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Spurr, R. J. D., T. P. Kurosu, and K. V. Chance, A linearized discrete ordinate radiative transfer model for atmospheric remote sensing retrieval, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 68, 689–735, 2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Stamnes, K., S.-C. Tsay, W.J. Wiscombe and K. Jayaweera, Numerically stable algorithm for discrete-ordinate-method radiative transfer in multiple scattering and emitting layered media, Appl. Opt., 27, 2502–2509, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Stamnes, K., S.-C. Tsay, W. J. Wiscombe and I. Laszlo, DISORT, A General-Purpose Fortran Program for Discrete-Ordinate-Method Radiative Transfer in Scattering and Emitting Layered Media: Documentation of Methodology, Report, available from ftp://climate.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/wiscombe/Multiple.Scatt/, 2000.

  46. Stamnes, K., W. Li, B. Yan, A. Barnard, W. S. Pegau and J. J. Stamnes, Accurate and self-consistent ocean color algorithm: Simultaneous retrieval of aerosol optical properties and chlorophyll concentrations, Appl. Opt, in press, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Thomas, G. E., and K. Stamnes, Radiative Transfer in the Atmosphere and Ocean, Cambridge University Press, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Torricella, F., E. Cattani, M. Cervino, R. Guzzi, C. Levoni, Retrieval of aerosol properties over the ocean using Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment measurements: Method and application to test cases, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 12085–12098, 1999.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Torres, O., P. K. Barthia, J. R. Herman, Z. Ahmad, and J. Gleason, Derivation of aerosol properties from satellite measurements of backscattered ultraviolet radiation: Theoretical basis, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17099–17110, 1998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Weng, F., A multi-layer discrete-ordinate method for vector radiative transfer in a vertically-inhomogeneous, emitting and scattering atmosphere. Part I: Theory, J. Quant. Spec. Radiat. Trans., 47, 19–33, 1992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Weng, F., and N. C. Grody, Retrieval of ice cloud parameters using a microwave imaging radiometer, J. Atmos. Sci., 57,1069–1081, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Weng, F., B. Yan, and N. Grody, A microwave land emissivity model, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 20,115–20,123, 2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Xiong,_X., K. Stamnes, and D. Lubin, Surface Albedo over the High Arctic Ocean Derived from AVHRR and its Validation with SHEBA Data, J. Appl. Met., 41, 413–425, 2002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Xiong, X., D. Lubin, W. Li, and K. Stamnes, A Critical Examination of Satellite Cloud Retrieval from AVHRR in the Arctic Using SHEBA Data, J. Appl. Met., 1195–1209, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Yan, B., and K. Stamnes, Fast yet accurate computation of the complete radiance distribution in the coupled atmosphere-ocean system, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 207–223, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Yan, B., K. Stamnes, W. Li, B. Chen, J. J. Stamnes, and S. C. Tsay, Pitfalls in atmospheric correction of ocean color imagery: Howshould aerosol optical properties be computed? Appl. Opt., 41, 412–423, 2002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Zhao, L. and F. Weng, Retrieval of ice cloud parameters using the advanced microwave sounding unit, J. Appl. Met., 41, 384–395, 2002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stamnes, K. (2003). A Review of Forward-Modeling Requirements. In: Guzzi, R. (eds) Exploring the Atmosphere by Remote Sensing Techniques. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 607. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36536-2_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36536-2_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-00709-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-36536-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics