Abstract
T cell responses to viral infections can mediate either protective immunity or damaging immunopathology. Viral infections induce the proliferation of T cells spe cific for viral antigens and cause a loss in the number of T cells with other specificities. In immunologically naïve hosts, viruses will induce T cell responses that, dependent on the MHC, recognize a distinct hierarchy of virus-encoded T cell epitopes. This hierarchy can change if the host has previously encountered another pathogen that elicited amemory pool of T cells specific to a cross-reactive epitope. This heterologous immunity can deviate the normal immune response and result in either beneficial or harmful effects on the host. Each host has a unique T cell repertoire caused by the random DNA rearrangement that created it, so the specific T cells that create the epitope hierarchy differ between individuals. This “private specificity” seems of little signifi-cance in the T cell responseof a naïvehost toinfection, but it is of profoundimportance under conditions of heterologous immunity, where a small subset of a cross-reactive memory pool may expand and dominate a response. Examples are given of how the private specificities of immune responses under conditions of heterologous immunity influence the pathogenesis of murine and human viral infections.
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Welsh, R.M., Kim, S.K., Cornberg, M., Clute, S.C., Selin, L.K., Naumov, Y.N. (2006). The Privacy of T Cell Memory to Viruses. In: Pulendran, B., Ahmed, R. (eds) From Innate Immunity to Immunological Memory. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 311. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg . https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32636-7_5
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