This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aarseth, S.J. 1985, Multiple Time Scales, ed. J.U. Brackbill & B.I. Cohen (Orlando: Academic Press), p. 377
Aarseth, S.J. & Binney, J.J. 1978, MNRAS 185, 227
Ahmad, A. & Cohen, L. 1973, J. Comp. Phys. 12, 389
Aguilar, L.A. & White, S.D.M. 1985, ApJ 295, 374
Aguilar, L.A. & White, S.D.M. 1986, ApJ 307, 97
Alladin, S.M. 1965, ApJ 141, 768
Appel, A.W. 1985, SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Comput. 6, 85
Arp, H. 1965, ApJS 14, 1
Arp, H. 1971, Science 174, 1189
Athanassoula, E. 1994, Mass-Transfer Induced Activity in Galaxies, ed. I. Shlosman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p. 143
Athanasoula, E. & Sellwood, J.A. 1986, MNRAS 221, 213
Barnes, J.E. 1986, The Use of Supercomputers in Stellar Dynamics, ed. S. McMillan & P. Hut (Berlin: Springer Verlag), p. 175
Barnes, J.E. 1988, ApJ 331, 699
Barnes, J.E. 1990a, J. Comp. Phys. 87, 161.
Barnes, J.E. 1990b, Dynamics and Interactions of Galaxies, ed. R. Wielen (Berlin: Springer-Verlag), p. 186
Barnes, J.E. 1992, ApJ 393, 484 (B92)
Barnes, J.E. 1994, The Formation of Galaxies: Proceedings of the V Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics, ed. C. Munoz-Tunon & F. Sanchez (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p. 399
Barnes, J.E. 1997, The Nature of Elliptical Galaxies, ed. M. Arnaboldi, G.S. Da Costa, & P. Saha (San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific), p. 469.
Barnes, J. & Efstathiou, G. 1987, ApJ 319, 575
Barnes, J.E. & Hernquist, L. 1991, ApJ 370, L65
Barnes, J.E. & Hernquist, L. 1992, Nat 360, 715
Barnes, J.E. & Hernquist, L. 1996, ApJ 471, 115 (BH96)
Barnes, J. & Hut, P. 1986, Nat 324, 446
Barnes, J.E. & Hut, P. 1989, ApJS 70, 389
Barnes, J. & White, S.D.M. 1984, MNRAS 211, 753
Benz, W. 1990, Numerical Modeling of Nonlinear Stellar Pulsations, ed. J.R. Buchler (Dordrecht: Kluwer), p. 269
Binney, J.J. (1976), MNRAS 177, 19
Binney, J. & Tremaine, S. 1987, Galactic Dynamics (Princeton: Princeton University Press) (BT87)
Binney, J. & Petrou, M. 1985, MNRAS 214, 449
Bontekoe, Tj.R. & van Albada, T.S. 1987, MNRAS 224, 349
Burbidge, E.M. & Burbidge, G.R. 1961, ApJ 133, 726
Burbidge, E.M., Burbidge, G.R., & Hoyle, F. 1963, ApJ 138, 873
Burkhead, M.S. 1978, ApJS 38, 147
Byun, Y.-I., Grillmair, C.J., Faber, S.M., Ajhar, E.A., Dressler, A., Kormendy, J., Lauer, T.R., Richstone, D., & Tremaine, S. 1996, AJ 111, 1889
Carlberg, R. 1986, ApJ 310, 593
Chandrasekhar, S. 1942, Principles of Stellar Dynamics (Dover: New York, 1960)
Chandrasekhar, S. 1943, ApJ 97, 255
Clutton-Brock, M. 1972a, Ap&SS 16, 101
Clutton-Brock, M. 1972b, Ap&SS 17, 292
Colina, L., Lipari, S., & Macchetto, F. 1991, ApJ 379, 113
Combes, F. 1994, The Formation of Galaxies: Proceedings of the V Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics, ed. C. Munoz-Tunon & F. Sanchez (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p.317
Combes, F., Dupraz, C., & Gerin, M. 1990, Dynamics and Interactions of Galaxies, ed. R. Wielen (Berlin: Springer), p. 205
Combes, F. & Gerin, M. 1985, A&A 150, 327
Condon, J.J., Helou, G., Sanders, D.B., & Soifer, B.T. 1993, AJ 105, 1730
Colella, P. & Woodward, P.R. 1984, J. Comp. Phys. 54, 174
Crane, P., Stiavelli, M., King, I.R., Deharveng, J.M., Albrecht, R., Barbieri, C., Blades, J.C., Boksenberg, A., Disney, M.J., Jakobsen, P., Kamperman, T.M., Machetto, F., Mackay, C.D., Paresce, F., Weigelt, G., Baxter, D., Greenfield, P., Jedrzejewski, R., Nota, A., & Sparks, W.B. 1993, AJ 106, 1371
Dejonghe, H. 1989, ApJ 343, 113
Dehnen, W. 1993, MNRAS 265, 250
de Vaucouleurs, G. 1948, Ann. d’Astrophys 11, 247
de Zeeuw, T. 1985, MNRAS 216, 273
de Zeeuw, T. 1987, Structure and Dynamics of Elliptical Galaxies (I.A.U. Symp. 127), ed. T. de Zeeuw (Dordrecht: Reidel)
de Zeeuw, T. & Franx, M. 1991, ARA&A 29, 239
Draine, B. & McKee, C. 1993, ARA&A 31, 373
Dubinski, J. 1994, ApJ 431, 617
Dubinski, J. 1996, New Astronomy 1, 133
Dubinski, J. & Carlberg, R.G. 1991, ApJ 378, 496
Dubinski, J., Mihos, J.C., & Hernquist, L. 1996, ApJ 462, 576
Duncan, M.J., Farouki, R.T., & Shapiro, S.L. 1983, ApJ 271, 22
Dyer, C.C. & Ip, P.S.S. 1993, ApJ 409, 60
Efstathiou, G., Lake, G., & Negroponte, J. 1982, MNRAS 199, 1069
Elmegreen, B.G., Kaufman, M., & Thomasson, M. 1993, ApJ 412, 90
Eneev, T.M., Kozlov, N.N., & Sunyaev, R.A. 1973, A&A 28, 41
Evrard, A.E. 1988, MNRAS 235, 911
Farouki, R.T. & Shapiro, S. 1981, ApJ 259, 103
Farouki, R.T. & Shapiro, S. 1982, ApJ 259, 103
Franx, M., Illingworth, G., & de Zeeuw, T. 1991, ApJ 383, 112
Frenk, C.S., White, S.D.M., Davis, M., & Efstathiou, G. 1988, ApJ 327, 507
Fridman, A.M. & Polyachenko, V.L. 1984, Physics of Gravitating Systems (Springer-Verlag, Berlin)
Friedli, D. & Benz, W. 1993, A&A 268, 65
Gerhard, O. 1981, MNRAS 197, 179
Gerhard, O. & Binney, J.J. 1985, MNRAS 216, 467
Gerola, H., Canrevali, P., & Salpeter, E.E. 1983, ApJ 268, L75
Gilbert, S.J. & Sellwood, J.A. 1993, Numerical Simulations in Astrophysics, ed. J. Franco, S. Lizano, L. Aguilar, & E. Daltabuit (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p. 131
Gingold, R.A. & Monaghan, J.J. 1977, MNRAS 181, 375
Gingold, R.A. & Monaghan, J.J. 1982, J. Comp. Phys. 46, 429
Governato, F., Reduzzi, L., & Rampazzo, R. 1993, MNRAS 261, 379
Greengard, L. & Rokhlin, V. 1987, J. Comp. Phys. 73, 325
Hausman, M. & Ostriker, J. 1978, ApJ 224, 320
Heckman, T.M., Armus, L., & Miley, G.K. 1987, AJ 92, 276
Heckman, T.M., Dahlem, M., Eales, S.A., & Weaver, K. 1996, ApJ 457, 616
Hernquist, L. 1987, ApJS 64, 715
Hernquist, L. 1989, Nat 340, 687
Hernquist, L. 1990a, J. Comp. Phys. 87, 137
Hernquist, L. 1990b, ApJ 356, 359
Hernquist, L. 1990c, Dynamics and Interactions of Galaxies, ed. R. Wielen (Berlin: Springer), p. 108
Hernquist, L. 1992, ApJ 400, 460
Hernquist, L. 1993a, ApJS 86, 389
Hernquist, L. 1993b, ApJ 404, 717
Hernquist, L. 1993c, ApJ 409, 548
Hernquist, L. & Barnes, J.E. 1990, ApJ 349, 562
Hernquist, L. & Barnes, J.E. 1991, Nat 354, 210
Hernquist, L. & Katz, N. 1989, ApJS 70, 419
Hernquist, L. & Ostriker, J.P. 1992, ApJ 386, 375
Hernquist, L. & Spergel, D.N. 1993, ApJ 399, L117
Hernquist, L. & Weinberg, M.D. 1989, MNRAS 238, 407
Hernquist, L., Heyl, J.S., & Spergel, D.N. 1993, ApJ 416, L9
Heyl, J.S., Hernquist, L. & Spergel, D.N. 1994, ApJ 427, 165
Hibbard, J.E., Guhathakurta, P., van Gorkom, J.H., & Schweizer, F. 1994, AJ 107, 67
Hibbard, J.E. & Mihos, J.C. 1995, AJ 110, 140
Hibbard, J.E. & van Gorkom, J.H. 1996, AJ 111, 655
Hockney, R.W. & Eastwood, J.W. 1988, Computer Simulation Using Particles (New York: Adam Hilger)
Hohl, F. 1971, ApJ 168, 343
Holmberg, E. 1941, ApJ 94, 385
Howard, S. & Byrd, G.G. 1990, AJ 99, 1798
Hui, X., Ford, H.C., Freeman, K.C., & Dopita, M.A. 1995, ApJ 449, 592
Hut, P., Makino, J., & McMillan, S. 1995, ApJ 443, L93
Jaffe, W. 1982, MNRAS 202, 995
Jaffe, W. 1987, Structure and Dynamics of Elliptical Galaxies (I.A.U. Symp. 127), ed. T. de Zeeuw (Dordrecht: Reidel), p. 511
Jaffe, W., Ford, H.C., O’Connell, R.W., van den Bosch, F.C., & Ferrarese, L. 1994, AJ 108, 1567
Jenrigan, J.G. 1985, Dynamics of Star Clusters (I.A.U. Symp. 113), ed. J. Goodman & P. Hut (Dordrecht: Reidel), p. 275
Jog, C.J. & Solomon, P.M. 1992, ApJ 387, 152
Kalnajs, A.J. 1978, Structure and Properties of Nearby Galaxies (I.A.U. Symp. 77), ed. E.M. Berkhuijsen & R. Wielebinski (Dordrecht: Reidel), p. 113
Katz, N. 1991, ApJ 368, 325
Katz, N. 1992, ApJ 391, 502
Katz, N. & Gunn, J.E. 1991, ApJ 377, 365
Kennicutt, R. 1989, ApJ 344, 685
King, I.R. 1966, AJ 71, 64
Knuth, D.E. 1969, The Art of Computer Programming, Vol. 2. Seminumerical Algorithms (Reading: Addison-Wesley)
Kormendy, J. 1977, ApJ 218, 333
Kormendy, J. 1990, Dynamics and Interactions of Galaxies, ed. R. Wielen (Berlin: Springer), p. 499.
Kormendy, J. & Richstone, D. 1995, ARA&A 33, 581
Kormendy, J. & Sanders, D.B. 1992, ApJ 390, L53
Kuijken, K. & Dubinski, J. 1995, MNRAS 277, 1341
Kuzmin, G. 1956, Astron. Zh. 33, 27
Lake, G. 1989, AJ 97, 1312
Lake, G. & Dressler, A. 1986, ApJ 310, 605
Laplace, P. 1820, A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities, trans. F.W. Truscott & F.L. Emory (New York: Dover, 1951)
Larson, R.B. & Tinsley, B.M. 1978, ApJ 219, 46
Levison, H. 1987, ApJ 320, L93
Lindblad, B. 1961, Problems of Extragalactic Research (I.A.U. Symp. 15), ed. G.C. McVitte (New York: Macmillan), p. 146
Lindblad, P.O. 1960, Stockholm Obs. Ann. 21, no.4
Lucy, L. 1977, AJ 82, 1013
Lynden-Bell, D. 1967, MNRAS 136, 101
Lynds, R. & Toomre, A. 1976, ApJ 209, 382
Makino, J. 1990, J Comp Phys 87, 148
Mair, G. Müller, E., Hillebrandt, W., & Arnold, C.N. 1988, A&A 199, 114
May, A. & van Albada, T.S. 1984, MNRAS 209, 15
McGlynn, T.A. 1984, ApJ 281, 13
McKee, C.F. & Ostriker, J.P. 1977, ApJ 218, 148
Merritt, D. 1997, The Nature of Elliptical Galaxies, ed. M. Arnaboldi, G.S. Da Costa, & P. Saha (San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific), p. 32
Mihos, C. & Hernquist, L. 1994, ApJ 425, L13
Mihos, J.C., Bothun, G.D., & Richstone, D.O. 1993, ApJ 418, 82
Miller, R.H. & Smith, B. 1980, ApJ 235, 421
Mirabel, I.F., Lutz, D., & Maza, J. 1991, A&A 243, 367
Miralda-Escudé, J. & Schwarschild, M. 1989, ApJ 339, 752
Monaghan, J.J. 1992, ARA&A 30, 543
Monaghan, J.J. & Gingold, R.A. 1983, J. Comp. Phys. 52, 374
Moore, B. & Davis, M. 1994, MNRAS 270, 209
Murai, T. & Fujimoto, M. 1980, PASJ 32, 581
Navarro, J.F. 1990, MNRAS 242, 311
Navarro, J.F., Frenk, C.S., & White, S.D.M. 1996, ApJ 462, 563
Navarro, J.F. & White, S.D.M. 1993, MNRAS 265, 271
Negroponte, J. & White, S.D.M. 1983, MNRAS 205, 1009
Nelson, R.P. & Papaloizou, J.C.B. 1993, MNRAS 264, 905
Nelson, R.P. & Papaloizou, J.C.B. 1994, MNRAS 270, 1
Nicholson, R.A., Bland-Hawthorn, J., & Taylor, K. 1992, ApJ 387, 503
Noguchi, M. 1987, MNRAS 228, 635
Noguchi, M. 1988, A&A 203, 259
Olson, K.M. & Dorband, J.E. 1994, ApJS 94, 117
Ostriker, J.P. 1980, Comments Astrophys. 8, 177
Ostriker, J.P. & Tremaine, S. 1975, ApJ 202, L113
Ostriker, J.P. & Peebles, P.J.E. 1973, ApJ 186, 467
Papaloizou, J.C.B. & Lin, D.N.C. 1995, ARA&A 33, 505
Pfleiderer, J. 1963, Zs. f. Ap. 58, 12
Pfleiderer, J., Siedentopf, H. 1961, Zs. f. Ap. 51, 201
Pikel’ner, S.B. 1968, ARA&A 6, 165
Plummer, H.C. 1911, MNRAS 71, 460
Porter, D. 1985, PhD Thesis, University of California, Berkeley
Press, W. 1986, The Use of Supercomputers in Stellar Dynamics, ed. S. McMillan & P. Hut (Berlin: Springer Verlag), p. 184
Quian, E.E., de Zeeuw, P.T., van der Marel, R.P., & Hunter, C. 1995, MNRAS 274, 602
Quinn, P.J. 1982, PhD Thesis, Australian National University
Read, A.M., Ponman, T.J., & Wolstencroft, R.D. 1995, MNRAS 277, 397
Roos, N. & Norman, C. 1979, A&A 76, 75
Rots, A.H. & Shane, W.W. 1975, A&A 25, 25
Rots, A.H., Bosma, A., van der Hulst, J.M., Athanassoula, E., & Crane, P.C. 1990, AJ 100, 387
Saha, P. & Tremaine, S. 1994, AJ 108, 1962
Salmon, J.K. 1990, PhD Thesis, California Institute of Technology
Salmon, J.K. & Warren, M.S. 1993, J. Comp. Phys. 111, 136
Salo, H. & Laurikainen, E. 1996, unpublished manuscript
Sanders, D.B. & Mirabel, I.F. 1996, ARA&A 34, 749
Sansom, A.E., Dotani, T., Okada, K., Yamashita, A., Fabbiano, G. 1996, MNRAS 281, 48
Schiminovich, D., van Gorkom, J.H., van der Hulst, J.M., Kasow, S. 1994, ApJ 423, L101
Schwarzschild, M. 1979, ApJ 232, 236
Schwarzschild, M. 1993, ApJ 409, 563
Schweizer, F. 1977, ApJ 211, 324
Schweizer, F. 1982, ApJ 252, 445
Schweizer, F. 1986, Structure and Dynamics of Elliptical Galaxies, ed. T. de Zeeuw, (Dordrecht: Reidel), p. 109
Schweizer, F. 1987, Nearly Normal Galaxies, ed. S.M. Faber (Berlin: Springer Verlag), p. 18
Schweizer, F. 1990, Dynamics and Interactions of Galaxies, ed. R. Wielen ((Berlin: Springer Verlag), p. 60
Schweizer, F. 1996, AJ 111, 109
Sellwood, J.A. 1981, A&A 99, 362
Sellwood, J.A. 1987, ARA&A 25, 151
Simkin, S.M., Su, H.J., & Schwarz, M.P. 1980, ApJ 237, 404
Singh, J.P. 1993, PhD Thesis, Stanford University
Sofue, Y. 1994, ApJ 423, 207
Sparke, L.S. & Sellwood, J.A. 1987, MNRAS 225, 653
Spitzer, L. 1942, ApJ 95, 329
Spitzer, L. 1958, ApJ 127, 17
Spitzer, L. 1978, Physical Processies in the Interstellar Medium (New York: Wiley)
Spitzer, L., Baade, W. 1951, ApJ 113, 413
Sridhar, S. & Nityananda, R. 1990, Dynamics and Interactions of Galaxies, ed. R. Wielen (Berlin: Springer), p. 375
Stanford, S.A., Sargent, A.I., Sanders, D.B., & Scoville, N.Z. 1990, ApJ 349, 492
Steiman-Cameron, T.Y., Kormendy, J., & Durisen, R.H. 1992, AJ 104, 1339
Steinmetz, M. 1996, Dark Matter in the Universe, in press
Steinmetz, M. & Müller, E. 1993, A&A 268, 391
Stockton, A. 1974, ApJ 187, 219
Sugimoto, D., Chikada, Y., Makino, J., Ito, T., Ebisuzaki, T., & Umemura, M. 1990, Nat 345, 33
Syer, D. & Tremaine, S. 1996, MNRAS 282, 223
Tashpulatov, N. 1969, Soviet Astr.—AJ 13, 968
Tashpulatov, N. 1970, Soviet Astr.—AJ 14, 227
Theys, J.C. & Spiegel, E.A. 1977, ApJ 212, 616
Tolman, R.C. 1938, The Principles of Statistical Mechanics (Clarendon, Oxford)
Toomre, A. 1964, ApJ 139, 1217
Toomre, A. 1967, Notes from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Summer Program (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute: Woods Hole), p. 111
Toomre, A. 1974, The Formation and Dynamics of Galaxies, ed. J.R. Shakeshaft (Reidel: Dordrecht), p. 347
Toomre, A. 1977, The Evolution of Galaxies and Stellar Populations, ed. B. Tinsley & R. Larson (New Haven: Yale University Obs.), p. 401
Toomre, A. 1978, The Large Scale Structure of the Universe, ed. M.S. Longair & J. Einasto (Dordrecht: Reidel), p. 109
Toomre, A. 1981, The Structure and Evolution of Normal Galaxies, ed. M. Fall & D. Lynden-Bell (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p. 111
Toomre, A., & Toomre, J. 1972, ApJ 178, 623 (TT72)
Tremaine, S.D., Ostriker, J.P., & Spitzer, L. 1975, ApJ 196, 407
Tremaine, S.D., Hénon, M., & Lynden-Bell, D. 1986, MNRAS 219, 285
Tremaine, S. & Weinberg, M.D. 1984, MNRAS 209, 729
Tremblay, B. & Merritt, D. 1996, AJ 111, 2243
Trimble, V. 1987, ARA&A 25, 425
Tully, R.B. & Fisher, J.R. 1977, A&A 54, 661
Udry, S. 1993, A&A 268, 35
van Albada, T.S. 1982, MNRAS 201, 939
van Albada, T.S. 1987, Structure and Dynamics of Elliptical Galaxies (I.A.U. Symp. 127), ed. T. de Zeeuw (Dordrecht: Reidel), p. 291
van Albada, T.S. & van Gorkom, J. 1977, A&A 54, 121
van den Bergh, S. 1969, Ap. Letters 7, 117
van der Hulst, J.M. 1979, A&A 71, 131
van der Hulst, J.M. & Hummel, E. 1985, A&A 150, L7
van Gorkom, J.H., van der Hulst, J.M., Haschick, A.D., & Tubbs, A.D. 1990, AJ 99, 1781
Vedel, H. & Sommer-Larsen, J. 1990, MNRAS 245, 637
Veeraraghavan, S. & White, S.D.M. 1985, ApJ 296, 336
Villumsen, J.V. 1982, MNRAS 199, 493
Villumsen, J.V. 1983, MNRAS 204, 291
Vorontosov-Vel’yaminov, B.A. 1958, Soviet Astr.—AJ 2, 805
Vorontosov-Vel’yaminov, B.A. 1961, Problems of Extragalactic Research (I.A.U. Symp. 15), ed. G.C. McVitte (New York: Macmillan), p. 194
Wallin, J.F. 1990, AJ 100, 1477
Weinberg, M.D. 1989, MNRAS 239, 549
Weinberg, M.D. 1993, ApJ 410, 543
White, S.D.M. 1976, MNRAS 174, 467
White, S.D.M. 1978, MNRAS 184, 185
White, S.D.M. 1979, MNRAS 189, 831
White, S.D.M. 1982, Morphology and Dynamics of Galaxies, ed. L. Martinet & M. Mayor (Sauverny: Geneva Observatory), p. 291
White, S.D.M. 1983a, ApJ 274, 53
White, S.D.M. 1983b, Internal Kinematics and Dynamics of Galaxies, ed. E. Athanassoula (Dordrecht: Reidel), p. 337.
White, S.D.M. 1987, Structure and Dynamics of Elliptical Galaxies (I.A.U. Symp. 127), ed. T. de Zeeuw (Dordrecht: Reidel), p. 339
White, S.D.M. & Rees, M.J. (1978), MNRAS 183, 341
Wright, A.E. 1972, MNRAS 157, 309
Wright, G.S., James, P.A., Joseph, R.D., & McLean, I.S. 1990, Nat 344, 417
Yabushita, S. 1971, MNRAS 153, 97
Zang, T.A. 1976, PhD Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Zasov, A.V. 1968, Soviet Astr. 11, 785
Zwicky, F. 1956, Ergeb. Exakten Naturwiss. 29, 344
Zwicky, F. 1959, Hd b. d. Phys. 53, 373.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Barnes, J.E. (1998). Dynamics of Galaxy Interactions. In: Friedli, D., Martinet, L., Pfenniger, D. (eds) Galaxies: Interactions and Induced Star Formation. Saas-Fee Advanced Courses, vol 26. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-31630-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-31630-2_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-63569-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-31630-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive