Skip to main content

Management of Limited Disease Small-Cell Lung Cancer

  • Chapter
Book cover Tumors of the Chest

29.6 Summary

The use of combination chemotherapy for SCLC has contributed to significant improvements in local control and survival in limited-stage disease. The initial enthusiasm generated by these significant therapeutic advances has waned with the realization that a plateau has been reached and no additional survival increments have been gained in the last decade. While a number of chemotherapy regimens may be equivalent to EP or EC, alternating regimens or dose-intense regimens have not gained widespread acceptance. The role for thoracic irradiation and prophylactic cranial irradiation in LDSCLC has been firmly established. What remains to be determined is whether chemotherapy combinations incorporating some of the newer “targeted” agents will move us away from this therapeutic plateau.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 179.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Mulshine JL, Treston AM, Brown HP, Birrer MJ, Shaw GL. Initiators and promoters of lung cancer. Chest 1993; 103(suppl 1):4S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ihde DC, Pass HI, Glatstein EJ. Small cell lung cancer. In: DeVita V, Hellman S, Rosenberg S, eds. Cancer: principles and practice of oncology. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1993:723.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Janne PA, Freidlin B, Saxman S, et al. Twenty-five years of clinical research for patients with limited-stage small cell lung carcinoma in North America. Cancer 2002; 95:1528.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Archer VE, Saccomanno G, Jones JH. Frequency of different histologic types of bronchogenic carcinoma as related to radiation exposure. Cancer 1974; 34:2056.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Paesmans M, Sculier JP, Lecomte J, et al. Prognostic factors for patients with small cell lung carcinoma: analysis of a series of 763 patients included in 4 consecutive prospective trials with a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Cancer 2000; 89:523.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Medical Research Council of Great Britain. Working party on the evaluation of different methods of therapy in carcinoma of the bronchus: comparative trial of surgery and radiotherapy for primary treatment of small celled or oat celled carcinoma of the bronchus. Lancet 1966; 2:979.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Fox W, Scadding JG. Medical Research Council comparative trial of surgery and radiotherapy for primary treatment of small cell or oat cell carcinoma of the bronchus: ten-year follow-up. Lancet 1973; 2:63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Martini N, Wittes RE, Hilaris BS. Oat cell carcinoma of the lung. Clin Bull 1975; 5:144.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Mountain CF, Carr DT, Anderson WA. A system for the clinical staging of lung cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1974; 120:130.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Mountain CF. Clinical biology of small cell carcinoma: relationship to surgical therapy. Semin Oncol 1978; 5:272.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Green RA, Humphrey E, Close H, et al. Alkylating agents in bronchogenic carcinoma. Am J Med 1969; 46:515.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Grant SC, Gralla RJ, Kris MG, et al. Single-agent chemotherapy trials in small-cell lung cancer, 1970–1990: the case for studies in previously treated patients. J Clin Oncol 1992; 10:484.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Carney DN, Grogan L, Smit EF, et al. Single-agent oral etoposide for elderly small cell lung cancer patients. Semin Oncol 1990; 17(suppl 2):49.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Issell BF, Einhorn LH, Comis RL, et al. Multicenter phase II trial of etoposide in previously treated small cell carcinoma of the lung. Cancer Treat Rep 1985; 69:127.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Smith IE, Harland SJ, Robinson BA, et al. Carboplatin: a very active new cisplatin analog in the treatment of small cell lung cancer. Cancer Treat Rep 1985; 69:43.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Schiller JH, Kim K, Hutson P, et al. Phase II study of topotecan in patients with extensive-stage small cell carcinoma of the lung. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14:2345.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. von Pawel J, Schiller JH, Sheperd FA, et al. Topotecan vs cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine for the treatment of recurrent small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17:658.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Negoro S, Fukuoka M, Niitani H, et al. Phase II study of CPT-11, new campothecin derivative, in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) (abstract). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1991; 10:241.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Masuda N, Fukuoka M, Kusunoki Y, et al. CPT-11: a new derivative of campothecin for the treatment of refractory or relapsed small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 1992; 10:122.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Ettinger DS, Finkelstein DM, Sarma RP, et al. Phase II study of paclitaxel in patients with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13:1430.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Kirschling RJ, Jung Sh, Jett JT, et al. A phase II trial of taxol and G-CSF in previously untreated patients with extensive stage small-cell lung cancer (SCC) (abstract). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1994; 13:326.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Smyth JF, Smith TB, Sessa C, et al. Activity of docetaxel (Taxotere) in small-cell lung cancer. Eur J Cancer 1994:30A:1058.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Jassem J, Karnicka-Mlodkowska H, van Pottelsberghe CH, et al. Phase II study of vinorelbine (Navelbine) in previously treated small-cell lung cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 1993; 29A:1720.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Furuse K, Kubota K, Kawahara M, et al. Phase II study of vinorelbine in heavily previously treated small-cell lung cancer. Oncology 1996; 53:169.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Cormier Y, Eisenhauer B, Muldal A, et al. Gemcitabine: an active new agent in previously untreated extensive stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Ann Oncol 1994; 5:283.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Lowenbraun S, Bartolucci A, Smalley RV, et al. The superiority of combination chemotherapy over single agent chemotherapy in small cell lung carcinoma. Cancer 1979; 44:406.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Aisner J, Alberto P, Bitran J, et al. Role of chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer: a consensus report of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer work shop. Cancer Treat Rep 1983; 67:37.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Jett JR, Everson L, Therneau TM, et al. Treatment of limited-stage small-cell lung cancer with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine with or without etoposide: a randomized trial of the North Central Cancer Treatment Group. J Clin Oncol 1990; 8:33.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Jackson DV Jr, Case LD, Zekan PJ, et al. Improvement of long-term survival in extensive small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 1988; 6:1161.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Messeih AA, Schweitzer JM, Lipton A, et al. Addition of etoposide to cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine for remission induction and survival in patients with small cell lung cancer. Cancer Treat Rep 1987; 71:61.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Bunn PA Jr, Greco FA, Einhorn L. Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide as first-line therapy in the treatment of small-cell lung cancer. Semin Oncol 1986; 13(suppl 3):45.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Evans WK, Sheperd FA, Feld R, et al. VP-16 and cisplatin as first-line therapy for small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 1985; 3:1471.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Porter LL, Johnson DH, Hainsworth JD, et al. Cisplatin and etoposide combination chemotherapy for refractory small cell carcinoma of the lung. Cancer Treat Rep 1985; 69:479.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Aisner J, Abrams J. Cisplatin for small cell lung cancer. Semin Oncol 1989; 16:2.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Fukuoka M, Furuse K, Saijo N, et al. Randomized trial of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine versus cisplatin and etoposide versus alternation of these regimens in small-cell lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1991; 83:855.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Roth BJ, Johnson DH, Einhorn LH, et al. Randomized study of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine versus etoposide and cisplatin versus alternation of these two regimens in extensive small-cell lung cancer: a phase III trial of the Southeastern Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol 1992; 10:282.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Sundstrom S, Bremnes RM, Kaasa S, et al. Cisplatin and etoposide regimen is superior to cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and vincristine regimen in small-cell lung cancer: results from a randomized phase III trial with 5 years’ follow-up. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:4665.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Skarlos DV, Samantas E, Kosmidis P, et al. Randomized comparison of etoposide-cisplatin vs. etoposide-carboplatin and irradiation in small-cell lung cancer. A Hellenic Co-operative Oncology Group study. Ann Oncol 1994; 5:601.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Evans WK, Stewart DJ, Shepherd FA, et al. VP-16, ifosfamide and cisplatin (VIP) for extensive small cell lung cancer. Eur J Cancer 1994; 30A:299.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Loehrer PJ Sr, Rynard S, Ansari R, et al. Etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin in extensive small cell lung cancer. Cancer 1992; 69:669.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Miyamoto H, Nakabayashi T, Isobe H, et al. A phase III comparison of etoposide/cisplatin with or without added ifosfamide in small-cell lung cancer. Oncology 1992; 49:431.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Loehrer PJ, Ansari R, Gonin R, et al. Cisplatin plus etoposide with and without ifosfamide in extensive small-cell lung cancer: a Hoosier Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13:2594.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Smith IE, Perren TJ, Ashley SA, et al. Carboplatin, etoposide, and ifosfamide as intensive chemotherapy for small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 1990; 8:899.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Wolff AC, Ettinger DS, Neuberg D, et al. Phase II study of ifosfamide, carboplatin, and oral etoposide chemotherapy for extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group pilot study. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13:1615.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Goldie JH, Coldman AJ. A mathematical model for relating sensitivity of tumors to their spontaneous mutation rate. Cancer Treat Rep 1979; 63:1727.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Feld R, Evans WK, Coy P, et al. Canadian multicenter randomized trial comparing sequential and alternating administration of two non-cross-resistant chemotherapy combinations in patients with limited small-cell carcinoma of the lung. J Clin Oncol 1987; 5:1401.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Evans WK, Feld R, Murray N, et al. Superiority of alternating non-cross-resistant chemotherapy in extensive small cell lung cancer. A multicenter, randomized clinical trial by the National Cancer Institute of Canada. Ann Intern Med 1987; 107:451.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Postmus PE, Scagliotti G, Groen HJ, et al. Standard versus alternating non-cross-resistant chemotherapy in extensive small cell lung cancer: an EORTC phase III trial. Eur J Cancer 1996; 32A:1498.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Arriagada R, Le Chevalier T, Pignon JP, et al. Initial chemotherapeutic doses and survival in patients with limited small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 1993; 329:1848.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Ihde DC, Mulshine JL, Kramer BS, et al. Prospective randomized comparison of high-dose and standard-dose etoposide and cisplatin chemotherapy in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12:2022.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Klasa RJ, Murray N, Coldman AJ. Dose intensity meta-analysis of chemotherapy regimens in small cell carcinoma of the lung. J Clin Oncol 1991; 9:499.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Murray N, Shah A, Osoba D, et al. Intensive weekly chemotherapy for the treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 1991; 9:1632.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Miles DW, Fogarty O, Ash CM, et al. Received dose-intensity: a randomized trial of weekly chemotherapy with and without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12:77.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Furuse K, Fukuoka M, Nishiwaki Y, et al. Phase III study of intensive weekly chemotherapy with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor versus standard chemotherapy in extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer. The Japan Clinical Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16:2126.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Trillet-Lenoir V, Green J, Manegold C, et al. Recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor reduces the infectious complications of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer 1993; 29A:319.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Bunn PA Jr, Crowley J, Kelly K, et al. Chemoradiotherapy with or without granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of limited-stage small-cell lung cancer: a prospective phase III randomized study of the Southwest Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13:1632.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Steward P, von Pawel J, Gatzemeier U, et al. Effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and dose intensification of V-ICE chemotherapy in small-cell lung cancer: a prospective randomized study of 300 patients. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16:642.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Thatcher N, Girling DJ, Hopwood P, et al. Improving survival without reducing quality of life in small-cell lung cancer patients by increasing the dose-intensity of chemotherapy with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support: results of a British Medical Research Council Multicenter Randomized Trial. Medical Research Council Lung Cancer Working Party. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18:395.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Humblet Y, Symann M, Bosly A, et al. Late intensification chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation in selected small-cell carcinoma of the lung: a randomized study. J Clin Oncol 1987; 5:1864.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Noda K, Nishiwaki Y, Kawahara M, et al. Irinotecan plus cisplatin compared with etoposide plus cisplatin for extensive small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Birch R, Greco F, Hainsworth J, et al. Preliminary results of a randomized study comparing etoposide and carboplatin with or without paclitaxel in newly diagnosed small cell lung cancer (abstract). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2000;19:490.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Medical Research Council Lung Cancer Working Party. Comparison of oral etoposide and standard intravenous multidrug chemotherapy for small-cell lung cancer: a stopped multicentre randomized trial. Lancet 1996; 348:563.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Souhami RL, Spiro SG, Rudd RM, et al. Five-day oral etoposide treatment for advanced small-cell lung cancer: randomized comparison with intravenous chemotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997; 89:577.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Johnston-Early A, Cohen MH, Fossieck BE Jr, et al. Delayed hypersensitivity skin testing as a prognostic indicator in patients with small cell lung cancer. Cancer 1983; 52:1395.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. McCracken JD, Heilbrun L, White J, et al. Combination chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and BCG immunotherapy in extensive (metastatic) small cell carcinoma of the lung. A Southwest Oncology Group study. Cancer 1980; 46:2335.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. McCracken JD, Chen T, White J, et al. Combination chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and BCG immunotherapy in limited small-cell carcinoma of the lung: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. Cancer 1982; 49:2252.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Aisner J, Wiernik PH. Chemotherapy versus chemoimmu-notherapy for small-cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung. Cancer 1980; 46:2543.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Jackson DV Jr, Paschal BR, Ferree C, et al. Combination chemotherapy-radiotherapy with and without the methanol-extraction residue of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (MER) in small cell carcinoma of the lung: a prospective randomized trial of the Piedmont Oncology Association. Cancer 1982; 50:48.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Maurer LH, Pajak T, Eaton W, et al. Combined modality therapy with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy in limited small-cell carcinoma of the lung: a phase III Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study. J Clin Oncol 1985; 3:969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Olesen BK, Ernst P, Nissen MH, et al. Recombinant interferon A (IFL-rA) therapy of small cell and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. A phase II study. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1987; 23:987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Newman HF, Bleehen NM, Galazka A, et al. Small cell lung carcinoma. A phase II evaluation of r-interferon-γ. Cancer 1987; 60:2938.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Mattson K, Niiranen A, Holsti L, et al. Low-dose of natural a-interferon as maintenance therapy for small cell lung cancer: a phase III study (abstract). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1989; 8:227.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Kelly K, Crowley JJ, Bunn PA Jr, et al. Role of recombinant interferon alfa-2a maintenance in patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer responding to concurrent chemoradiation: a Southwest Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13:2924.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Jett JR, Maksymiuk AW, Su JQ, et al. Phase III trial of recombinant interferon gamma in complete responders with small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12:2321.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Grant SC, Kris MG, Houghton AN, et al. Long-term survival of patients with small cell lung cancer after adjuvant treatment with the anti-idiotypic antibody BEC2 plus bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Clin Cancer Res 1999; 5:1319.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Shepherd FA, Giaccone G, Seymour L, et al. Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of marimastat after response to first-line chemotherapy in patients with small-cell lung cancer: a trial of the National Cancer Institute of Canada-Clinical Trials Group and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:4434.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Rigas JR, Denham CA, Rinaldi DA, et al. Randomized placebo-controlled trials of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPI), BAY12-9566 as adjuvant therapy for patients with small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2003; 22:628

    Google Scholar 

  78. Kreisman H, Wolkove N, Quoix E. Small cell lung cancer presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule. Chest 1992; 101:225.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Quoix E, Fraser R, Wolkove N, et al. Small cell lung cancer presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule. Cancer 1990; 66:577.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Suzuki K, Tsuchiya R, Ichinose Y, et al. Phase II trial of postoperative adjuvant cisplatin/etoposide (PE) in patients with completely resected stage I-IIIA small cell lung cancer: the Japan Clinical Oncology Group Lung Cancer Study Group trial (JCOG9101) (abstract). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2000; 19:492a.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Shepherd FA. Role of surgery in the management of small cell lung cancer. In: Aisner J, Arriagada R, Green MR, Martini N, Perry MC, eds. Comprehensive textbook of thoracic oncology. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1996:439.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Lad T, Piantadosi S, Thomas P, et al. A prospective randomized trial to determine the benefit of surgical resection of residual disease following response of small cell lung cancer to combination chemotherapy. Chest 1994;106(suppl):320S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Cohen MH, Ihde DC, Bunn PA, et al. Cyclic alternating combination chemotherapy for small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Cancer Treat Rep 1979; 62:163.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Warde P, Payne D. Does thoracic radiation improve survival and local control in limited-stage small cell carcinoma of the lung? J Clin Oncol 1992; 10:890.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Pignon JP, Arriagada R, Ihde DC, et al. A meta-analysis of thoracic radiotherapy for small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 1992; 327:1618.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Perry MC, Eato WL, Propert KJ, et al. Chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy in limited small-cell carcinoma of the lung. New Engl J Med 1987; 316:912.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Jeremic B, Shibamoto Y, Acimovic L, et al. Initial versus delayed accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy in limited small-cell lung cancer: A randomized study. J Clin Oncol 1997; 15:893.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Takada M, Fukuoka M, Kawahara M, et al. Phase III study of concurrent versus sequential thoracic radiotherapy in combination with cisplatin and etoposide for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer: results of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study 9104. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:3054.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Kies MS, Mira JC, Crowley JJ, et al. Multimodal therapy for limited small cell lung cancer. A randomized study of induction combination chemotherapy with or without thoracic radiation in complete responders; and with wide-field versus reduced volume radiation in partial responders: a Southwest Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 1987; 5:592.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Lichter AS, Turrisi AT. Small cell-lung cancer: the influence of dose and treatment volume on outcome. Semin Radiat Oncol 1995; 5:44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Choi NC, Carey RR. Importance of radiation dose in achieving improved locoregional tumor control in small-cell lung carcinoma: an update. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1989; 17:307.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Papac J, Son Y, Bien R, et al. Improved local control of thoracic disease in small-cell lung cancer with higher dose thoracic irradiation and cyclic chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1987; 13:993.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Choi NC, Herndon J, Rosenman J, et al. Phase I study to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of radiation in standard daily (QD) and accelerated twice daily (BID) radiation schedules with concurrent chemotherapy (CT) for limited stage small-cell lung cancer: CALGB 8837 (abstract). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1995; 14:363.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Turrisi AT, Glover DJ, Mason BA. A preliminary report: concurrent twice-daily radiotherapy plus platinum-etoposide chemotherapy for limited small cell lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1988; 15:183.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Johnson DH, Turrisi AT, Chand AY, et al. Alternating chemotherapy and twice-daily thoracic radiotherapy in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer: a pilot study of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 1993;11:879.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Turrisi AT, Kynugmann K, Blum R, et al. Twice-daily compared with once-daily thoracic radiotherapy in limited small-cell lung cancer treated concurrently with cisplatin and etoposide. N Engl J Med 1999; 340:264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Bonner JA, Sloan JA, Shanahan TG, et al. Phase III comparison of twice-daily split-course irradiation versus once-daily irradiation for patients with limited stage small-cell lung carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17:2681.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rathore, R., Weitberg, A.B. (2006). Management of Limited Disease Small-Cell Lung Cancer. In: Syrigos, K.N., Nutting, C.M., Roussos, C. (eds) Tumors of the Chest. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg . https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-31040-1_29

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-31040-1_29

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-31039-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-31040-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics