This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ackermann-Liebrich U (2000) Outdoor air pollution. Eur Respir Mon 15:400–411
Akoun GM et al. (1984) Amiodarone-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Evidence of an immunological cell-mediated mechanism. Chest 85(1):133–5
American Thoracic Society (1995) Standards for the diagnosis and care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152(5 Pt 2):S77–121
Anderson HR (1974) The epidemiological and allergic features of asthma in the New Guinea Highlands. Clin Allergy 4(2):171–183
Andersen P et al. (1982) Serum antibodies and immunoglobulins in smokers and nonsmokers. Clin Exp Immunol 47(2):467–473
Ando M and M. Suga (1997) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Curr Opin Pulm Med 3(5):391–395
Ando M et al. (1991) Japanese summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Geographic distribution, home environment, and clinical characteristics of 621 cases. Am Rev Respir Dis 144(4):765–769
Anonymous (1978) Inhalation fevers. Lancet 1(8058):249–250
Anonymous (1986) Acute respiratory illness following occupational exposure to wood chips-Ohio. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 35(30):483–490
Arshad M, Braun SR, Sunderrajan EV (1987) Severe hypoxemia in farmer’s lung disease with normal findings on chest roentgenogram. Chest 91(2):274–275
Asher I et al. (2000), Prevention of allergy and asthma:interim report. Allergy 55(11):1069–1088
Asmundsson T, Gunnarsson E, Johannesson T (1983) “Haysickness” in Icelandic horses:precipitin tests and other studies. Equine Vet J 15(3):229–232
Atterholm I et al. (1977) Unexplained acute fever after a hot bath. Lancet 2(8040):684–686
Ball TM et al. (2000) Siblings, day-care attendance, and the risk of asthma and wheezing during childhood. N Engl J Med 343(8):538–543
Banham SW et al. (1986) Relationships between avian exposure, humoral immune response, and pigeon breeders’ disease among Scottish pigeon fanciers. Thorax 41(4):274–278
Barbee RA et al. (1968) The long-term prognosis in farmer’s lung. Am Rev Respir Dis 97(2):223–231
Barrowcliff DF and Arblaster PG (1968) Farmer’s lung:a study of an early acute fatal case. Thorax 23(5):490–500
Bascom R, Bromberg P, Costa D (1996a) State of the art:health effects of air pollution; part I. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 153:3–53
Bascom R, Bromberg P, Costa D (1996b) State of the art:health effects of air pollution; part II. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 153:477–498
Baseler MW and Burrell R (1981) Acute-phase reactants in experimental inhalation lung disease. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 168(1):49–55
Basu S and Fenton MJ (2004) Toll-like receptors:function and roles in lung disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 286(5):L887–892
Baur X et al. (1988) Humidifier lung and humidifier fever. Lung 166(2):113–124
Baur X, Chen Z, Liebers V (1998) Exposure-response relationships of occupational inhalative allergens. Clin Exp Allergy 28(5):537–544
Belin L (1980) Clinical and immunological data on “wood trimmer’s disease” in Sweden. Eur J Respir Dis Suppl 107:169–176
Bernstein IL (1999) Asthma in the workplace. 2nd edn. Dekker, New York. XIX, pp 742
Betsuyaku T et al. (1999) Neutrophil granule proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from subjects with subclinical emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159(6):1985–1991
Bexell E and Edfeldt O (1949) Mögelsvampinfektion under tröskningsarbete. Svenska Läkartidningen 46(2):2433
(1996) Biopsy-confirmed hypersensitivity pneumonitis in automobile production workers exposed to metalworking fluids — Michigan, 1994–1995. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 45(28):606–610
Bishop JM, Melnick SC, Raine J (1963) Farmer’s Lung:studies of pulmonary function and aetiology. Q J Med 32:257–278
Blanchet MR, Israel-Assayag E, Cormier Y (2004) Inhibitory effect of nicotine on experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis in vivo and in vitro. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169(8):903–909
Bornehag CG et al. (2003) Pet-keeping in early childhood and airway, nose and skin symptoms later in life. Allergy 58(9):939–944
Bourke SJ et al. (1989) Obstructive airways disease in nonsmoking subjects with pigeon fanciers’ lung. Clin Exp Allergy 19(6):629–632
Bourke SJ et al. (2001) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis:current concepts. Eur Respir J Suppl 32:81s–92s
Boyd DH (1971) The incidence of farmer’s lung in Caithness. Scott Med J 16(5):261–262
Braun SR et al. (1979) Farmer’s lung disease:long-term clinical and physiologic outcome. Am Rev Respir Dis 119(2):185–191
Brinton WT et al. (1987) An outbreak of organic dust toxic syndrome in a college fraternity. JAMA. 258(9):1210–1212
Broder I et al. (1979) Comparison of respiratory variables in grain elevator workers and civic outside workers of Thunder Bay, Canada. Am Rev Respir Dis 119(2):193–203
Brooks AM et al. (2001) Impact of low birth weight on early childhood asthma in the United States. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 155(3):401–406
Burrows B et al. (1965) Chronic obstructive lung disease. II. Relationship of clinical and physiologic findings to the severity of airways obstruction. Am Rev Respir Dis 91:665–678
Burrows B et al. (1989) Association of asthma with serum IgE levels and skin-test reactivity to allergens. N Engl J Med 320(5):271–277
Burrows B et al. (1991) Findings before diagnoses of asthma among the elderly in a longitudinal study of a general population sample. J Allergy Clin Immunol 88(6):870–877
Cadham FT (1924) Asthma due to grain rusts. JAMA 83(27)
Calvert JE et al. (1999) Pigeon fanciers’ lung:a complex disease? Clin Exp Allergy 29(2):166–175
Camarena A et al. (2001) Major histocompatibility complex and tumor necrosis factor-alpha polymorphisms in pigeon breeder’s disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163(7):1528–1533
Campbell JM (1932) Acute symptoms following work with hay. BMJ 2:1143–1444
Carroll N et al. (1996) Airway structure and inflammatory cells in fatal attacks of asthma. Eur Respir J 9(4):709–715
Castellan RM et al. (1984) Acute bronchoconstriction induced by cotton dust:dose-related responses to endotoxin and other dust factors. Ann Intern Med 101(2):157–163
Celedon JC et al. (2002) Exposure to cat allergen, maternal history of asthma, and wheezing in first 5 years of life. Lancet 360(9335):781–782
Chan-Yeung M and Malo JL (1994) Aetiological agents in occupational asthma. Eur Respir J 7(2):346–371
Chapela R et al. (1985) [Effect of pregnancy and the puerperium on the development of extrinsic allergic alveolitis]. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 13(4):305–309
Choudry NB, and Fuller RW (1992) Sensitivity of the cough reflex in patients with chronic cough. Eur Respir J 5(3):296–300
Christiani DC et al. (2001) Longitudinal changes in pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in cotton textile workers. A 15-yr follow-up study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163(4):847–853
Cockcroft AE et al. (1983) Grain exposure-symptoms and lung function. Eur J Respir Dis 64(3):189–196
Coplu L et al. (2005) Lung health in workers exposed to reed dust. Respir Med 2005. 99(4):421–428
Cormier Y and Belanger J (1985) Long-term physiologic outcome after acute farmer’s lung. Chest 87(6):796–800
Cullinan P, Tarlo S, Nemery B (2003) The prevention of occupational asthma. Eur Respir J 22(5):853–860
Dalphin JC et al. (1993) Prevalence and risk factors for chronic bronchitis and farmer’s lung in French dairy farmers. Br J Ind Med 50(10):941–944
Denis M (1995) Proinflammatory cytokines in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 151(1):164–169
Desideri M et al. (1997) Mortality rates for respiratory disorders in Italy (1979–1990). Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 52(3):212–216
Donham KJ (1990) Health effects from work in swine confinement buildings. Am J Ind Med 17(1):17–25
Dopico GA et al. (1984) Epidemiologic study of clinical and physiologic parameters in grain handlers of northern United States. Am Rev Respir Dis, 130(5):759–765
doPico GA (1986) Health effects of organic dusts in the farm environment. Report on diseases. Am J Ind Med 10(3):261–265
Douglas JG et al. (1986) Sarcoidosis:a disorder commoner in non-smokers? Thorax 41(10):787–791
Dunnill MS, Massarella GR, Anderson JA (1969) A comparison of the quantitative anatomy of the bronchi in normal subjects, in status asthmaticus, in chronic bronchitis, and in emphysema. Thorax, 24(2):176–179
Edwards JH, Baker JT, Davies BH (1974) Precipitin test negative farmer’s lung-activation of the alterative pathway of complement by mouldy hay dusts. Clin Allergy 4:379–388
Eliasson O (1982) Farmer’s lung disease:a new historical perspective from Iceland. J Hist Med Allied Sci 37(4):440–443
Emanuel DA, Wenzel FJ, Lawton BR (1975) Pulmonary mycotoxicosis. Chest 67(3):293–297
Emanuel DA and Kryda MJ (1983) Farmer’s lung disease. Clin Rev Allergy 1(4):509–532
Emanuel DA, Marx JJ, Ault BJ (1989) Organic dust toxic syndrome (pulmonary mycotoxicosis) — a review of the experience in central Wisconsin. In: Dosman JA and Cockcroft DW (eds) Principles of health and safety in agriculture. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 72–75
Fink JN et al. (1971) Precipitins and the diagnosis of a hypersensitivity pneumonitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 48(3):179–181
Fink JN et al. (2005) Needs and opportunities for research in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 171(7):792–798
Fishwick D et al. (1997) Occupational asthma in New Zealanders: a population based study. Occup Environ Med 54(5):301–306
Fletcher CM (1976) The natural history of chronic bronchitis and emphysema: an eight-year study of early chronic obstructive lung disease in working men in London. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York. XIX, p 272
Fletcher C and Peto R (1977) The natural history of chronic airflow obstruction. BMJ 1(6077):1645–1648
Flynn MG (1994) Respiratory symptoms, bronchial responsiveness, and atopy in Fijian and Indian children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150(2):415–420
Freedman PM and Ault B (1981) Bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine in farmers’ lung disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 67(1):59–63
Freedman PM et al. (1981) Skin testing in farmers’ lung disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 67(1):51–58
Fukuda Y et al. (1989) Morphogenesis of abnormal elastic fibers in lungs of patients with panacinar and centriacinar emphysema. Hum Pathol 20(7):652–659
Fuller CJ (1953) Farmer’s lung:a review of present knowledge. Thorax 8(1):59–64
Gatzemeier U (1981) [Acute exogenous allergic alveolitis-6 cases after loading mouldy barley]. Prax Klin Pneumol 35(9):400–402
Girard M, Israel-Assayag E, Cormier Y (2004) Pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 4(2):93–98
Gould GA et al. (1988) CT measurements of lung density in life can quantitate distal airspace enlargement — an essential defining feature of human emphysema. Am Rev Respir Dis 137(2):380–392
Gould GA et al. (1991) Lung CT density correlates with measurements of airflow limitation and the diffusing capacity. Eur Respir J 4(2):141–146
Grant IW et al. (1972) Prevalence of farmer’s lung in Scotland: a pilot survey. BMJ 1(799):530–534
Gregory PH and Lacey ME (1963) Mycological examination of dust from mouldy hay associated with farmer’s lung disease. J Gen Microbiol 30:75–88
Griffiths-Johnson DA, Ryan LK, Karol MH (1991) Development of an animal model for organic dust toxic syndrome. Inhalation Toxicol 3:405–417
Gruchow HW et al. (1981) Precipitating antibodies to farmer’s lung antigens in a Wisconsin farming population. Am Rev Respir Dis 124(4):411–415
Hapke EJ et al (1968) Farmer’s lung. A clinical, radiographic, functional, and serological correlation of acute and chronic stages. Thorax 23(5):451–468
Hargreave FE (1973) Extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Can Med Assoc J 108(9):1150–1154
Heederik D et al. (1989) Chronic non-specific lung disease and occupational exposures estimated by means of a job exposure matrix:the Zutphen Study. Int J Epidemiol 18(2):382–389
Heino M et al. (1982) An electron-microscopic study of the airways in patients with farmer’s lung. Eur J Respir Dis 63(1):52–61
Hodgson MJ, Parkinson DK, Karpf M (1989) Chest X-rays in hypersensitivity pneumonitis:a metaanalysis of secular trend. Am J Ind Med 16(1):45–53
Hollander A, Doekes G, Heederik D (1996) Cat and dog allergy and total IgE as risk factors of laboratory animal allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 98(3):545–554
Holt PG and Keast D (1977) Environmentally induced changes in immunological function:acute and chronic effects of inhalation of tobacco smoke and other atmospheric contaminants in man and experimental animals. Bacteriol Rev 41(1):205–216
Houba R, Heederik D, Doekes G (1998) Wheat sensitization and work-related symptoms in the baking industry are preventable. An epidemiologic study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 158(5 Pt 1):1499–1503
Hunt LW et al. (2002) Management of occupational allergy to natural rubber latex in a medical center:the importance of quantitative latex allergen measurement and objective follow-up. J Allergy Clin Immunol 110[2 Suppl]:S96–106
Huovinen E et al. (1999) Incidence and prevalence of asthma among adult Finnish men and women of the Finnish Twin Cohort from 1975 to 1990, and their relation to hay fever and chronic bronchitis. Chest 115(4):928–936
Husman K et al. (1990) Organic dust toxic syndrome among Finnish farmers. Am J Ind Med 17(1):79–80
Jacobs RL et al. (1986) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by Cladosporium in an enclosed hot-tub area. Ann Intern Med 105(2):204–206
Karjalainen A et al. (2000) Incidence of occupational asthma by occupation and industry in Finland. Am J Ind Med 37(5):451–458
Katila M-L (1979) Respiratory disease in a farming population: a sero-epidemiological survey of farmer’s lung and chronic nonspecific lung disease among dairy farmers in Eastern Finland Kuopio. 93
Kawai T, Tamura M, Murao M (1984) Summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis. A unique disease in Japan. Chest 85(3):311–317
Kimbell-Dunn MR et al. (2001) Work-related respiratory symptoms in New Zealand farmers. Am J Ind Med 39(3):292–300
Kivity S et al. (1995) The characteristics of bronchial asthma among a young adult population. Chest 108(1):24–27
Kleinfeld M (1974) A comparative clinical and pulmonary function study of grain handlers and bakers. Ann N Y Acad Sci 221:86–96
Kline JN, Hunninghake GW (2001) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis and eosinophilic pneumonias. In: Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL (eds) Harrison’s principles of internal medicine, 15th edn. McGraw Hill, New York
Kogevinas M et al. (1999) Occupational asthma in Europe and other industrialised areas:a population-based study. European Community Respiratory Health Survey Study Group. Lancet 353(9166):1750–1754
Kogevinas M et al. (1996) The risk of asthma attributable to occupational exposures. A population-based study in Spain. Spanish Group of the European Asthma Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154(1):137–143
Kokkarinen JI, Tukiainen HO, Terho EO (1993) Recovery of pulmonary function in farmer’s lung. A five-year follow-up study. Am Rev Respir Dis 147(4):793–796
Konig G, Baur X, Fruhmann G (1981) Sarcoidosis or extrinsic allergic alveolitis? Respiration 42(3):150–154
Koppelman GH, Los H, Postma DS (1999) Genetic and environment in asthma:the answer of twin studies. Eur Respir J 13(1):2–4
Kryda M, Emanuel DA, Marx JJ (1989) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to Aspergillus fumigatus in papermill workers. In: Principles of health and safety in agriculture. Dosman JA and Cockcroft DW (eds), CRC Press, Boca Raton, p 80
Krzyzanowski M, Jedrychowski W, Wysocki M (1986) Factors associated with the change in ventilatory function and the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a 13-year follow-up of the Cracow Study. Risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 134(5):1011–1019
Kuwano K et al. (1990) The diagnosis of mild emphysema. Correlation of computed tomography and pathology scores. Am Rev Respir Dis 141(1):169–178
Lacasse Y et al. (2003) Clinical diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 168(8):952–958
Lacey J and Lacey ME (1964) Spore concentrations in the air of farm. buildings. Trans Br Mycol Soc 47:547–552
Larsson K et al. (1988) Exposure to microorganisms, airway inflammatory changes and immune reactions in asymptomatic dairy farmers. Bronchoalveolar lavage evidence of macrophage activation and permeability changes in the airways. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 87(2):127–133
Larsson L (1995) Incidence of asthma in Swedish teenagers: relation to sex and smoking habits. Thorax 50(3):260–264
Lau S et al. (1989) High mite-allergen exposure increases the risk of sensitization in atopic children and young adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol 84(5 Pt 1):718–725
Leadbitter P et al. (1999) Relationship between fetal growth and the development of asthma and atopy in childhood. Thorax 54(10):905–910
Lecours R, Laviolette M, Cormier Y (1986) Bronchoalveolar lavage in pulmonary mycotoxicosis (organic dust toxic syndrome). Thorax 41(12):924–926
Lee K et al. (2004) Personal exposures to inorganic and organic dust in manual harvest of California citrus and table grapes. J Occup Environ Hyg 1(8):505–514
Lieberman J (1975) Elevation of serum angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) level in sarcoidosis. Am J Med 59(3):365–372
Lindesmith LA, Fink KN, Horvath EP (1988) Occupational medicine:principles and practical applications. Zenz C (ed) Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago 15:226
Liou SH et al. (1996) Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in mill workers exposed to wood dust. Am J Ind Med 30(3):293–299
Lundback B (1998) Epidemiology of rhinitis and asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 28[Suppl 2]:3–10
Lundholm M and Rylander R (1983) Work related symptoms among sewage workers. Br J Ind Med 40(3):325–329
Lynch DA et al. (1992) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis:sensitivity of high-resolution CT in a population-based study. AJR Am J Roentgenol 159(3):469–472
MacNee W (1994) Pathophysiology of cor pulmonale in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Part One. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150(3):833–852
MacNee W and Donaldson K (2002) Air pollution and COPD: mechanisms. Eur Respir Rev 12:297–302
Madsen D et al (1976) The prevalence of farmer’s lung in an agricultural population. Am Rev Respir Dis 113(2):171–174
Malmberg P and Larsson K (1993) Acute exposure to swine dust causes bronchial hyperresponsiveness in healthy subjects. Eur Respir J 6(3):400–404
Malmberg P et al. (1985) Exposure to microorganisms, febrile and airway-obstructive symptoms, immune status and lung function of Swedish farmers. Scand J Work Environ Health 11(4):287–293
Malmberg P et al (1988) Incidence of organic dust toxic syndrome and allergic alveolitis in Swedish farmers. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 87(1):47–54
Malmberg P, Rask-Andersen A, Rosenhall L (1993) Exposure to microorganisms associated with allergic alveolitis and febrile reactions to mold dust in farmers. Chest 103(4):1202–1209
Malmberg P and Rask-Andersen A (1993) Organic dust toxic syndrome. Semin Respir Med 14:38–48
Malmros P, Sigsgaard T, Bach B (1992) Occupational health problems due to garbage sorting. Waste Manag Res 10:227–234
Manfreda J and Warren CP (1984) The effects of grain dust on health. Rev Environ Health 4(3):239–267
Manfreda J et al. (1986) Acute symptoms following exposure to grain dust in farming. Environ Health Perspect 66:73–80
Mapp CE et al. (1994) Mechanisms and pathology of occupational asthma. Eur Respir J 7(3):544–554
Matricardi PM et al. (2000) Exposure to foodborne and orofecal microbes versus airborne viruses in relation to atopy and allergic asthma:epidemiological study. BMJ. 320(7232):412–417
Matusiewicz SP et al. (1993) Plasma lactate dehydrogenase: a marker of disease activity in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and extrinsic allergic alveolitis? Eur Respir J 6(9):1282–1286
May JJ et al. (1986) Organic dust toxicity (pulmonary mycotoxicosis) associated with silo unloading. Thorax 41(12):919–923
May JJ, Pratt DS, Stallones L (1989) A study of dust generated during silo opening and its physiologic effects on workers. In: Principles of health and safety in agriculture. Dosman JA and Cockcroft DW (eds) CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 76–79
May JJ et al. (1990) Organic dust toxic syndrome:a follow-up study. Am J Ind Med 17(1):111–113
McCormick JR et al. (1981) Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels in patients with pigeon-breeder’s disease. Chest 80(4):431–433
McWhorter WP, Polis MA, Kaslow RA (1989) Occurrence, predictors, and consequences of adult asthma in NHANESI and follow-up survey. Am Rev Respir Dis 139(3):721–724
Merchant JA (1987) Agricultural exposures to organic dusts. Occupational Medicine:State of the Art Review 2:409–425
Milton DK et al. (1998) Risk and incidence of asthma attributable to occupational exposure among HMO members. Am J Ind Med 33(1):1–10
Mindell HJ (1970) Roentgen findings in farmer’s lung. Radiology 97(2):341–346
Molfino NA (2004) Genetics of COPD. Chest 125(5):1929–1940
Monkare S (1983) Influence of corticosteroid treatment on the course of farmer’s lung. Eur J Respir Dis 64(4):283–293
Monkare S (1984) Clinical aspects of farmer’s lung:airway reactivity, treatment and prognosis. Eur J Respir Dis Suppl 137:1–68
Monkare S et al. (1981) Bronchial hyperreactivity to inhaled histamine in patients with farmer’s lung. Lung 159(3):145–151
Monkare S et al. (1982) Does disodium cromoglycate prevent exacerbation of farmer’s lung? Allergy 37(3):217–218
Monkare S, Ikonen M, Haahtela T (1985) Radiologic findings in farmer’s lung. Prognosis and correlation to lung function. Chest 87(4):460–466
Monso E et al. (2004) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in never-smoking animal farmers working inside confinement buildings. Am J Ind Med 46(4):357–362
Morell F, Orriols R, Molina C (1985) Usefulness of skin test in Farmer’s lung. Chest 87(2):202–205
Morris DG (2003) Gold, silver, and bronze:metals, medals, and standards in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 168(8):909–910
Moser F (1979) [Extrinsic allergic alveolitis:farmer’s lung. A propos of a case]. Rev Med Suisse Romande 99(3):121–148
Muittari A et al (1980) An epidemic of extrinsic allergic alveolitis caused by tap water. Clin Allergy 10(1):77–90
Nagai K et al. (1998) [Pulmonary disease after massive inhalation of Aspergillus niger]. Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi 36(6):551–555
National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (1991) National Asthma Education Program. Expert Panel on the Management of Asthma, Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. Bethesda, Md.: National Asthma Education Program, Office of Prevention, Education, and Control, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health. XIII, p 136
Neal P, Schneitter R, Cominita P (1942) Report on acute illness among rural mattress-workers using low grade, stained cotton. JAMA 119:1074–1082
Ng TP et al. (1994) Risks of asthma associated with occupations in a community-based case-control study. Am J Ind Med 25(5):709–718
Noertjojo HK et al. (1996) Western red cedar dust exposure and lung function:a dose-response relationship. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154(4 Pt 1):968–973
O’Donnell DE et al. (1997) Qualitative aspects of exertional breathlessness in chronic airflow limitation:pathophysiologic mechanisms. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 155(1):109–115
Ohtsuka Y et al. (1995) Smoking promotes insidious and chronic farmer’s lung disease, and deteriorates the clinical outcome. Intern Med 34(10):966–971
Olaus M, Granlund J, Foote PG (1996) Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus, Romae 1555 = Description of the Northern peoples, Rome 1555. Abridged and augm. ed. 1996, London, Eng.: The Hakluyt Society. v
Omland O (2002) Exposure and respiratory health in farming in temperate zones — a review of the literature. Ann Agric Environ Med 9(2):119–136
Omland O et al. (1999) Lung status in young Danish rurals:the effect of farming exposure on asthma-like symptoms and lung function. Eur Respir J 13(1):31–37
O’Shaughnessy TC et al. (1997) Inflammation in bronchial biopsies of subjects with chronic bronchitis: inverse relationship of CD8+ T lymphocytes with FEV1. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 155(3):852–857
Ouchterlony O (1958) Diffusion-in-gel methods for immunological analysis. Prog Allergy 5:1–78
Pahwa P et al. (2003) Longitudinal decline in lung function measurements among Saskatchewan grain workers. Can Respir J 10(3):135–141
Pallasaho P et al. (1999) Increasing prevalence of asthma but not of chronic bronchitis in Finland? Report from the FinEsS-Helsinki Study. Respir Med 93(11):798–809
Parkes WR (1982) Occupational lung disorders. 2nd edn. Butterworths, London. XV, p 529
Patel AM, Ryu JH, Reed CE (2001) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: current concepts and future questions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 108(5):661–670
Patterson R et al. (1976) Antibodies of different immunoglobulin classes against antigens causing farmer’s lung. Am Rev Respir Dis 114(2):315–324
Patterson R et al. (1981) Hypersensitivity lung disease presumptively due to Cephalosporium in homes contaminated by sewage flooding or by humidifier water. J Allergy Clin Immunol 68(2):128–132
Pauwels RA et al. (2001) Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163(5):1256–1276
Pearce N, Pekkanen J, Beasley R (1999) How much asthma is really attributable to atopy? Thorax 54(3):268–272
Peat JK and Li J (1999) Reversing the trend:reducing the prevalence of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 103(1 Pt 1):1–10
Pepys J (1967) Hypersensitivity against inhaled organic antigens. J R Coll Physicians Lond 2(42–8)
Pepys J and Jenkins PA (1965) Precipitin (F.L.H.) test in farmer’s lung. Thorax 20:21–35
Pepys J et al. (1963) Farmer’s Lung. Thermophilic actinomycetes as a source of “farmer’s lung hay” antigen. Lancet 41:607–611
Pepys J, Riddel R, Citron KM (1962) Precipitins against extracts of hay and molds in the serum of patients with farmer’s lung, aspergillosis, asthma, and sarcoidosis. Thorax 17:366
Perry LP et al. (1998) Pulmonary mycotoxicosis:a clinicopathologic study of three cases. Mod Pathol 11(5):432–436
Pestalozzi C (1959) [Febrile group diseases in a carpentry shop caused by inhalation of moisture from air humidifiers contaminated with molds.]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 89:710–713
Pether JV and Greatorex FB (1976) Farmer’s lung disease in Somerset. Br J Ind Med 33(4):265–268
Platts-Mills TA et al. (1982) Reduction of bronchial hyperreactivity during prolonged allergen avoidance. Lancet 2(8300):675–678
Plessner M (1960) [A disease of feather sorters:duck fever.]. Arch Mal Prof 21:67–69
Pratt DS and May JJ (1984) Feed-associated respiratory illness in farmers. Arch Environ Health 39(1):43–48
Radon K et al. (2003) [Respiratory diseases in European farmers-II. Part of the European farmers’ project]. Pneumologie 57(9):510–517
Rahman I and MacNee W (1996) Oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in smokers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 51(4):348–350
Ramazzini B (1700) de Morbis Artificum Diatriba. Editio secunda. Modena. 2 pt. in 1
Rankin J et al. (1962) Farmer’s lung:physiopathologic features of the acute interstitial granulomatous pneumonitis of agricultural workers. Ann Intern Med 57:606–626
Rankin J et al. (1967) Pulmonary granulomatoses due to inhaled organic antigens. Med Clin North Am 51(2):459–482
Rask-Andersen A (1989a) Organic dust toxic syndrome among farmers. Br J Ind Med 46(4):233–238
Rask-Andersen A (1989b) Allergic alveolitis in Swedish farmers. Ups J Med Sci 94(3):271–285
Rask-Andersen A (1996) Inhalation fever. In: Harber P, Schenker M, Balmes J (eds) Occupational and environmental respiratory disease. Mosby, St. Louis, Mo. pp 243–258
Rask-Andersen A and Pratt DS (1992) Inhalation fever:a proposed unifying term for febrile reactions to inhalation of noxious substances. Br J Ind Med 49(1):40
Rask-Andersen A, Malmberg P, Lundholm M (1989) Endotoxin levels in farming:absence of symptoms despite high exposure levels. Br J Ind Med 46(6):412–416
Rask-Andersen A et al. (1994) Inhalation fever and respiratory symptoms in the trimming department of Swedish sawmills. Am J Ind Med 25(1):65–67
Repine JE, Bast A, Lankhorst I (1997) Oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Oxidative Stress Study Group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156(2 Pt 1):341–357
(1998) Respiratory health hazards in agriculture. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 158(5 Pt 2):S1–S76
Reyes CN et al. (1982) The pulmonary pathology of farmer’s lung disease. Chest 81(2):142–146
Riedler J et al. (2001) Exposure to farming in early life and development of asthma and allergy:a cross-sectional survey. Lancet 358(9288):1129–1133
Ritter WL and Nussbaum MA (1944) Occupational illness in cotton industries. Miss Doctor 22:96–99
Roberts RC, Zais DP, Emanuel DA (1976) The frequency of precipitins to trichloroacetic acid-extractable antigens from thermophilic actinomycetes in farmer’s lung patients and asymptomatic farmers. Am Rev Respir Dis 114(1):23–28
Robinson TJ (1976) Letter: coeliac disease and diffuse lung disease. BMJ 1(6025):1593
Robinson TJ et al. (1981) Jejunal villous changes associated with farmer’s lung. Postgrad Med J 57(673):697–701
Rodriguez de Castro F et al. (1993) Relationships between characteristics of exposure to pigeon antigens. Clinical manifestations and humoral immune response. Chest 103(4):1059–1063
Rona RJ, Hughes JM, Chinn S (1999) Association between asthma and family size between 1977 and 1994. J Epidemiol Community Health 53(1):15–19
Rylander R (1987) The role of endotoxin for reactions after exposure to cotton dust. Am J Ind Med 12(6):687–697
Rylander R, Lundholm M (1978) Bacterial contamination of cotton and cotton dust and effects on the lung. Br J Ind Med 35(3):204–207
Salvaggio JE and Karr RM (1979) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis; state of the art. Chest 75[2 Suppl]:270–274
Schatz M and Patterson R (1983) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis-general considerations. Clin Rev Allergy 1(4):451–467
Schatz M, Patterson R, Fink J (1977) Immunopatholgenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 60(1):27–37
Schilling RS et al. (1955) An epidemiological study of byssinosis among Lancashire cotton workers. Br J Ind Med 12(3):217–227
Schuyler M (2001) Are polymorphisms the answer in hypersensitivity pneumonitis? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163(7):1513–1514
Schwartz J and Weiss ST (1990) Dietary factors and their relation to respiratory symptoms. The Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Epidemiol 132(1):67–76
Seal RM et al. (1968) The pathology of the acute and chronic stages of farmer’s lung. Thorax 23(5):469–489
Seifert SA et al. (2003) Organic dust toxic syndrome:a review. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 41(2):185–193
Shaheen SO et al. (1999) Birth weight, body mass index and asthma in young adults. Thorax 54(5):396–402
Sharma OP and Fujimura N (1995) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a noninfectious granulomatosis. Semin Respir Infect 10(2):96–106
Siafakas NM et al. (1995) Optimal assessment and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The European Respiratory Society Task Force. Eur Respir J 8(8):1398–1420
Sies H and Cadenas E (1985) Oxidative stress:damage to intact cells and organs. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 311(1152):617–631
Sigsgaard T and Schlunssen V (2004) Occupational asthma diagnosis in workers exposed to organic dust. Ann Agric Environ Med 11(1):1–7
Sigurdarson ST, Donham KJ, Kline JN (2004) Acute toxic pneumonitis complicating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a farmer. Am J Ind Med 46(4):393–395
Silverman EK et al. (1998) Genetic epidemiology of severe, early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Risk to relatives for airflow obstruction and chronic bronchitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157(6 Pt 1):1770–1778
Simon G et al. (1973) Relation between abnormalities in the chest radiograph and changes in pulmonary function in chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Thorax 28(1):15–23
Snider GL (1986) Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Chest 89[3 Suppl]:115S–121S
Somerville SM, Rona RJ, Chinn S (1984) Obesity and respiratory symptoms in primary school. Arch Dis Child 59(10):940–944
Sovijarvi AR et al. (1980) Trapped air in extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Respiration 40(2):57–64
Spurzem JR, Romberger DJ, Von Essen SG (2002) Agricultural lung disease. Clin Chest Med 23(4):795–810
Staines FH and Forman JAS (1961) A survey of farmer’s lung. J R Coll Gen Pract 4:351–382
Strachan DP and Cook DG (1998) Health effects of passive smoking. 6. Parental smoking and childhood asthma: longitudinal and case-control studies. Thorax 53(3):204–212
Sunyer J et al. (1998) Pulmonary ventilatory defects and occupational exposures in a population-based study in Spain. Spanish Group of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157(2):512–517
Tanaka H et al. (2002) Workplace-related chronic cough on a mushroom farm. Chest 122(3):1080–1085
Tarlo SM et al. (1997) Assessment of the relationship between isocyanate exposure levels and occupational asthma. Am J Ind Med 32(5):517–521
Taylor G (1986) Acute systemic effects of inhaled occupational agents. In: Merchant JA and Boehlecke BA (eds) Occupational respiratory diseases. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Cincinnati, Ohio. pp 607–625
Terho EO (1986) Diagnostic criteria for farmer’s lung disease. Am J Ind Med 10:329
Terho EO and Lacey J (1979) Microbiological and serological studies of farmers’ lung in Finland. Clin Allergy 9(1):43–52
Terho EO et al. (1980a) Myopericarditis associated with farmer’s lung. BMJ 281(6234):197
Terho EO, Lammi S, Heinonen OP (1980b) Seasonal variation in the incidence of farmer’s lung. Int J Epidemiol. 9(3):219–220
Terho EO, Heinonen OP, Lammi S (1983) Incidence of farmer’s lung leading to hospitalization and its relation to meteorological observations in Finland. Acta Med Scand 213(4):295–298
Terho EO et al. (1987) Incidence of clinically confirmed farmer’s lung in Finland and its relation to meteorological factors. Eur J Respir Dis Suppl 152:47–56
Tewksbury DA et al. (1981) Angiotensin-converting enzyme in farmer’s lung. Chest 79(1):102–104
Todd A, Coan RM, Allen A (1991) Pigeon breeders’ lung:pigeon intestinal mucin, an antigen distinct from pigeon IgA. Clin Exp Immunol 85(3):453–458
Törnell E (1946) Thresher’s lung. Fungoid disease resembling tuberculosis and morbis Schaumann. Acta Med Scand 125:191
Torok M, de Weck AL, Scherrer M (1981) [Allergic alveolitis as a result of mold on the bedroom wall]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 111(25):924–929
Tukiainen P et al. (1980) Farmer’s lung:needle biopsy findings and pulmonary function. Eur J Respir Dis 61:3–11
Turton CW et al. (1983) Red cell folate levels, food antibodies and reticulin antibodies in farmer’s lung-is there an association with coeliac disease? Br J Dis Chest 77(4):397–402
Ulrik CS and Lange P (1994) Decline of lung function in adults with bronchial asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150(3):629–634
US Department of Health and Human Services (1984) The health consequences of smoking:chronic obstructive lung disease. A report of the Surgeon General., P.H.S. US Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Smoking and Health (ed). US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
van Odijk J et al. (2003) Breastfeeding and allergic disease:a multidisciplinary review of the literature (1966–2001) on the mode of early feeding in infancy and its impact on later atopic manifestations. Allergy 58(9):833–843
Vandenplas O, Toren K, Blanc PD (2003) Health and socioeconomic impact of work-related asthma. Eur Respir J 22(4):689–697
Veen JC et al. (1998) Impaired perception of dyspnea in patients with severe asthma. Relation to sputum eosinophils. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 158(4):1134–1141
Venho KK et al. (1982) Splenic granulomas in Farmer’s lung disease. An extrapulmonary manifestation of extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Acta Med Scand 211(5):413–414
Vergnon JM et al. (1983) [Angiotensin converting enzyme at different stages of extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Serum and alveolar study]. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 19(5):439–445
Vesterinen E, Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M (1988) Prospective study of asthma in relation to smoking habits among 14,729 adults. Thorax 43(7):534–539
Viegi G and Di Pede C (2002) Chronic obstructive lung diseases and occupational exposure. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2(2):115–121
Viegi G et al. (1991) Respiratory effects of occupational exposure in a general population sample in north Italy. Am Rev Respir Dis 143(3):510–515
Viegi G et al. (1994) Risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a north Italian rural area. Eur J Epidemiol 10(6):725–731
Vogelmeier C et al. (1993) Activation of blood neutrophils in acute episodes of farmer’s lung. Am Rev Respir Dis 148(2):396–400
Vohlonen I et al. (1987) Prevalence and incidence of chronic bronchitis and farmer’s lung with respect to the geographical location of the farm and to the work of farmers. Eur J Respir Dis Suppl 152:37–46
von Mutius E et al. (1994) Prevalence of asthma and atopy in two areas of West and East Germany. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149(2 Pt 1):358–364
Warren CP (1977) Extrinsic allergic alveolitis:a disease commoner in non-smokers. Thorax 32(5):567–569
Warren P, Cherniack RM, Tse KS (1974) Hypersensitivity reactions to grain dust. J Allergy Clin Immunol 53(3):139–149
Warren CP, Tse KS, Cherniack RM (1978) Mechanical properties of the lung in extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Thorax 33:315–321
Warren CP, Holford-Strevens V, Manfreda J (1987) Respiratory disorders among Canadian farmers. Eur J Respir Dis Suppl 154:10–14
Weber S et al. (1993) Organic dust exposures from compost handling: case presentation and respiratory exposure assessment. Am J Ind Med 24(4):365–374
Werb Z et al. (1982) Elastases and elastin degradation. J Invest Dermatol 79[Suppl 1]:154s–159s
Werner GC (1955) [Allergic edematous bronchiolitis; statistical survey on asthma caused by textile plant dust.]. Arch Mal Prof 16(1):27–45
Wilkie BN and Nielsen K (1981) Bovine hypersensitivity pneumonitis and reaginic antibody. Adv Exp Med Biol 137:693–709
Williams JV (1963) Pulmonary function studies in patients with farmer’s lung. Thorax 18:255–263
Wintermeyer SF et al. (1997) Pulmonary responses after wood chip mulch exposure. J Occup Environ Med 39(4):308–314
Woolcock AJ et al. (1971) Lung volume changes in astham measured concurrently by two methods. Am Rev Respir Dis 104(5):703–709
Xu X et al. (1992) Exposure-response relationships between occupational exposures and chronic respiratory illness:a community-based study. Am Rev Respir Dis 146(2):413–418
Ye TT et al. (1998) Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function among Chinese rice-granary workers. Int J Occup Environ Health 4(3):155–159
Yoshida K, Ando M, Araki S (1989) Acute pulmonary edema in a storehouse of moldy oranges: a severe case of the organic dust toxic syndrome. Arch Environ Health 44(6):382–384
Yunginger JW et al. (1992) A community-based study of the epidemiology of asthma. Incidence rates, 1964–1983. Am Rev Respir Dis 146(4):888–894
Zejda JE et al. (1994) Respiratory health status in swine producers relates to endotoxin exposure in the presence of low dust levels. J Occup Med 36(1):49–56
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rask-Andersen, A., Omland, Ø. (2006). Bio-Aerosols and Organic Dusts. In: De Vuyst, P., Gevenois, P.A. (eds) Imaging of Occupational and Environmental Disorders of the Chest. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-30903-9_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-30903-9_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-21343-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-30903-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)