Skip to main content

Pediatric Nuclear Medicine: A Coming of Age

  • Chapter
Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abu-Judeh HH, Singh M, Masdeu JC, Abdel-Dayem HM (1998) Discordance between FDG uptake and technetium-99m HMPAO brain perfusion in acute traumatic brain injury. J Nucl Med 39:1357–1359

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aldenkamp AP, Alpherts WCJ, Dekker MJA, Overweg J (1990) Neuropsychological aspects of learning disabilities in epilepsy. Epilepsia 31:S9–S20

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Allan WC, Volpe JJ (1986) Periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage. Pediatr Clin North Am 36:47–63

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Altman DI, Perlman JM, Volpe JJ, Powers WJ (1993) Cerebral oxygen metabolism in newborns. Pediatrics 92:99–104

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baenziger O, Mueller AM, Morales CG, Jaggi JL, Duc G, von Siebenthal K, Bucher H-U (1999) Cerebral blood flow and neurological outcome in the preterm infant. Eur J Pediatr 158:138–143

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barabino A, Gattorno M, Cabria M, Sormani MP, Occhi M, Villavecchia G, Gandullia P, Buoncompagni A, Castellano E, Picco P (1998) 99mTc-white cell scanning to detect gut inflammation in children with inflammatory bowel diseases or spondyloarthropathies. Clin Exp Rheumatol 16:327–334

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barrio R, Roldán MB, Alonso M, Cantón R, Camerero C (1997) Helicobacter pylori infection with parietal cell antibodies in children and adolescents with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 10:511–516

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berdon WE (1999) Editorial comment. Pediatr Radiol 29:721

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bujanover Y, Reif S, Yahav J (1996) Helicobacter pylori and peptic disease in the pediatric patient. Pediatr Clin North Am 43:213–234

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burroni L, Aucone AM, Volterrani D, Hayek Y, Bertelli P, Vella A, Zappella M, Vattimo A (1997) Brain perfusion abnormalities in Rett syndrome: a qualitative and quantitative SPET study with 99mTC-ECD. Nucl Med Commun 18:527–534

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caglar M, Belzberg AS, Spruston B, Sexsmith G (1999) Timeoptimized carbon-14 breath test for Helicobacter pylori contamination of the stomach. Clin Nucl Med 9:674–677

    Google Scholar 

  • Çelik J, Su B, Tirén U, Finkel Y, Thoresson A, Engstrand L, Sandstedt B, Bernander S, Normark S (1998) Virulence and colonization-associated properties of Helicobacter pylori isolated from children and adolescents. J Infect Dis 177:247–252

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chakos MH, Esposito S, Charles C, Lieberman JA (1998) Clinical applications of neuroimaging in psychiatry. MRI Clin North Am 6:155–164

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Charron M (1997) Inflammatory bowel disease in pediatric patients. Q J Nucl Med 41:309–320

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Charron M, del Rosario JF, Kocoshis S (1998a) Use of technetium-tagged white blood cells in patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis: is differential diagnosis possible? Pediatr Radiol 28:871–877

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Charron M, Fernando del Rosario J, Kocoshis S (1998b) Distribution of acute bowel inflammation determined by technetium-labeled white blood cells in children with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 4:84–88

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Charron M, del Rosario FJ, Kocoshis SA (1999) Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: assessment with scintigraphy with 99mTc white blood cells. Radiology 212:507–513

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chiron C, Raynaud C, Maziere B, Zilbovicius M, Laflamme L, Masure MC, Dulac O, Bourguignon M, Syrota A (1992) Changes in regional cerebral blood flow during brain maturation in children and adolescents. J Nucl Med 33:696–703

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chugani HT (1992) Functional brain imaging in pediatrics. Pediatr Clin North Am 39:777–799

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chugani HT (1998) A critical period of brain development: studies of cerebral glucose utilization with PET (review). Prev Med 27:184–188

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chugani HT, Phelps ME (1986) Maturational changes in cerebral function in infants determined by [18]FDG positron emission tomography. Science 231:840–843

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chugani HT, Phelps ME, Mazziotta JC (1987) Positron emission tomography study of human brain functional development. Ann Neurol 22:487–497

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corrado G, Luzzi I, Lucarelli S, Frediani T, Pacchiarotti C, Cavaliere M, Rea P, Cardi E (1998) Positive association between Helicobacter pylori infection and food allergy in children. Scand J Gastroenterol 33:1135–1139

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cutler AF (1997) Diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori infection. Gastroenterologist 5:202–212

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • David LR, Genecov DG, Camastra AA, Wilson JA, Argenta LC (1999) Positron emission tomography studies confirm the need for early surgical intervention in patients with single-suture craniosynostosis. J Craniofac Surg 10:38–42

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deb S, Thompson B (1998) Neuroimaging in autism. Br J Psychiatry 173:299–302

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Debongie JC, Pauwels S, Raat A, de Meeus Y, Haot J, Mainguet P (1991) Quantification of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastritis and ulcer disease using a simple and rapid carbon-14-urea breath test. J Nucl Med 32:1192–1198

    Google Scholar 

  • Del Rosario MA, Fitzgerald JF, Siddiqui AR, Chong SK, Croffie JM, Gupta SK (1999) Clinical applications of technetium Tc 99m hexamethyl propylene amine oxime leukocyte scan in children with inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 28:63–70

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Denays R, Tondeur M, Foulon M, Verstraeten F, Ham H, Piepsz A, Noel P (1989) Regional brain blood flow in congenital dysphasia: studies with technetium-99m HM-PAO SPECT. J Nucl Med 30:1825–1829

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Denays R, Tondeur M, Toppet V, Ham H, Piepsz A, Spehl M, Rubinstein M, Noel P (1990) Cerebral palsy: initial experience with Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT of the brain. Radiology 175:111–116

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Devinsky O, Bear D (1984) Varieties of aggressive behavior in temporal lobe epilepsy. Am J. Psychiatry 141:651–656

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon AK, Dendy P (1998) How much does radiation dose matter? The Lancet 352:1082–1083

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duggan AE, Usmani I, Neal KR, Logan RF (1998) Appendicectomy, childhood hygiene, Helicobacter pylori status, and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a case control study. Gut 43:494–498

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ernst M (1999) PET in child psychiatry: the risks and benefits of studying normal healthy children. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 23:561–570

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ernst M, Freed ME, Zametkin AJ (1998) Health hazards of radiation exposure in the context of brain imaging research: special consideration for children. J Nucl Med 39:689–698

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fall CH, Goggin PM, Hawtin P, Fine D, Duggleby S (1997) Growth in infancy, infant feeding, childhood living conditions, and Helicobacter pylori infection at age 70. Arch Dis Child 77:310–314

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Filipek PA (1999) Neuroimaging in the developmental disorders: the state of the science. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 40:113–128

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gainey MA, Siegel JA, Smergel EM, Jara BJ (1988) Indium-111-labeled white blood cells: dosimetry in children. J Nucl Med 29:689–694

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Galaske RG, Schober O, Heyer R (1988) 99mTc-HM-PAO and 123I-amphetamine cerebral scintigraphy: a new, noninvasive method in determination of brain death in children. Eur J Nucl Med 14:446–452

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gold BD, Khanna B, Huang LM, Lee CY, Banatvala N (1997) Helicobacter pylori acquisition in infancy after decline of maternal passive immunity. Pediatr Res 41:641–646

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman JM, Heck LL, Moore BD (1985) Confirmation of brain death with portable isotope angiography: a review of 204 consecutive cases. Neurosurgery 16:492–497

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon I (1996) Cerebral blood flow imaging in paediatrics: a review. Nucl Med Commun 17:1021–1029

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goshen E, Zwas ST, Shahar E, Tadmor R (1996) The role of Tc-99m-HMPAO brain SPET in paediatric traumatic brain injury. Nucl Med Commun 17:418–422

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gottrand F, Cullu F, Turck D, Vincent P, Michaud L, Husson MO, Martin Delasalle E, Farriaux JP (1997) Normal gastric histology in Helicobacter pylori-infected children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 25:74–78

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Granström M, Tindberg Y, Blennow M (1997) Seroepidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in a cohort of children monitored from 6 months to 11 years of age. J Clin Microbiol 35:468–470

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greisen G (1986) Cerebral blood flow in preterm infants during the first week of life. Acta Paediatr Scand 75:43–51

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greisen G (1990) Cerebral blood flow in mechanically ventilated preterm neonates. Dan Med Bull 2:124–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Greisen G, Pryds O (1988) Intravenous 133Xe clearance in preterm neonates with respiratory distress. Internal validation of CBF, as a measure of global cerebral blood flow. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 48:673–678

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Günel E, Findik D, Caglayan O, Caglayan F, Topgaç Z (1998) Helicobacter pylori and hypergastrinemia in children with recurrent abdominal pain. Pediatr Surg Int 14:40–42

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hall E (1999) Commentary. Pediatr Radiol 29:721–722

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hassall E (1994) Clinical practise guidelines for suspected peptic ulcer disease in children. BC Med J 36:538–539

    Google Scholar 

  • Heaney A, Collins JS, Tham TC, Watson PR, McFarland JR, Bamford KB (1998) A prospective study of the management of the young Helicobacter pylori negative dyspeptic patient — can gastroscopies be saved in clinical practice? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 10:953–956

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henze E, Malfertheiner P, Clausen M, Burkhardt H, Adam WE (1990) Validation of a simplified carbon-14-urea breath test for routine use for detecting Helicobacter pylori noninvasively. J Nucl Med 31:1940–1944

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hill P, Rode J (1998) Helicobacter pylori in ectopic gastric mucosa in Meckel’s diverticulum. Pathology 30:7–9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes GL (1991) Do seizures cause brain damage? Epilepsia 32:S14–828

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holzman BH, Curless RG, Sfakianakis GN, Ajmone-Marsan C, Montes JE (1983) Radionuclide cerebral perfusion scintigraphy in determination of brain death in children. Neurology 33:1027–1031

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hornemann F, Nilius M, Malfertheiner P, Bartmann P (1997) Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in German infants and children. Helicobacter 2:176–179

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang FC, Chang MH, Hsu HY, Lee PI, Shun CT (1999) Longterm follow-up of duodenal ulcer in children before and after eradication of Helicobacter pylori. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 28:76–80

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ierardi E, Francavilla R, Balzano T, Negrini R, Francavilla A (1998) Autoantibodies reacting with gastric antigens in Helicobacter pylori associated body gastritis of dyspeptic children. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 30:478–480

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs A, Put E, Ingels M, Bossuyt A (1994) Prospective evaluation of technetium-99m HMPAO-SPECT in mild and moderate traumatic brain injury. J Nucl Med 35:942–947

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kao CH, Wang SJ, Yeh SH (1994) The relationship among the quantitative perfusion-defect indices in Tc-99m HMPAO brain SPECT, IQ test, and involved extremities in children with cerebral palsy due to perinatal asphyxia. Clin Nucl Med 19:309–313

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kerrigan JF, Chugani HT, Phelps ME (1991) Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in clinical subtypes of cerebral palsy. Pediatr Neurol 7:415–425

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kinnala A, Suhonen-Polvi H, Aarimaa T, Kero P, Korvenranta H, Ruotsalainen U, Bergman J, Haaparanta M, Solin O, Nuutila P, Wegelius U (1996) Cerebral metabolic rate for glucose during the first six months of life: an FDG positron emission tomography study. Arch Dis Child 74:F153–F157

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolho KL, Rautelin H, Lindahl H, Savilahti E (1998) Helicobacter pylori-positive gastritis in pediatric patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol 27:292–295

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lampreave JL, Molina V, Mardomingo MJ, Bittini A, Dominguez P, Almoguera I, Rubia FJ, Carreras JL (1998) Technetium-99m-HMPAO in Tourette’s syndrome on neuroleptic therapy and after withdrawal. J Nucl Med 39:624–628

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Landau WM, Kleffner FR (1957) Syndrome of acquired aphasia with convulsive disorder in children. Neurology 7:523–530

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lappalainen R, Liewendahl K, Sainio K et al (1997) Brain perfusion SPECT and EEG findings in Rett syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand 95:44–50

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larar GN, Nagel JS (1992) Technetium-99m-HMPAO cerebral perfusion scintigraphy: considerations for timely brain death declaration. J Nucl Med 33:2209–2213

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laurin NR, Dreidger AA, Hurwitz GA, Mattar AG, Powe JE, Chamberlain MJ, Zabel PL, Pavlovsky WF (1989) Cerebral perfusion imaging with technetium-99m HM-PAO in brain death and severe central nervous system injury. J Nucl Med 30:1627–1635

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee JD, Kim DI, Ryu YH, Whang GJ, Park CI, Kim DG (1998) Technetium-99m-ECD brain SPECT in cerebral palsy: comparison with MRI. J Nucl Med 39:619–623

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leide-Svegborn S, Stenstrom K, Olofsson M, Mattsson S, Nilsson LE, Nosslin B, Pau K, Johansson L, Erlandsson B, Hellborg R, Skog G (1999) Biokinetics and radiation doses for carbon-14 urea in adults and children undergoing the Helicobacter pylori breath test. Eur J Nucl Med 26:573–580

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lesser R, Luders H, Wylie E et al (1986) Mental deterioration in epilepsy. Epilepsia 27:S105–S123

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ljung B (1997) The child in diagnostic nuclear medicine. Eur J Nucl Med 24:683–690

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lou HC, Henriksen L, Bruhn P, Borner H, Bieber Nielsen J (1989) Striatal dysfunction in attention deficit and hyperkinetic disorder. Arch Neurol 46:48–52

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luzza F, Mancuso M, Imeneo M, Mesuraca L, Contaldo A, Giancotti L, La Vecchia AM, Docimo C, Pensabene L, Strisciuglio P, Pallone F, Guandalini S (1999) Helicobacter pylori infection in children with celiac disease: prevalence and clinicopathologic features. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 28:143–146

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malaty HM, Graham DY, Wattigney WA, Srinivasan SR, Osato M, Berenson GS (1999) Natural history of Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood:12-year follow-up cohort study in a biracial community. Clin Infect Dis 28:279–282

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maquet P, Hirsch E, Dive D et al (1990) Cerebral glucose utilization during sleep in Landau-Kleffner syndrome: a PET study. Epilepsia 31:778–783

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell HM, Hazell SL, Bohane TD, Hu P, Chen M, Li YY (1999) The prevalence of antibody to CagA in children is not a marker for specific disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 28:71–75

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Müller RA, Behen ME, Rothermel RD, Chugani DC, Muzik O, Mangner TJ, Chugani HT (1999) Brain mapping of language and auditory perception in high-functioning autistic adults: a PET study. J Autism Dev Disorders 29:19–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Naidu S, Wong DF, Kitt C, Wenk G, Moser HW (1992) Positron emission tomography in the Rett syndrome: clinical, biochemical and pathological correlates. Brain Dev 14[Suppl]:S75–79

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nardone G, Rocco A, Budillon G (1998) Does Helicobacter pylori play a role in inflammatory bowel disease? Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 30:134–137

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Narla LD, Hingsbergen EA, Jones JE (1999) Adult diseases in children. Pediatr Radiol 29:244–254

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ng DK, Liu JH, Ho JC (1997) Paediatric upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a 2-year review. Chin Med J (Engl) 110:587–589

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oderda G, Ponzetto A, Boero M, Bellis D, Forni M, Vaira D, Ansaldi N (1997) Family treatment of symptomatic children with Helicobacter pylori infection. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 29:509–514

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Tuama LA, Treves ST (1993) Brain single-photon emission computed tomography for behavior disorders in children (review). Semin Nucl Med 23:255–264

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Tuama LA, Urion DK, Janicek MJ, Treves ST, Bjornson B, Moriarty JM (1992) Regional cerebral perfusion in Landau-Kleffner syndrome and related childhood aphasias. J Nucl Med 33:1758–1765

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Tuama LA, Dickstein DP, Neeper R, Gascon G (1999) Functional brain imaging in neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood. J Child Neurol 14:207–221

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parente F, Molteni P, Bollani S, Maconi G, Vago L, Duca PG, Rembacken B, Axon AT, Bianchi Porro G (1997) Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and related upper gastrointestinal lesions in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. A cross-sectional study with matching. Scand J Gastroenterol 32:1140–1146

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pintelon H, Jonckheer MH, Piepsz A (1994) Paediatric nuclear medicine procedures: routine sedation or management of anxiety? Nucl Med Commun 15:664–666

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pryds O, Greisen G, Lou H, Friis-Hansen B (1990) Vasoparalysis associated with brain damage in asphyxiated term infants. J Pediatr 117:119–125

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Risch SC (1997) Recent advances in depression research: from stress to molecular biology and brain imaging. J Clin Psychiatry 58:3–6

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roebuck DJ (1999) Risk and benefit in paediatric radiology. Pediatr Radiol 29:637–640

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rothenbacher D, Bode G, Berg G, Knayer U, Gonser T, Adler G, Brenner H (1999) Helicobacter pylori among preschool children and their parents: evidence of parent-child transmission. J Infect Dis 179:398–402

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rubinstein M, Denays R, Ham HR, Piepsz A, VanPachterbeke T, Haumont D, Noel P (1989) Functional imaging of brain maturation in humans using iodine-123 iodoamphetamine and SPECT. J Nucl Med 30:1982–1985

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salardi S, Cacciari E, Menegatti M, Landi F, Mazzanti L, Stella FA, Pirazzoli P, Vaira D (1999) Helicobacter pylori and type 1 diabetes mellitus in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 28:307–309

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schiepers C, Verbruggen A, Casaer P, De Roo M (1997) Normal brain perfusion pattern of technetium-99m-ethylcysteinate dimer in children. J Nucl Med 38:1115–1120

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schifter T, Hoffman JM, Hatten P, Hanson MW, Coleman E, DeLong GR (1994) Neuroimaging in infantile autism. J Child Neurol 9:155–161

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sherazi Z, Gordon I (1996) Quality of care: identification and quantitation of the process of care among children undergoing nuclear medicine studies. Nucl Med Commun 17:363–366

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sieg KG, Buckingham D, Gaffney GR, Preston DF, Sieg KG (1993) Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT brain imaging of Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome. Clin Nucl Med 18:255

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stabin MG, Gelfand MJ (1998) Dosimetry of pediatric nuclear medicine procedures. Q J Nucl Med 42:93–112

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steen T, Berstad K, Meling T, Berstad A (1995) Reproducibility of the 14 C urea breath test repeated after 1 week. Am J Gastroenterol 90:2103–2105

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stringer DA (1989) Pediatric gastrointestinal imaging. Decker, Philadelphia, Pa

    Google Scholar 

  • Swedo SE, Schapiro MB, Grady CL, Cheslow DL, Leonard HL, Kumar A, Friedland R, Rapoport SI, Rapoport JL (1989) Cerebral glucose metabolism in childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46:518–523

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi T, Shirane R, Sato S, Yoshimoto T (1999) Developmental changes of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 20:917–922

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tannock R (1998) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: advances in cognitive, neurobiological, and genetic research. J Child Psychol Psychiatr 39:65–69

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tuchman RF (1994) Epilepsy, language, and behavior: clinical models in childhood. J Child Neurol 9:95–102

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vaira D, Menegatti M, Salardi S, Ali A, Altomare Stella F, Figura N, Landi F, Holton J, Farinelli S, Cuccaro V, Miglioli M, Cacciari E (1998) Helicobacter pylori and diminished growth in children: is it simply a marker of deprivation. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 30:129–133

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Valle G, Ciritella P, Bonetti MG, Dicembrino F, Perrone E, Perna GP (1993) Considerations of brain death on a SPECT cerebral perfusion study. Clin Nucl Med 18:953–954

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van der Kolk BA (1997) The psychobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (review). J Clin Psychiatry 58[Suppl 9]:16–24

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vandenplas Y, Blecker U (1998) Helicobacter pylori infection in children. Acta Paediatr 87:1105–1112

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss S (1993) Sedation of pediatric patients for nuclear medicine procedures (review). Semin Nucl Med 23:190–198

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wewer V, Andersen LP, Paerregaard A, Gernow AB, Hart Hansen JP, Matzen P, Krasilnikoff PA (1998) The prevalence and related symptomatology of Helicobacter pylori in children with recurrent abdominal pain. Acta Paediatr 87:830–835.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wieler H, Marohl K, Kaiser KP, Klawki P, Frossler H (1993) Tc-99m HMPAO cerebral scintigraphy. A reliable, noninvasive method for determination of brain death. Clin Nucl Med 18:104–109

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson K, Gordon L, Selby JB (1993) The diagnosis of brain death with Tc-99m HMPAO. Clin Nucl Med 18:428–434

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamada K, Tsuzura S, Matsuda H (1995) Brain MRI and single photon emission computed tomography in severe athetotic cerebral palsy: a comparative study with mental and motor disorders (in Japanese). No To Hattatsu 27:269–275

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamaki T, Imahori Y, Ohomori Y et al (1996) Cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism of severe diffuse brain injury measured by PET. J Nucl Med 37:1166–1170

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshikawa H, Fueki N, Suzuki H, Sakuragawa N, Masaaki I (1991) Cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in Rett syndrome. J Child Neurol 6:237–242

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Younger SJ, Landefeld CS, Coulton CJ, Jukialis BW, Leary M (1989) “Brain death” and organ retrieval. A cross-sectional survey

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nadel, H.R., Stilwell, M.E. (2006). Pediatric Nuclear Medicine: A Coming of Age. In: Baert, A.L., Sartor, K., Schiepers, C. (eds) Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-30005-8_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-30005-8_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-42309-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-30005-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics