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Longevity of the Immune Response and Memory to Blood-Stage Malaria Infection

  • Chapter
Immunology and Immunopathogenesis of Malaria

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 297))

Abstract

Immunity to malaria develops slowly with protection against the parasite lagging behind protection against disease symptoms. The data on the longevity of protective immune responses are sparse.However, studies of antibody responses associated with protection reveal that they consist of a short- and a long-lived component. Compared with the antibody levels observed in other infection and immunization systems, the levels of the short-lived antibody compartment drop below the detectable thresholdwithunusual rapidity. Theprevalenceof long-livedantibodies is comparable to that seen after bacterial and protozoan infections. There is even less available data concerning T cell longevity in malaria infection, but what there is seems to indicate that T cell memory is short in the absence of persistent antigen. In general, the degree and duration of parasite persistence represent a major factor determining how immune response longevity and protection correlate. The predilection for short-lived immune responses in malaria infection could be caused by a number of mechanisms resulting from the interplay of normal regulatory mechanisms of the immune system and immune evasion by the parasite. In conclusion, it appears that the parasite-host relationship has developed to favor some short-lived responses,which allowthe host to survivewhile allowing the parasite to persist.Anti-malarialimmune responses present a complexpicture, andmany aspects of regulationandlongevity of the response require further research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Tumor Genetics and Immunogenetics, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092, Berlin, Germany

    A. H. Achtman

  2. Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Headington, Oxford, OX39DS, UK

    P. C. Bull

  3. Division of Parasitology, National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, UK

    R. Stephens & J. Langhorne

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  1. A. H. Achtman
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  4. J. Langhorne
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  1. Division of Parasitology, National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, NW7 1AA, UK

    Jean Langhorne PhD

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Achtman, A.H., Bull, P.C., Stephens, R., Langhorne, J. (2005). Longevity of the Immune Response and Memory to Blood-Stage Malaria Infection. In: Langhorne, J. (eds) Immunology and Immunopathogenesis of Malaria. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 297. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-29967-X_3

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