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Bacterial Virulence Factors and Rho GTPases pp 91–111Cite as

Rho GTPases and the Control of the Oxidative Burst in Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

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Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 291))

Abstract

Stimulation of quiescent leukocytes activates the NADPH oxidase, a membrane-associated enzyme system that generates superoxide and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are used to kill bacteria within the phagosome. This chapter describes this multicomponent NADPH oxidase system, one of the first cellular systems shown to be directly regulated by Rac GTPases. We present current models of NADPH oxidase regulation by Rac2 and describe how Rac2 activation controls the timing of ROS production in adherent neutrophils. The antagonistic role that Cdc42 plays as a competitor of Rac2 for binding to the cytochrome component of the NADPH oxidase is discussed as a possible mechanism for tonic regulation of ROS production during the formation of the phagosome. Finally, we briefly depict mechanisms by which invasive bacteria can alter (inhibit) NADPH oxidase function, focusing on the effects of invasive bacteria on components and assembly of the NADPH oxidase.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Immunology and Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, IMM-14, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA

    B. A. Diebold & G. M. Bokoch

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  1. B. A. Diebold
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  2. G. M. Bokoch
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine, INSERM U627, IFR 50, 28, Avenue de Valombrose, Nice, France

    Patrice Boquet (Professor Dr.) & Emmanuel Lemichez (Professor Dr.) (Professor Dr.) &  (Professor Dr.)

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Diebold, B.A., Bokoch, G.M. (2005). Rho GTPases and the Control of the Oxidative Burst in Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes. In: Boquet, P., Lemichez, E. (eds) Bacterial Virulence Factors and Rho GTPases. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 291. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27511-8_6

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