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Innovation and growth in Germany over the past 150 years

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Entrepreneurships, the New Economy and Public Policy

Abstract

This contribution starts from today’s definitions of innovation indicators and traces their evolution back over the past 150 years. It is divided into a descriptive and an econometric part. The German innovation system has generally been very stable, even though it witnessed several political changes over the past century. This allows a comparison of the period 1850–1913 with 1951–1999. In the first period, the overall empirical results indicate a linear innovation relation between student numbers as well as public science expenditure, the number of patents granted, and economic demand. However, the second period suggests a different logic in the innovation process: demand drives total R&D expenditure, while patent output does not follow demand. The real domestic product does not seem to depend strongly on innovation activities.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI), Breslauer Str. 48, 76139, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Hariolf Grupp & Icíar Dominguez Lacasa

  2. Institute of Economic Policy Research (IWW) at the University of Karlsruhe, Post Box, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Hariolf Grupp & Monika Friedrich-Nishio

  3. Chair for Macroeconomic Theory and Policy, University of Wuppertal, Gauss-Str. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany

    Andre Jungmittag

Authors
  1. Hariolf Grupp
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  2. Icíar Dominguez Lacasa
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  3. Monika Friedrich-Nishio
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  4. Andre Jungmittag
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Chair for Microeconomics, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Str. 3, 07743, Jena, Germany

    Uwe Cantner

  2. Department of Economics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA

    Elias Dinopoulos

  3. Graduate School of Business, University of Florida, 201 Bryan Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7150, USA

    Robert F. Lanzillotti

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Grupp, H., Dominguez Lacasa, I., Friedrich-Nishio, M., Jungmittag, A. (2005). Innovation and growth in Germany over the past 150 years. In: Cantner, U., Dinopoulos, E., Lanzillotti, R.F. (eds) Entrepreneurships, the New Economy and Public Policy. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26994-0_15

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