Abstract
Nicotine is the main substance responsible for dependence on tobacco-containing products, which have a heavy impact on the public health of developed as well as non-developed countries by being a main etiologic factor for the induction of cardiovascular diseases and tobacco-related cancer. A vaccine against nicotine induces antibodies against the molecule, intercepting the nicotine on its way to its specific receptors. The binding of the antibody to nicotine in turn significantly diminishes the nicotine concentration in the brain shortly after smoking. This approach therefore interrupts the vicious circle between smoking and nicotine-related gratification. The preclinical data of our animal experiments are briefly summarized. At the end of 2003, three companies were in early clinical development of an anti-nicotine vaccine: Xenova (TA-NIC), Nabi (NicVAX) and Cytos (Nicotine-Qbeta). The carrier molecules are recombinant cholera toxin B (TA-NIC), an especially selected carrier protein (Nabi) and a virus-like particle VLP (Cytos). Another carrier is additionally used by Chilka in an advanced preclinical model, which showed superiority to cholera toxin B carrier. Cytos has successfully completed a phase I study with 40 healthy non-smoking volunteers. So far, results of a phase I trial by Cytos have shown no unexpected toxicities and phase II trials have now started in Switzerland (Cytos).
Keywords
- Preclinical Development
- Early Clinical Development
- Main Etiologic Factor
- Nicotine Challenge
- Alzet Osmotic Pump
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Fowler JS, Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Pappas N, Logan J, MacGregor R, Alexoff D, Wolf AP, Warner D, Cilento R, Zezulkova I (1998) Neuropharmacological actions of cigarette smoke: brain monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) inhibition. J Addict Dis 17:23–34
Fowler JS, Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Pappas N, Logan J, MacGregor R, Alexoff D, Shea C, Schlyer D, Wolf AP, Warner D, Zezulkova I, Cilento R (1996) Inhibition of monoamine oxidase B in the brains of smokers. Nature 379:733–736
Wise RA (1996) Neurobiology of addiction. Curr Opin Neurobiol 6:243–251
Chiamulera C, Epping-Jordan MP, Zocchi A, Marcon C, Cottiny C, Tacconi S, Corsi M, Orzi F, Conquet F (2001) Reinforcing and locomotor stimulant effects of cocaine are absent in mGluR5 null mutant mice. Nat Neurosci 4:873–874
Cornish JL, Kalivas PW (2001) Cocaine sensitization and craving: Differing roles for dopamine and glutamate in the nucleus accumbens. J Addict Dis 20
Bonese KF, Wainer BH, Fitch FW, Rothberg RM, Schuster CR (1974) Changes in heroin self-administration by a rhesus monkey after morphine immunisation. Nature 252:708–710
Cerny EH (1990) Vaccine and immune serum against drugs of abuse. Patent WO 92/03163
Langone JJ, Gjika HB, Van Vunakis H (1973) Nicotine and its metabolites. Radioimmunoassays for nicotine and cotinine. Biochemistry 12:5025–5030
Langone JJ, Van Vunakis H (1982) Radioimmunoassay of nicotine, cotinine, and gamma-(3-pyridyl)-gammaoxo-N-methylbutyramide. Methods Enzymol 84:628–640
Castro A, Prieto I (1975) Nicotine antibody production: Comparison of two nicotine conjugates in different animal species. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 67:583–589
Cerny EH, Levy R, Mauel J, Mpandi M, Mutter M, Henzelin-Nkubana C, Patiny L, Tuchscherer G, Cerny T (2002) Preclinical development of a vaccine against smoking. Onkologie 25:406–411
Gorrod JW, Jacob P (eds) (1999) Analytic determination of nicotine and related compounds and their metabolites. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 69–135
Crooks PA, Godin CS, Pool WF (1992) Enantiomeric purity of nicotine in tobacco smoke. Med Sci Res 20:879–880
Kaliss N, Pressman D (1950) Plasma and blood volumes of mouse organs, as determined with radioactive iodoproteins. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 75:16–20
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Cerny, T. (2005). Anti-nicotine Vaccination: Where Are We?. In: Senn, HJ., Morant, R. (eds) Tumor Prevention and Genetics III. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 166. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26980-0_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26980-0_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-22228-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-26980-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)