Abstract
Loess is a loose, open-structured metastable soil of aeolian origin, predominantly composed of 20–60 µm quartz particles bonded together by clay particles and, in some cases, carbonate compounds. When dry it can withstand high overburden stresses, whilst upon saturation it collapses creating potentially enormous engineering problems. The mechanisms controlling this metastable behaviour involve the disintegration of inter-particle clay and chemical bonding and variations in the pore water pressures (i.e. suctions) during saturation.
The paper describes methods of creation of artificial loess samples using an airfall approach to allow the variation of bonding constituents, arrangements and formation processes. The amount of powdered clay added to primary quartz particles (ground silica) was varied and three methods for activation of clay bonding were employed, i.e. water spray, capillary wetting and steaming. The reproducibility of the synthetic loess created was determined through oedometer testing of the resulting samples, the results of which are reported together with those for undisturbed samples of mid-European loess. Similarities and differences are discussed in the context of the likely bonding mechanisms. It is concluded that creation of reproducible synthetic loess samples, while controlling its constituents, makes possible the individual examination of the different parameters that control bonding in loess.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Assallay, A.M., Rogers, C.D.F., Smalley I.J. (1997). Formation and collapse of metastable particle packings and open structures in loess deposits. Eng. Geol., 48: 101–115
Assallay, A.M. (1998). Structure and Hydrocollapse Behaviour of Loess. PhD Thesis, Loughborough University, UK.
Boardman, D. I., Rogers, C. D. F., Jefferson, I., Rouaiguia, A. (2001). Physicochemical characteristics of British loess. Proc. International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Istanbul.
British Standards Institution (1990). Methods for testing soils for civil engineering purposes. BS 1377, HMSO, London.
Derbyshire, E., Dijkstra, T. A., & Smalley, I. J., (1995a). Genesis and Properties of Collapsible Soils. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 413p
Dibben, S.C. (1998). A Microstructural Model for Collapsing Soils. Ph. D. Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, UK.
Hornbaker, D.J., Albert, R., Albert, I., Barabasi, A-L., & Schiffer, P. (1997). What keeps sandcastles standing. Nature 387, 765.
Osipov, V. I., & Sokolov, V. N. (1995). Factors and mechanisms of loess collapsibility. Proc of the NATO advanced workshop on Genesis and Properties of Collapsible Soils: 49–63
Rogers, C.D.F., Smalley, I.J. (1993). The shape of loess particles. Naturwisseschaften 80: 461–462
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Zourmpakis, A., Boardman, D.I., Rogers, C.D.F. (2005). Creation of artificial loess soils. In: Schanz, T. (eds) Unsaturated Soils: Experimental Studies. Springer Proceedings in Physics, vol 93. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26736-0_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26736-0_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-21121-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-26736-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)