Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 180))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Brooks PD, Williams MW, Schmidt SK (1998) Inorganic nitrogen and microbial biomass dynamics before and during spring snowmelt. Biogeochemistry 43:1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bylund H (1995) Long-term interactions between the autumnal moth and mountain birch: the role of resources, competitors, natural enemies, and weather. PhD Thesis, Swedish University Agricultural Sciences

    Google Scholar 

  • Bylund H (1999) Climate and the population dynamics of two insect outbreak species in the north. Ecol Bull 47:54–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Bylund H, Nordell KO (2001) Biomass proportions, production and leaf nitrogen distribution in a polycormic mountain birch stand (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) in northern Sweden. In: Wielgolaski FE (ed) Nordic mountain birch ecosystems. Man and the biosphere series, vol 27. UNESCO, Paris and Parthenon, New York, London, pp 115–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapin FS III (1983) Direct and indirect effects of temperature on arctic plants. Polar Biol 2:47–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dahlberg U (2001) Quantification and classification of Scandinavian mountain vegetation based on field data and optical satellite images. Dept For Res Manage Geomatics, Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Rep 12

    Google Scholar 

  • Eckstein D, Hoogesteger J, Holmes RL (1991) Insect-related differences in growth of birch and pine at northern treeline in Swedish Lapland. Holarct Ecol 14:18–23s

    Google Scholar 

  • Elkington TT, Jones MG (1974) Biomass and primary production of birch (Betula pubescens s. lat.) in south-west Greenland. J Ecol 62:821–830

    Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson G, Jonsson A (1986) A review of the genetics of Betula. Scand J For Res 1:421–434

    Google Scholar 

  • Gellinek H (1997) Untersuchungen zur Holzbildungsdynamik von Birke und Kiefer an der nördlichen Waldgrenze mit Hilfe der “pinning”-Methode.Diplom Thesis,University of Hamburg

    Google Scholar 

  • Hänninen H (1996) Effects of climate warming on northern trees: testing the frost damage hypothesis with meteorological data from provenance transfer experiments. Scand J For Res 11:17–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haukioja E, Koponen S (1975) Birch herbivores and herbivory at Kevo. In: Wielgolaski FE (ed) Fennoscandian tundra ecosystems,part 2.Animal and system analysis. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 181–188

    Google Scholar 

  • Haukioja E, Rouhomäki K, Senn J, Suomela J, Walls M (1990) Consequences of herbivory in the mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa): importance of the functional organization of the tree. Oecologia 82:238–247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haukioja E, Ruohomaki K, Suomela J, Vuorisalo T (1991) Nutritional quality as a defence against herbivores. For Ecol Manage 39:237–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henriksson J, Haukioja E, Ruohomäki K (1999) Impact of leaf damage on growth of mountain birch shoots. New Phytol 142:469–474

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoogesteger J, Karlsson PS (1992) Effects of defoliation on radial stem growth and photosynthesis in the mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa). Funct Ecol 6:317–323

    Google Scholar 

  • Junttila O, Nilsen J (1993) Growth and development of northern forest trees as affected by temperature and light. In: Alden JN, Ödum S, Mastrantonio ML et al. (eds) Forest development in cold climates. Plenum Press, New York, pp 43–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Kallio P (1975) Kevo, Finland. In: Rosswall T, Heal OW (eds) Structure and function of tundra ecosystems. Ecol Bull 20:193–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Kallio P, Lehtonen J (1973) Birch forest damage caused by Oporinia autumnata (Bkh.) in 1965–1966 in Utsjoki, N Finland. Rep Kevo Subarctic Res 10:55–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Kallio P, Lehtonen J (1975) On the ecocatastrophe of birch forests caused by Oporinina autumnata (Bkh.) and the problem of reforestation. In: Wielgolaski FE (ed) Fennoscandian tundra ecosystems, part 2. Animal and system analysis, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 174–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Kallio P, Mäkinen Y (1978) Vascular flora of Inari, Lapland. 4. Betulaceae. Rep Kevo Subarct Res Stat 14:38–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Karlsson PS, Nordell O (1989) Effects of leaf duration, nutrient supply, and temperature on the seasonal pattern of growth and nitrogen uptake in tree seedlings in a subarctic environment. Can J Bot 67:211–217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karlsson PS, Nordell O (1996) Effects of soil temperature on nitrogen economy and growth of mountain birch seedlings near its presumed low temperature distribution limit. Écoscience 3:183–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Karlsson PS, Weih M (1996) Relationships between nitrogen economy and performance in the mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa). Ecol Bull 45:71–78

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karlsson PS, Weih M (2001) Soil temperatures near the distribution limit of the mountain birch: implications for seedling nitrogen economy and survival. Arct Antarct Alpine Res 33:88–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Karlsson PS, Weih M (2004) Patterns of recovery after insect herbivory in the mountain birch. Funct Ecol 17:841–850

    Google Scholar 

  • Karlsson PS, Olsson L, Hellström K (1996) Trade-offs among investments in different long-shoot functions-variation among mountain birch individuals. J Ecol 84:915–921

    Google Scholar 

  • Karlsson PS, Nordell KO, Sveinbjörnsson B (2001) Biomass and nitrogen turnover and nutrient use characteristics in subarctic mountain birch trees. In: Wielgolaski FE (ed) Nordic mountain birch ecosystems. Man and the biosphere series, vol 27. MAB/UNSECO, Parthenon, New York, London, pp 129–143

    Google Scholar 

  • Karlsson PS, Bylund, H, Neuvonen S, Heino S, Tjus M (2003) Climatic control of budburst in the mountain birch at two areas in northern Fennoscandia and possible responses to global change. Ecography 26:617–625

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kauppi A (1989) Sprouting in birches; a morphological and ecophysiological approach. Acta Univ Oulu Ser A Sci Rerum Naturalium 209:1–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Kauppi A, Kiviniitty M, Ferm A (1990) Leaf morphology and photosynthetic rate in birch seedlings and stump sprouts. Can J For Res 20:952–960

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellomäki S, Kolström M (1994) The influence of climate change on the productivity of Scots pine, Norway spruce, Pendal birch and Pubescent birch in southern and northern Finland. For Ecol Manage 65:201–217

    Google Scholar 

  • Kira T (1975) Primary production of forests. In: Cooper JP (ed) Photosynthesis and productivity in different environments. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, pp 5–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Kjelvik S (1971) Brief report on IBP biomass studies in a mountain birch zone at Maurseth, Hardangervidda, Norway. In: Rosswall T (ed) Systems analysis in northern coniferous forests. Bull Ecol Res Com (Stockh) 14:49–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Kjelvik S (1973) Biomass and production in a willow thicket and a sub-alpine birch forest, Hardangervidda, Norway. In: Bliss LC, Wielgolaski FE (eds) Primary production and production processes, Tundra Biome. The Tundra Biome Steering Committee, Stockholm, pp 115–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Körner C (1989) The nutritional status of plants from high altitudes: a worldwide comparison. Oecologia 81: 379–391

    Google Scholar 

  • Körner C (1991) Some often overlooked plant characteristics as determinants of plant growth: a reconsideration. Funct Ecol 5:162–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Körner C (2003) Carbon limitation in trees. J Ecol 91:4–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuivinen KL, Lawson MP (1982) Dendroclimatic analyses of birch in south Greenland. Arct Alpine Res 14:243–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kullman L (2002) Rapid recent range-margin rise of tree and shrub species in the Swedish Scandes. J Ecol 90:68–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lehtilä K, Tuomi J, Sulkinoja M (1994) Bud demography of the mountain birch Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa near tree line. Ecology 75:945–955

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehtonen J, Heikkinen RK (1995) on the recovery of mountain birch after Epirrita damage in Finnish Lapland, with a particular emphasis on reindeer grazing. Ecoscience 2:349–356

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindroth RL (1996) CO2-mediated changes in tree chemistry and tree-Lepidopteran interactions. In: Kock GW, Mooney HA (eds) Carbon dioxide and terrestrial ecosystems. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 105–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Mikkola K (1986) Pintakasvillisuuden, puuston ja eräiden ympäristötekijöiden suhteet Luoteis-Enontekiön tunturikoivikoissa. (The relationships between vegetation, trees and some environmental factors in the mountain birch forests of north-western Enontekiö.) MSc Thesis, 120 pp, Department of Botany, University of Helsinki

    Google Scholar 

  • Neuvonen S, Niemelä P, Virtanen T (1999) Climatic change and insect outbreaks in boreal forests: the role of winter temperatures. Ecol Bull 47:63–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Oechel WC, Cowles S, Grulke N, Hastings SJ, Lawrence B, Prudhomme T, Reichers G, Strain B, Tissue D, Vourlitis G (1994) Transient nature of CO2 fertilization in Arctic tundra. Nature 371:500–503

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skre O (1993) Growth of mountain birch (Betula pubsescens Ehrh.) in response to changing climate. In: Alden J, Mastrantonio JL, Ödum S (eds) Forest development in cold climates, Plenum Press New York, pp 65–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Skre O, Baxter R, Crawford MM, Callaghan TV, Fedorkov A (2001) How will the tundrataiga interface respond to climate change? Ambio Spec Rep 12:37–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonesson M, Hoogesteger J (1983) Recent tree-line dynamics (Betula pubescens Ehrh. ssp. tortuosa [Ledeb.]) in northern Sweden. Nordicana 47:47–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Starr M, Hartman M, Kinnumem T (1998) Biomass function for mountain birch in the Vuoskojärvi integrated monitoring area. Boreal Environ Res 3:297–303

    Google Scholar 

  • Strömgren M, Linder S (2002) Effects of nutrition and soil warming on stemwood production in a boreal Norway spruce stand. Global Change Biol 8:1195–1204

    Google Scholar 

  • Sveinbjörnsson B (1983) Bioclimate and its effect on the carbon dioxide flux of mountain birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) at its altitudinal tree-line in the Torneträsk area, Northern Sweden. Nordicana 47:111–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Sveinbjörnsson B (1987) Biomass proportioning as related to plant size in juvenile mountain birch near Abisko, Swedish Lapland. Rep Kevo Subarct Res Stat 20:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Sveinbjörnsson B (2000) North American and European treelines: external forces and internal processes controlling position. Ambio 29:388–395

    Google Scholar 

  • Sveinbjörnsson B, Nordell O, Kauhanen H (1992) Nutrient relations of mountain birch growth at and below the elevational tree-line in Swedish Lapland. Funct Ecol 6:213–220

    Google Scholar 

  • Tenow O (1972) The outbreaks of Oporinia autumnata Bkh. and Operophthera spp. (Lep., Geometridae) in the Scandinavian mountain chain and northern Finland 1862–1968. Zool Bidr Uppsala Suppl 2, pp 1–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Tenow O (1996) Hazards to a mountain birch forest — Abisko in perspective. Ecol Bull 45:104–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Tenow O, Bylund H (2000) Recovery of a Betula pubescens forest in northern Sweden after severe defoliation by Epirrita autumnata. J Veg Sci 11:855–862

    Google Scholar 

  • Tenow O, Nilssen AC, Holmgren B, Elverum F (1999) An insect (Agryresthia retinella, Lep., Yponomeutidae) outbreak in northern birch forests, released by climatic changes? J Appl Ecol 36:111–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tenow O, Bylund H, Karlsson PS, Hoogesteger J (2004) Rejuvenation of a mountain birch forest by an Epirrita autumnata (Lepidoptera: Geeometridae) outbreak. Acta Oecologica 25:43–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thórsson AT, Salmela E, Anamthawat-Jónsson K (2001) Morphological, cytogenetic, and molecular evidence for introgressive hybridization in birch. J Hered 92:404–408

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verwijst T (1988) Environmental correlates of multiple-stem formation in Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa. Vegetatio 76:29–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Warren WG (1980) On removing the growth trend from dendrochronological data. Tree Ring Bull 40:35–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Weih M (1998a) The nitrogen economy of mountain birch as related to environmental conditions and genotype. PhD Thesis, University of Uppsala, Sweden. Comprehensive summaries Uppsala Diss, Faculty of Science and Technology 351

    Google Scholar 

  • Weih M (1998b) Seasonality of nutrient availability in soils of subarctic mountain birch woodlands, Swedish Lapland. Arct Alp Res 30:19–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Weih M (2000a) Delayed growth response of mountain birch seedlings to a decrease in fertilisation and temperature. Funct Ecol 14:566–572

    Google Scholar 

  • Weih M (2000b) Growth of mountain birch seedlings in early-successional patches: A year-round perspective. Plant Biol 2:428–436

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weih M, Karlsson PS (1997) Growth and nitrogen utilization in seedlings of mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa) as related to plant nitrogen status and temperature: a two-year study. Écoscience 4:365–373

    Google Scholar 

  • Weih M, Karlsson PS (1999a) The nitrogen economy of mountain birch seedlings: implications for winter survival. J Ecol 87:211–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weih M, Karlsson PS (1999b): Growth response of altitudinal ecotypes of mountain birch to temperature and fertilisation. Oecologia 119:16–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weih M, Karlsson PS (2001a) Growth response of mountain birch to air and soil temperature: is increasing leaf-nitrogen content an acclimation to lower air temperature? New Phytol 150:147–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weih M, Karlsson PS (2001b) Variation in growth patterns among provenances, ecotypes and individuals of mountain birch. In: Wielgolaski FE (ed) Nordic mountain birch ecosystems. Man Biosphere Ser 27:143–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Weih M, Karlsson PS (2002) Low winter soil temperature affects summertime nutrient uptake capacity and growth rate of mountain birch seedlings in the subarctic, Swedish Lapland. Arct Antarct Alpine Res 34:434–439

    Google Scholar 

  • Weih M, Karlsson PS, Skre, O (1998a) Intra-specific variation in nitrogen economy among three mountain birch provenances. Ecoscience 5:108–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Weih M, Johanson U, Jones DG (1998b) Growth and nitrogen utilization in seedlings of mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa) as affected by ultraviolet radiation (UV-A and UV-B) under laboratory and natural conditions. Trees 12:201–207 and 12:452 [Erratum]

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Karlsson, P.S., Weih, M., Borg, C. (2005). Mountain Birch Growth in Relation to Climate and Herbivores. In: Caldwell, M.M., et al. Plant Ecology, Herbivory, and Human Impact in Nordic Mountain Birch Forests. Ecological Studies, vol 180. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26595-3_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics