Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Focal Liver Lesions pp 363–386Cite as

Multimodality Treatment of Hepatic Metastases

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adam R (2003) Chemotherapy and surgery: new perspectives on the treatment of unresectable liver metastases. Ann Oncol 14:13–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adam R, Bismuth H, Castaing D, et al (1997) Repeat hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg 225:51–62

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adam R, Avisar E, Ariche A, et al (2001) Five-year survival following hepatic resection after neoadjuvant therapy for non-resectable colorectal. Ann Surg Oncol 8:347–353

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adam R, Pascal G, Azoulay D, et al (2003) Liver resection for colorectal metastases: the third hepatectomy. Ann Surg 238:871–884

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adson MA, van Heerden JA, Adson MH, et al (1984) Resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Arch Surg 119:647–651

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Advanced Colorectal Cancer Meta-Analysis Project (1992) Modulation of fluorouracil by leucovorin in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: evidence in terms of response rate. J Clin Oncol 10:896–903

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen-Mersh TG, Earlam S, Fordy C, et al (1994) Quality of life and survival with continuous hepatic-artery floxuridine infusion for colorectal liver metastases. Lancet 344:1255–1260

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • August DA, Sugarbaker PH, Ottow RT (1985) Hepatic resection of colorectal metastases. Influence of clinical factors and adjuvant intraperitoneal 5-FU via Tenckhoff catheter on survival. Ann Surg 201:210–218

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Azoulay D, Adam R, Castaing D, et al (2001) Multistage liver resections in colorectal liver metastases. The Paul Brousse concept. Chirurg 72:765–769

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baker J, Bleiberg H, Hutchison G, et al (1997) An international multidisciplinary approach to the management of advanced colorectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 23:1–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Ballantyne GH, Quin J (1993) Surgical treatment of liver metastases in patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer 71:4252–4256

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beckurts KT, Holscher AH, Thorban S, et al (1997) Significance of lymphnode involvement at the hepatic hilum in the resection of colorectal liver metastases. Br J Surg 84:1081–1084

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Belghiti J, Hiramatsu K, Benoist S, et al (2000) Seven hundred forty-seven hepatectomies in the 1990s: an update to evaluate the actual risk of liver resection. J Am Coll Surg 191:38–46

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bengmark S, Hafstrom L, Jeppsson B (1982) Metastatic disease in the liver from colorectal cancer: An appraisal of liver surgery. World J Surg 6:61–65

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benotti P, Steele G (1992) Patterns of recurrent colorectal cancer and recovery surgery. Cancer 70:1409–1413

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bismuth H, Adam R, Levi F, et al (1996) Resection of non-resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Surg 224:509–522

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bleicher RJ, Allegra DP, Nora DT, et al (2003) Radiofrequency Liver ablation in 447 complex unresectable liver tumors: lessons learned. Ann Surg Oncol 10:52–58

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blumgart LH, Fong Y (1995) Surgical options in the treatment of hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer. Curr Probl Surg 32:333–421

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bozzetti F, Cozzaglio L, Boracchi P, et al (1993) Comparing surgical resection of limited hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer to non-operative treatment. Eur J Surg Oncol 19:162–167

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Butler J, Attiyeh FF, Daly JM (1986) Hepatic resection for metastases of the colon and rectum. Surg Gynecol Obstet 162:109–113

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cady B, McDermott WV (1985) Major hepatic resection for metachronous metastases from colon cancer. Ann Surg 201:204–209

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Christoforidis D, Martinet O, Lejeune FJ, et al (2002) Isolated liver perfusion for non-resectable liver tumours: a review. Eur J Surg Oncol 28:875–890

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conlon R, Jacobs M, Dasgupta D, et al (2003) The value of intraoperative ultrasound during hepatic resection compared with improved preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Eur J Ultrasound 16:211–216

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Desai DC, Zervos EE, Arnold MW, et al (2003) Positron emission tomography affects surgical management in recurrent colorectal cancer patients. Ann Surg Oncol 10:59–64

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doci R, Gennari L, Bignami P, et al (1991) One hundred patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer treated by resection: analysis of prognostic determinants. Br J Surg 78:797–801

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doci R, Gennari L, Bignami P, et al (1995) Morbidity and mortality after hepatic resection of metastases from colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 82:377–381

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Douillard JY, Cunningham D, Roth AD, et al (2000) Irinotecan combined with fluorouracil compared with fluorouracil alone as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicenter randomised trial. Lancet 355:1041–1047

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eder M, Weiss M (1991) Hämatogene Lebermetastasen — humanpathologische Grundlagen. Chirurg 62:705–709p

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elias D, Lasser P, Hoang JM, et al (1993) Repeat hepatectomy for cancer. Br J Surg 80:1557–1562

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elias D, Lasser P, Rougier P, et al (1995) Frequency, technical aspects, results, and indications of major hepatectomy after prolonged intra-arterial hepatic chemotherapy for initially unresectable hepatic tumors. J Am Coll Surg 180:213–219

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elias D, Saric J, Jaeck D, et al (1996) Prospective study of microscopic lymph node involvement of the hepatic pedicle during curative hepatectomy for colorectal metastases. Br J Surg 83:942–945

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elias D, Lasser P, Ducreux M, et al (2003a) Liver resection (and associated extrahepatic resections) for metastatic well differentiated endocrine tumors: a 15-year single center prospective study. Surgery 133:375–382

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elias D, Ouellet JF, Bellon N, et al (2003b) Extrahepatic disease does not contraindicate hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Br J Surg 90:567–574

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ercolani G, Grazi GL, Ravaioli M, et al (2002) Liver resection for multiple colorectal metastases: influence of parenchymal involvement and total tumor volume, vs number or location, on long-term survival. Arch Surg 137:1187–1192

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ercolani G, Grazi GL, Ravaioli M, et al (2004) The role of lymphadenectomy for liver tumors: further considerations on the appropriateness of treatment strategy. Ann Surg 239:202–209

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Evrard S, Becouarn Y, Fonck M, et al (2004) Surgical treatment of liver metastases by radiofrequency ablation, resection, or in combination. Eur J Surg Oncol 30:399–406

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez-Trigo V, Shamsa F, Sugarbaker PH (1995) Repeat liver resection from colorectal metastases. Repeat Hepatic Metastases Registry. Surgery 117:296–304

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Finlay IG, Meek D, Brunton F, et al (1988) Growth rate of hepatic metastases in colorectal carcinoma. Br J Surg 75:641–644

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Formentini A, Link KH, Pillasch J, et al (1997) Neoadjuvant regional chemotherapy for non-resectable pancreatic and hepatic tumors. Int J Oncol (S1)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fortner JG, Silva JS, Golbey RB (1984) Multivariate analysis of a personal series of 247 consecutive patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer. I Treatment by hepatic resection. Ann Surg 199:306–316

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foster JH, Lundy J (1981) Liver metastases. Curr Probl Surg 18:157–202

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fowler WC, Eisenberg BL, Hoffman JP (1992) Hepatic resection following systemic chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 51:122–125

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fujimoto S, Miyazaki M, Kitsukawa Y, et al (1985) Long-term survivors of colorectal cancer with unresectable hepatic metastases. Dis Colon Rectum 28:588–591

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fujita S, Miyake H, Akasu T, et al (1998) Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of 5-FU for unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer. J Jpn Soc Coloproctol 51:974

    Google Scholar 

  • Gansauge F, Link KH, Büchler M, et al (1993) Split-time resection of ‘unresectable’ colorectal liver metastases supported by chemosensitivity directed hepatic artery infusion. International Conference on Regional Cancer Treatment (ICTCT 93). Wiesbaden, 12–14 July 1993

    Google Scholar 

  • Gennari L, Doci R, Bozzetti F, et al (1986a) Surgical treatment of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Ann Surg 203:49–54

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gennari L, Doci R, Bozzetti F, et al (1986b) Proposal for staging liver metastases. Recent Res Cancer Res 100:80–84

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geoghegan JG, Scheele J (1999) Treatment of colorectal liver metastases. Br J Surg 86:158–169

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Germer CT, Isbert C, Albrecht D, et al (1999) Laser-induced thermotherapy combined with hepatic arterial embolization in the treatment of liver tumors in a rat tumor model. Ann Surg 230:55–62

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gervaz P, Pakart R, Nivatvongs S, et al (2003) Colorectal adenocarcinoma in cirrhotic patients. J Am Coll Surg 196:874–879

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giacchetti S, Itzhaki M, Gruia G, et al (1999) Long-term survival of patients with unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases following infusional chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin and surgery. Ann Oncol 10:663–669

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giacchetti S, Perpoint B, Zidani R, et al (2000) Phase III multicenter randomized trial of oxaliplatin added to chronomodulated fluorouracil-leucovorin as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 18:136–147

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gigot JF, Glineur D, Santiago AJ, et al (2002) Laparoscopic liver resection for malignant liver tumors: preliminary results of a multicenter European study. Ann Surg 236:90–97

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gillams AR, Lees WR (2000) Survival after percutaneous, image-guided, thermal ablation of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 43:656–661

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gough DB, Donohue JH, Trastek VA, et al (1994) Resection of hepatic and pulmonary metastases in patients with colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 81:94–96

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gouillat C, Ducerf C, Partensky C, et al (1993) Repeated hepatic resections for colorectal metastases. Eur J Surg Oncol 19:443–447

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harmon KE, Ryan JA Jr, Biehl TR, et al (1999) Benefits and safety of hepatic resection for colorectal metastases. Am J Surg 177:402–404

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hemming AW, Reed AI, Howard RJ, et al (2003) Preoperative portal vein embolization for extended hepatectomy. Ann Surg 237:686–693

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herfarth C, Heuschen UA, Lamade W, et al (1995). Rezidiv-Resektionen an der Leber bei primären und sekundären Lebermalignomen. Chirurg 66:949–958

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hermanek P (2000) Qualitätssicherung in der Onkologie: Kurzgefasste interdisziplinäre Leitlinien 2000. Zuckschwerdt Verlag, München, pp 182–188

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodgson WJ, Friedland M, Ahmed T, et al (1986) Treatment of colorectal hepatic metastases by intrahepatic chemotherapy alone or as an adjuvant to complete or partial removal of metastatic disease. Ann Surg 203:420–425

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hohn DC, Shea WJ, Gemlo BT, et al (1988) Complications and toxicities of hepatic arterial chemotherapy. Contr Oncol 29:169–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes KS, Sugarbaker PH (1987) Resection of the liver for metastatic solid tumors. In: Rosenberg SA (ed) Surgical treatment of metastatic cancer. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 125–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes KS, Simon R, Songhorabodi S, et al (1986) Resection of the liver for colorectal carcinoma metastases: a multi institutional study of indications for resection. Surgery 100:278–284

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt TM, Carty N, Johnson CD (1990) Resection of liver metastases from a colorectal carcinoma does not benefit the patient. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 72:199–205

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Imamura H, Sano K, Harihara Y, et al (2003) Complete remission of disease for 5 years following initial and repeat resection of the liver for the removal of 22 metastases of colorectal origin. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 10:321–324

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ISTO (2004) Informationszentrum für Standards in der Onkologie. Kurzgefasste Interdisziplinäre Leitlinien 2004. Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft e.V. 2004. Qualitätssicherung in der Onkologie, Diagnostik und Therapie maligner Erkrankugen. W. Zuckschwerdt Verlag, Munich

    Google Scholar 

  • Iwatsuki S, Esquivel C, Gordon RD, et al (1986) Liver resection for metastatic colorectal cancer. Surgery 100:804–810

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jaeck D (2003) The significance of hepatic pedicle lymph node metastases in surgical management of colorectal liver metastases and of other liver malignancies. Ann Surg Oncol 10:1007–1011

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jonker D, Maroun J, Kocha W (2000) Survival benefit of chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Br J Cancer 82:1789–1794

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jourdan JL, Cannan R, Stubbs R (1999) Hepatic resection for metastases in colorectal carcinoma. N Z Med J 112:91–93

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kato T, Yasui K, Hirai T, et al (2003) Therapeutic results for hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer with special reference to effectiveness of hepatectomy: analysis of prognostic factors for 763 cases recorded at 18 institutions. Dis Colon Rectum 46:S22–S31

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kemeny N, Conti JA, Cohen A, et al (1994) Phase II study of hepatic arterial floxuridine, leucovorin and dexamethasone for unresectable liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 12:2288–2295

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kemeny N, Huang Y, Cohen AM, et al (1999) Hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapy after resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 341:2039–2048

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kemeny N, Gonen M, Sullivan D, et al (2001) Phase I study of hepatic arterial infusion of floxuridine and dexamethasone with systemic irinotecan for unresectable hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 19:2687–2695

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kemeny MM, Adak S, Gray B, et al (2002) Combined-modality treatment for resectable metastatic colorectal carcinoma to the liver: surgical resection of hepatic metastases in combination with continuous infusion of chemotherapy: an intergroup study. J Clin Oncol 20:1499–1505

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kemeny N, Jarnagin W, Gonen M, et al (2003) Phase I/II study of hepatic arterial therapy with floxuridine and dexamethasone in combination with intravenous irinotecan as adjuvant treatment after resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 21:3303–3309

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kern W, Beckert B, Lang N, et al (2001) Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of hepatic arterial infusion with oxaliplatin in combination with folinic acid and 5-fluorouracil in patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 12:599–603

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Köckerling F, Scheele J, Schneider C, et al (1991) Chirurgische Therapie von Lebermetastasen bei Karzinoidtumoren. In: Herfarth Ch, Schlag P (eds) Neue Entwicklungen in der Therapie von Lebermetastasen. Springer, Berlin, pp 345–352

    Google Scholar 

  • Kooby DA, Stockman J, Ben-Porat L, et al (2003) Influence of transfusions on perioperative and long-term outcome in patients following hepatic resection for colorectal metastases. Ann Surg 237:860–869

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kornmann M, Link KH (2002) Conversion of locally inoperable primary rectal cancer with multiple liver metastases to an option for cure after local down-staging and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. Langenbecks Arch Surg 387:90–93

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kornmann M, Link KH, Lenz HJ, et al (1997) Thymidylate synthase is a predictor for response and resistance in hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy. Cancer Lett 118:29–35

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kornmann M, Butzer U, Blatter J, et al (2000) Preclinical evaluation of the activity of gemcitabine as a basis for regional chemotherapy of pancreatic and colorectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 26:583–587

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lamadé W, Hohenberger P, Hinz U, et al (1994) Hepatic reresection for recurrent liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 20:317

    Google Scholar 

  • Langer B, Bleiberg H, Labianca R, et al (2002) Fluorouracil (FU) + I-Feucovorin (I-LV) versus observation after potentially curative resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC): Results of the ENG (EORTC/NCIC CTG/GIVIO) randomized trial. Proc Am Soc Oncol 21:A592

    Google Scholar 

  • Laurent C, Sa Cunha A, Couderc P, et al (2003) Influence of postoperative morbidity on long-term survival following liver resection for colorectal metastases. Br J Surg 90:1131–1136

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lehnert T, Otto G, Herfarth C (1995) Therapeutic modalities and prognostic factors for primary and secondary liver tumors. World J Surg 19:252–263

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lehnert T, Knaebel HP, Dück M, et al (1999) Sequential hepatic and pulmonary resections for metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 86:241–243

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lencioni R, Vignali C, Caramella D, et al (1994) Transcatheter arterial embolization followed by percutaneous ethanol injection in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 17:70–75

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lencioni R, Goletti O, Armillotta N, et al (1998) Radiofrequency thermal ablation of liver metastases with a cooled-tip electrode needle: results of a pilot clinical trial. Eur Radiol 8:1205–1211

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leslie KA, Rossi R, Hughes K, et al (1995) Survival expectancy of patients alive 5 years after hepatic resection for metastatic colon carcinoma: report from the registry of hepatic metastases. Proc Am Soc Oncol 14:200

    Google Scholar 

  • Leyvraz S, Spataro V, Bauer J, et al (1997) Treatment of ocular melanoma metastatic to the liver by hepatic arterial chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 15:2589–2595

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Link KH (1998) Chirurgisch-onkologische Therapie von Mammakarzinom-Lebermetastasen. In: Kreienberg R, Möbus V, Alt D (eds) Management des Mammakarzinoms. Springer, Berlin, pp 274–287

    Google Scholar 

  • Link KH (2000) Adjuvante Therapie bei Kolon-und Rektumkarzinomen: Zwischenergebnisse einer prospektiven, randomisierten Multicenterstudie (FOGT 1+2). 2/6-05-2000.117. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Link KH, Aigner KR, Kuehn W, et al (1986) Prospective correlative chemosensitivity testing in high-dose intraarterial chemotherapy for liver metastases. Cancer Res 46:4837–4848

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Link KH, Kreuser ED, Safi F, et al (1993) Die intraarterielle Chemotherapie mit 5-FU und Folinsäure (FA, Rescuvolin) im Therapiekonzept bei nicht resektablen kolorektalen Lebermetastasen. Tumordiagnostik Therapie 14:224–231

    Google Scholar 

  • Link KH, Kornmann M, Safi F, et al (1994) Response prediction in hepatic artery infusion with Fluoropyrimidines using cell culture and polymerase chain reaction techniques. Eur J Surg Oncol 20:317–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Link KH, Kornmann M, Leder GH, et al (1996) Regional chemotherapy directed by individual chemosensitivity testing in vitro: a prospective decision aiding trial. Clin Cancer Res 2:1469–1474

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Link KH, Staib L, Kreuser ED, et al (1996) Adjuvant treatment of colon and rectal cancer: Impact of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy on routine postsurgical patient management. Recent Res Cancer Res 142:311–352

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Link KH, Leder G, Pillasch J, et al (1998) In vitro concentration response studies and in vitro phase II tests as the experimental basis for regional chemotherapeutic protocols. Semin Surg Oncol 14:189–201

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Link KH, Pillasch J, Formentini A, et al (1999a) Downstaging by regional chemotherapy of non-resectable isolated colorectal liver metastases. Eur J Surg Oncol 25:381–388

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Link KH, Kornmann M, Formentini A, et al (1999b) Regional chemotherapy of non-resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer — literature and institutional review. Langenbecks Arch Surg 384:344–353

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Link KH, Germer CT, Seifert JK, et al (2000a) Neue Wirkprinzipien in der chirurgischen Onkologie. Onkologie 5:450–457

    Google Scholar 

  • Link KH, Kornmann M, Butzer U, et al (2000b) Thymidylate synthase quantitation and in vitro chemosensitivity testing predicts responses and survival of patients with isolated non-resectable liver tumors receiving hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. Cancer 89:288–296

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Link KH, Sunelaitis E, Kornmann M, et al (2001) Regional chemotherapy of non-resectable colorectal liver metastases with mitoxantrone, 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid, and mitomycin C may prolong survival. Cancer 92:2746–2753

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu CL, Fan ST, Lo CM, et al (2002) Hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases: prospective study. Hong Kong Med J 8:329–333

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Livraghi T, Solbiati L, Meloni F, et al (2003) Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of liver metastases in potential candidates for resection: the “test-of-time approach”. Cancer 97:3027–3035

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz M, Muller HH (2000) Randomized, multicenter trial of fluorouracil plus leucovorin administered either via hepatic arterial or intravenous infusion versus fluorodeoxyuridine administered via hepatic arterial infusion in patients with non-resectable liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 18:243–254

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz M, Müller HH, Staib-Sebler E, et al (1997) Standard/studies for regional treatment of colorectal metastases (ALM study). Eighth International Conference of Regional Cancer Treatment. Reg Cancer Treat (S)72

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz M, Muller HH, Schramm H, et al (1998) Randomized trial of surgery versus surgery followed by adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion with 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid for liver metastases of colorectal cancer. German Cooperative on Liver Metastases (Arbeitsgruppe Lebermetastasen). Ann Surg 228:756–762

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mala T, Bohler G, Mathisen O, et al (2002) Hepatic resection for colorectal metastases: can preoperative scoring predict patient outcome? World J Surg 26:1348–1353

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maruo H, Kosaka A (1994) Evaluation of cases of metastatic liver tumors resected following intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 21:2143–2146

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meta-analysis Group in Cancer (1996) Reappraisal of hepatic arterial infusion in the treatment of non-resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 88:252–258

    Google Scholar 

  • Meta-analysis Group in Cancer (1998) Efficacy of intravenous continuous infusion of fluorouracil compared with bolus administration in advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 16:301–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Murata S, Morya Y, Akasu T, et al (1998) Resection of both hepatic and pulmonary metastases in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 83:1086–1093

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura S, Suzuki S, Baba S (1997) Resection of liver metastases of colorectal carcinoma. World J Surg 21:741–747

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nordic Gastrointestinal Tumor Adjuvant Therapy Group (1992) Expectancy or primary chemotherapy in patients with advanced asymptomatic colorectal cancer: a randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 10:904–911

    Google Scholar 

  • Nordlinger B, Jaeck D, Guiguet M, et al (1992) Surgical resection of hepatic metastases: multicentric retrospective study by the French Association of Surgery. In: Nordlinger B, Jaeck D (eds) Treatment of hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer. Springer, New York, pp 129–161

    Google Scholar 

  • Nordlinger B, Guiguet M, Vaillant JC, et al (1996) Surgical resection of colorectal carcinoma metastases to the liver. A prognostic scoring system to improve case selection, based on 1568 patients. Association Francaise de Chirurgie. Cancer 77:1254–1262

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ochiai T, Sasako M, Mizuno S, et al (1994) Hepatic resection for metastatic tumours from gastric cancer: analysis of prognostic factors. Br J Surg 81:1175–1178

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connell MJ, Adson MA, Schutt AJ, et al (1985) Clinical trial adjuvant therapy after surgical resection of colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver. Mayo Clin Proc 60:517–520

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ohlsson B, Stenram U, Tranberg KG (1998) Resection of colorectal liver metastases: 25-year experience. World J Surg 22:268–277

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oldhafer KJ, Lang H, Malago M, et al (2001) Ex situ Resektion und Resektion an der in situ perfundierten Leber — Gibt es noch Indikationen? Chirurg 72:131–137

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Onaitis M, Morse M, Hurwitz H, et al (2003) Adjuvant hepatic arterial chemotherapy following metastasectomy in patients with isolated liver metastases. Ann Surg 237:782–789

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oshowo A, Gillams A, Harrison E, et al (2003) Comparison of resection and radiofrequency ablation for treatment of solitary colorectal liver metastases. Br J Surg 90:1240–1243

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patt YZ, McBride CM, Ames FC, et al (1987) Adjuvant perioperative hepatic arterial mitomycin C and floxuridine combined with surgical resection of metastatic colorectal cancer in the liver. Cancer 59:867–873

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pawlik TM, Izzo F, Cohen DS, et al (2003) Combined resection and radiofrequency ablation for advanced hepatic malignancies: results in 172 patients. Ann Surg Oncol. 10:1059–1069

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petrelli NJ, Nambisan RN, Herrera L (1985) Hepatic resection for isolated metastasis from colorectal carcinoma. Am J Surg 149:205–209

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Portier G, Rougier PJ, Milan C, et al (2002) Adjuvant systemic chemotherapy (CT) using 5-fluorouracil (FU) and folinic acid (AA) after resection of liver metastases (LM) from colorectal (CRC) origin. Results of an intergroup phase III study (Trial FFCD — ACHBT — AURC 9002). Proc Proc Am Soc Oncol 21:133a

    Google Scholar 

  • Rau HG, Schauer R, Pickelmann S, et al (2001) Dissektionstechniken in der Leberchirurgie. Chirurg 72:105–112

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rivoire M, De Cian F, Meeus P, et al (2002) Combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cryotherapy and surgical resection for the treatment of unresectable liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 95:2283–2292

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson BJ, Rice TW, Strong SA, et al (1999) Is resection of pulmonary and hepatic metastases warranted in patients with colorectal cancer? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 117:66–76

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rougier P, Neoptolemos JP (1997) The need for a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer: a critical review from a medical oncologist and surgeon. Eur J Surg Oncol 23:385–396

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rougier P, Laplanche A, Huguier M, et al (1992) Hepatic arterial infusion of floxuridine in patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma: long-term results of a prospective randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 10:1112–1118

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sadahiro S, Suzuki T, Ishikawa K, et al (2004) Prophylactic hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for the prevention of liver metastasis in patients with colon carcinoma: a randomized control trial. Cancer 100:590–597

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saltz LB, Locker PK, Pirotta N, et al (2000) Weekly irinotecan (CPT-11) leucovorin (LV), and fluorouracil (FU) is superior to daily ×5LV/FU in patients (pts) with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 18:898 Abstract

    Google Scholar 

  • Saw RP, Koorey D, Painter D, et al (2002) p53, DCC and thymidylate synthase as predictors of survival after resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 89:1409–1415

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scaife CL, Curley SA, Izzo F, et al (2003) Feasibility of adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapy after radiofrequency ablation with or without resection in patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 10:348–354

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scheele J (1989) Die segmentorientierte Leberresektion. Grundlagen — Technik — Stellenwert. Chirurg 60:251–265

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scheele J (2001) Anatomical and atypical liver resections. Chirurg 72:113–124

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scheele J, Stangl R, Altendorf-Hofmann A (1990) Hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma: impact of surgical resection on the natural history. Br J Surg 77:1241–1246

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scheele J, Stangl R, Altendorf-Hofmann A (1994) Repeated hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases. Eur J Surg Oncol 20:315–316

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheele J, Altendorf-Hofmann A, Stangl R, et al (1996) Chirurgische Resektion kolorektaler Lebermetastasen: Goldstandard für solitäre und radikal resektable Herde. Swiss Surg (S4):4–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheithauer W, Rosen H, Kornek G, et al (1993) Randomised comparison of combination chemotherapy plus supportive care with supportive care alone in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. BMJ 306:752–755

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schimanski CC, Linnemann U, Galle PR, et al (2003) Hepatic disseminated tumor cells in colorectal cancer UICC stage 4 patients: prognostic implications. Int J Oncol 23:791–796

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seifert JK, Morris DL (1998) Cryotherapy of the resection edge after liver resection for colorectal cancer metastases. Aust N Z J Surg 68:725–728

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seifert JK, Staupendahl D, Junginger T (1997) Repeat interventions in metastases. Chirurg 68:247–254

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shen P, Hoffman A, Howerton R, et al (2002) Cryosurgery of close or positive margins after hepatic resection for primary and metastatic hepatobiliary malignancies. Am Surg 68:695–703

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shibata T, Niinobu T, Ogata N, et al (2000) Microwave coagulation therapy for multiple hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 89:276–284

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sigurdson ER, Ridge JA, Kemeny N, et al (1987) Tumor and liver drug uptake following hepatic artery and portal vein infusion. J Clin Oncol 5:1836–1840

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siperstein AE, Rogers JS, Machi J, et al (2002) Long-term follow-up of patients undergoing radiofrequency thermal ablation of primary metastatic liver tumors: A multi-center study. ACS 88th Annual Clinical Congress, 9-10-2002, San Francisco, CA

    Google Scholar 

  • Solbiati L, Livraghi T, Goldberg SN, et al (2001) Percutaneous radio-frequency ablation of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: long-term results in 117 patients. Radiology 221:159–166

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Staib L, Link KH, Beger HG (2001) Toxicity and effects of adjuvant therapy in colon cancer: results of the German prospective controlled randomized multicenter trial FOGT 1. J Gastrointest Surg 5:275–281

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steele G, Bleday R, Mayer RJ, et al (1991) A prospective evaluation of hepatic resection for colorectal carcinoma metastases to the liver: Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group Protocol 6584. J Clin Oncol 9:1105–1112

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sugihara K, Hojo K, Moriya Y, et al (1993) Pattern of recurrence after hepatic resection for colorectal metastases. Br J Surg 80:1032–1035

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka K, Adam R, Shimada H, et al (2003) Role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of multiple colorectal metastases to the liver. Br J Surg 90:963–969

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor FW (1962) Cancer of the colon and rectum: a study of routes of metastases and death. Surgery 52:305–308

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thirion P, Wolmark N, Haddad E, et al (1999) Survival impact of chemotherapy in patients with colorectal metastases confined to the liver: a re-analysis of 1458 non-operable patients randomised in 22 trials and 4 meta-analyses. Meta-analysis Group In Cancer. Ann Oncol 10:1317–1320

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tono T, Hasuike Y, Ohzato H, et al (2000) Limited but definite efficacy of prophylactic hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy after curative resection of colorectal liver metastases: a randomized study. Cancer 88:1549–1556

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Topal B, Kaufman L, Aerts R, et al (2003) Patterns of failure following curative resection of colorectal liver metastases. Eur J Surg Oncol 29:248–253

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsujitani S, Watanabe A, Kakeji Y, et al (1991) Hepatic recurrence not prevented with low-dosage long-term intraportal 5-FU infusion after resection of colorectal liver metastasis. Eur J Surg Oncol 17:526–529

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vaillant JC, Balladur P, Nordlinger B, et al (1993) Repeat liver resection for recurrent colorectal metastases. Br J Surg 80:340–344

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Ooijen B, Wiggers T, Meijer S, et al (1992) Hepatic resections for colorectal metastases in The Netherlands. A multi-institutional 10-year study. Cancer 70:28–34

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Riel JM, van Groeningen CJ, Kedde MA, et al (2002) Continuous administration of irinotecan by hepatic arterial infusion: a phase I and pharmacokinetic study. Clin Cancer Res 8:405–412

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vlems FA, Diepstra JH, Punt CJ, et al (2003) Detection of disseminated tumour cells in blood and bone marrow samples of patients undergoing hepatic resection for metastasis of colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 90:989–995

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vogel KM (2000) Der natürliche Verlauf von Lebermetastasen kolorektaler Karzinome in abhängigkeit von mehreren prognostischen Kriterien. Medizinische Fakultät der Unversität Ulm, Ulm, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogl TJ, Mack MG, Roggan A (2000) Magnetresonanztomographisch gesteuerte laserinduzierte Theramographie von Lebermetastasen. Dtsch Ärztebl 37:2039–2044

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogl TJ, Straub R, Eichler K, et al (2004) Colorectal carcinoma metastases in liver: laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy — local tumor control rate and survival data. Radiology 230:450–458

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wadler S, Schwartz EL, Goldman M, et al (1989) Fluorouracil and recombinant alpha-2a-interferon: An active regimen against advanced colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 7:1769–1775

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner JG, Gyves JW, Stetson P, et al (1986) Steady-state nonlinear pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil during hepatic arterial and intravenous infusion in cancer patients. Cancer Res 46:1499–1506

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang JY, Chiang JM, Jeng LB, et al (1996) Resection of liver metastases from colorectal cancer: are there any truly significant clinical prognosticators? Dis Colon Rectum 39:847–851

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wein A, Riedel C, Bruckl W, et al (2003) Neoadjuvant treatment with weekly high-dose 5-fluorouracil as 24-hour infusion, folinic acid and oxaliplatin in patients with primary resectable liver metastases of colorectal cancer. Oncology 64:131–138

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss SM, Skibber JM, Mohiuddin M, et al (1985) Rapid intra-abdominal spread of pancreatic cancer. Influence of multiple operative biopsy procedures. Arch Surg 120:415–416

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss L, Ward PM (1991) Metachronous and synchronous seeding of target-organs in the mouse, after paracecal injection of colon-26 cancer cells: Is it relevant to human metastatic colorectal cancer? Reg Cancer Treat 4:55–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Witte RS, Cnaan A, Mansour EG, et al (2001) Comparison of 5-fluorouracil alone, 5-fluorouracil with levamisole, and 5-fluorouracil with hepatic irradiation in the treatment of patients with residual, nonmeasurable, intraabdominal metastasis after undergoing resection for colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 91:1020–1028

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamaguchi J, Komuta K, Matsuzaki S, et al (2002a) Mode of infiltrative growth of colorectal liver metastases is a useful predictor of recurrence after hepatic resection. World J Surg 26:1122–1125

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamaguchi J, Sakamoto I, Fukuda T, et al (2002b) Computed tomographic findings of colorectal liver metastases can be predictive for recurrence after hepatic resection. Arch Surg 137:1294–1297

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yan DB, Clingan P, Morris DL (2003) Hepatic cryotherapy and regional chemotherapy with or without resection for liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma: how many are too many? Cancer 98:320–330

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yedibela S, Jawad MK, Graz V, et al (2004) Vergleich der Indikation und Ergebnisse nach Resektion nicht-kolorektaler Lebermetastasen an der Chrirugischen Universitätsklinik Erlangen-Nuernberg bei 162 Patienten zwischen 1972 und 2001. 121. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie, 27–30 April, ICC, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Surgical Center, Asklepios Paulinen Klinik (APK) and Asklepios Tumortreatment Center Rhein-Main (ATC), Geisenheimerstrasse 10D, 65197, Wiesbaden, Germany

    Karl Heinrich Link MD, PhD, Volker Apell MD, Matthias Holtappels MD, Karim Zayed MD, Tolga Atilla Sagban MD, Matthias Mörschel MD & Thomas Friedrich Weigel MD

  2. Department Medical Oncology and Gastroenterology, Asklepios Paulinen Klinik (APK) and Asklepios Tumortreatment Center Rhein-Main (ATC), Geisenheimerstrasse 10D, 65197, Wiesbaden, Germany

    Klaus Tischbirek MD

  3. Interdisciplinary Outpatient Oncology, Asklepios Paulinen Klinik (APK) and Asklepios Tumortreatment Center Rhein-Main (ATC), Geisenheimerstrasse 10D, 65197, Wiesbaden, Germany

    Klaus Maria Josten MD

  4. Department of Radiology, Asklepios Paulinen Klinik (APK) and Asklepios Tumortreatment Center Rhein-Main (ATC), Geisenheimerstrasse 10D, 65197, Wiesbaden, Germany

    Ralf Thimm MD

  5. Department of Surgery I and Ulm Cancer Center, University of Ulm, 89075, Ulm, Germany

    Ludger Staib MD

Authors
  1. Volker Apell MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Matthias Holtappels MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Karim Zayed MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Tolga Atilla Sagban MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Matthias Mörschel MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Thomas Friedrich Weigel MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Klaus Tischbirek MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Klaus Maria Josten MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Ralf Thimm MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Ludger Staib MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Oncology, Transplants, and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy

    Riccardo Lencioni MD , Dania Cioni MD  & Carlo Bartolozzi MD ,  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Link, K.H. et al. (2005). Multimodality Treatment of Hepatic Metastases. In: Lencioni, R., Cioni, D., Bartolozzi, C. (eds) Focal Liver Lesions. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26354-3_26

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26354-3_26

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-64464-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-26354-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation