Quantum effects in the Josephson approach to a CDW

Abstract

The earlier work of Barnes and Zawadowski is generalized to a time dependent formalism. This permits the study of a.c. mixing, the equivalent of photon assisted tunneling and other quantum effects. Because the gap is so large such quantum effects and in particular the equivalent of photon assisted tunneling are not important for typical frequencies encountered in experiments to date. However a theory which describes the local dynamics by the Josephson modified classical equations but which includes fluctuations as a way of representing the flexibility of the CDW does lead to a scaling relation which might be compared that proposed by the Illinois group and based upon Bardeen's tunneling theory.