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Structure, pretreatment and hydrolysis of cellulose

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Bioenergy

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemical Engineering ((ABE,volume 20))

Abstract

The structural features of cellulose which are important to enzymatic degradation are discussed. Pretreatments to facilitate the accessibility of cellulose are reviewed; in situ wet milling, semi-chemical pulping, and solvent pretreatment are considered the most effective to-date.

The hydrolysis of cellulose by enzyme is a complex phenomenon affected by both the structure of the substrate and condition of reaction. Analyses based on Michaelis-Menten kinetics had limited success. Results from traditional kinetic analysis indicated that cellulose was normally degraded as if it were homogeneous for the enzyme. However, under some specific conditions, such as in situ wet milling and solvent pretreatment, a bimodal degradation might prevail. A comprehensive model to account for this variable mode of cellulose hydrolysis is discussed.

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Abbreviations

β:

β-bonds

a, b, c, Ï‘:

unit cell dimensional parameters

DP:

degree of polymerization

Ã…:

Angstrom

LODP:

leveling-off degree of polymerization

βL :

looped β-bond

S1, S2, S3:

three sublayers of the secondary wall

m:

meter

g:

gram

h:

hour

°C:

degree Celsius

Cx :

endo-glucanase

C1 :

exo-glucanase

Cb :

cellobiase

E:

enzyme

S:

substrate

P:

product

t:

time

E0 :

total enzyme concentration

k1 k2, k−1 :

reaction rate constants

v:

reaction rate

V:

maximum velocity

S0 :

initial substrate concentration

Xm :

absorption parameter of enzyme

KM :

Michaelis-Menten constant

K, K′:

reaction rate constants

A, B, D:

constants

Ks :

dissociation constant for ES complex

Ki, Kc :

inhibition constants for enzyme and complex respectively

ki :

rate constant for ith component

Si :

substrate concentration of ith component

C:

molecular cellulose

k:

rate constant

Ci :

molecular cellulose of component i

Pi :

product produced from component i

α:

fraction of cellulose molecules undergo consecutive reaction

I:

intermediate chain length cellulose

K′, k″:

rate constants

HC:

hydrocellulose

αi :

fraction of cellulose component i undergo consecutive reaction

ki′, ki″:

rate constants of component i

(HC)i :

hydrocellulose from component i

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Author notes

  1. Terry Y. C. Chou

    Present address: E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & COMPANY, Experimental Station, 19898, Wilmington, Delaware, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering, Purdue University, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA

    Martin M. Chang, Terry Y. C. Chou & George T. Tsao

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  1. Martin M. Chang
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  2. Terry Y. C. Chou
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© 1981 Springer-Verlag

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Chang, M.M., Chou, T.Y.C., Tsao, G.T. (1981). Structure, pretreatment and hydrolysis of cellulose. In: Bioenergy. Advances in Biochemical Engineering, vol 20. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-11018-6_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-11018-6_2

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